• 제목/요약/키워드: Level-1 trigger

검색결과 80건 처리시간 0.027초

Development of an event time finding algorithm for multi-wire drift chamber-based Level-1 trigger system in the Belle II experiment

  • Eunil Won;Hyunki Moon
    • Journal of the Korean Physical Society
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    • 제80권
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    • pp.117-122
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    • 2022
  • The Belle II detector at the SuperKEKB e+e- collider in Japan is designed for precise measurements of weak interaction parameters and new physics beyond the Standard Model; therefore, it requires very high instantaneous luminosity. To handle such high luminosity, the level-1 trigger system in the Belle II experiment is designed to efficiently trigger events of interest with the highest efficiency. Among many sub-detectors, track reconstruction of charged particles is performed using information collected from the central drift chamber. Therefore, the central drift chamber-based trigger plays a central role in distinguishing specific types of physics based on fast track reconstruction. To improve the longitudinal position resolution of a track vertex and for the fine-tuning of trigger signal timing, the time of the collision, which we call event time, is necessary. We developed an event time finding algorithm using the wire hit time information obtained from the central drift chamber and validated our algorithm through Monte Carlo simulation.

범용 CMOS 공정을 사용한 DTMOS 슈미트 트리거 로직의 구현을 통한 EM Immunity 향상 검증 (DTMOS Schmitt Trigger Logic Performance Validation Using Standard CMOS Process for EM Immunity Enhancement)

  • 박상혁;김소영
    • 한국전자파학회논문지
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    • 제27권10호
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    • pp.917-925
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    • 2016
  • 슈미트 트리거 로직(Schmitt Trigger Logic)은 디지털 회로의 노이즈에 대한 내성을 향상시키기 위해 히스테리시스 특성을 보이는 게이트를 제안한 설계 방법이다. 슈미트 트리거 특성을 보이는 설계 방법 중 최근에 제안된 substrate bias를 조정하여 구현하는 Dynamic Threshold voltage MOS(DTMOS) 방법을 사용할 경우, 게이트 수를 늘이지 않고 내성을 향상 시킬 수 있는 설계방법이나, 범용 CMOS 공정에서 구현하여 시뮬레이션으로 예상하는 성능을 얻을 수 있는지는 검증되지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 $0.18{\mu}m$ CMOS 공정에서 DTMOS 설계 방법을 구현하여 히스테리시스 특성을 측정하여 검증하였다. DTMOS 슈미트 트리거 버퍼, 인버터, 낸드, 노어 게이트 및 간단한 디지털 로직 회로를 제작하였으며, 히스테리시스 특성, 전력 소모, 딜레이 등의 특성들을 관찰하고, 일반적인 CMOS 게이트로 구현된 회로와 비교하였다. 노이즈에 대한 내성이 향상되는 것을 Direct Power Injection(DPI) 실험을 통해 확인하였다. 본 논문을 통해 제작된 DTMOS 슈미트 트리거 로직은 10 M~1 GHz 영역에서 전자파 내성이 향상된 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

The efficacy of low-level diode laser versus laser acupuncture for the treatment of myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome (MPDS)

  • Khalighi, Hamid Reza;Mortazavi, Hamed;Mojahedi, Seyed Masoud;Azari-Marhabi, Saranaz;Parvaie, Parvin;Anbari, Fahimeh
    • Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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    • 제22권1호
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    • pp.19-27
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    • 2022
  • Background: Myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome (MPDS) is the most common type of temporomandibular disorder. This study compared the efficacies of low-level diode laser therapy (LLLT) and laser acupuncture therapy (LAT) in the treatment of MPDS. Methods: This double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial included 24 patients with MPDS who were randomly divided into two equally sized groups. Patients in the LLLT group received 12 sessions of low-level diode laser irradiation applied to the trigger points of the masticatory muscles during 1 month. The same protocol was also used in the LAT group according to the specific trigger points. We measured pain intensity and maximum mouth opening in both groups at baseline, during treatment, and 2 months after treatment completion. Results: The pain intensities decreased from 6.58±1.31 to 0.33±0.65 and from 7.08 ± 1.37 to 0 in the LLLT and LAT groups, respectively. The maximum mouth openings increased from 32.25 ± 8.78 mm to 42.58 ± 4.75 mm and from 33 ± 6.57 mm to 45.67 ± 3.86 mm in the LLLT and LAT groups, respectively. Pain intensity (P = 0.839) and level of maximum mouth opening (P = 0.790) did not differ significantly between the groups. Conclusion: Our results showed similar efficacy between LLLT and LAT in the treatment of MPDS signs and symptoms.

입력제한 조건을 가지는 순항 제어 시스템을 위한 이벤트-트리거 MPC (Event-triggered MPC for Adaptive Cruise Control System with Input Constraints)

  • 이상문
    • 전기학회논문지
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    • 제66권1호
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    • pp.165-170
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    • 2017
  • This paper presents an event-triggered model predictive controller for adaptive cruise control system with sampled and quantized-data. Unlike existing works, a longitudinal continuous-time model is used for the predictive control of the system. To efficiently utilize network resources, event-trigger scheme is employed, which allows limited sensor and actuator signal satisfying the condition that the measurement of errors is over the ratio of a trigger level. The proposed control gain is obtained by solving a convex problem satisfying several linear matrix inequalities at every sampling times. Simulation results are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed design method.

내부 트리거 발생회로를 이용한 고속의 디지털 Maximum Selector 회로의 설계 (Development of A High-Speed Digital Maximum Selector Circuit With Internal Trigger-Signal Generator)

  • 윤명철
    • 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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    • 제48권2호
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    • pp.55-60
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    • 2011
  • 그동안 신경망칩의 설계에는 주로 아날로그 Maximum Selector (MS) 회로를 사용하였다. 그러나 집적도가 높아질수록 아날로그 MS회로는 신호의 해상도(Resolution)을 높이는데 어려움이 있다. 반면 디지털 MS 회로는 높은 해상도를 얻기는 쉬우나 속도가 느린 단점이 있었다. 본 논문에서는 신경망칩의 디지털화에 사용하기 위한 MSIT(Maximum Selector with Internal Trigger-Signal) 라는 고속의 디지털 MS회로를 개발하였다. MSIT는 제어신호 발생기를 내장하여 안정적인 동작을 확보하고, 불필요한 대기시간을 없애도록 이를 최적화 함으로써 높은 속도를 얻을 수 있다. 1.2V-$0.13{\mu}m$ 프로세스의 모델파라메터를 사용하여 32 개의 10 비트 데이터에 대하여 시뮬레이션을 수행한 결과 3.4ns의 응답시간을 얻을 수 있었다. 이는 동급의 해상도를 갖는 아날로그 MS회로 보다 훨씬 빠른 속도로써, MSIT와 같은 디지털 MS 회로가 아날로그 MS회로에 비하여 높은 해상도와 빠른 속도를 구현할 수 있음을 보여준다.

데이터링크 트리거에 의한 IP 핸드오버 성능 개선 (Performance Improvement of IP Handover by Data Link Trigger)

  • 기장근;이규대
    • 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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    • 제16권1호
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    • pp.55-60
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    • 2016
  • 기존의 무선랜 모델에서는 현재 접속중인 AP가 송신하는 비콘 프레임의 수신이 일정 회수 이상 실패해야 새로운 AP를 찾는 스캔 절차가 시작된다. 이 경우 비콘 보다 길이가 큰 데이터 패킷은 비콘 손실이 발생하기 이전부터 이미 손실이 발생함으로 이동노드의 핸드오버 기간 중 많은 데이터 손실이 발생하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 비콘 프레임이 정상적으로 수신되는 경우에도 수신전력 레벨이 정해진 임계치보다 작고 동시에 이전 비콘 수신전력보다 작은 경우에 카운터 값을 증가시키고, 이 카운터 값이 정해진 값 이상이 되면 새로운 AP를 찾는 스캔 절차를 수행하도록 수정 모델을 개발하였다. 또한 비콘 수신전력 임계치 설정의 타당성을 검토하고, UDP와 TCP 트래픽 환경에서 성능향상 정도를 분석하였다.

Common Trigger Points on College-Level Athletes with Various Sports

  • Park, Joo-Hyun;Shin, Hee-Joon;Lee, Sa-Gyeom;Lee, Geon-Cheol;Yoon, Hee-Jong;Hong, Wan-Sung;Goo, Bong-Oh;Lee, Dong-Yeop;Shin, Hyung-Soo;Yoon, Bum-Chul
    • 국제물리치료학회지
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    • 제1권1호
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    • pp.58-64
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    • 2010
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of trigger points(TrPs) on athletes with various sporting background. To achieve the purpose, a study was carried out through a survey from 180 athletes involved in 6 selected sports at Yong-In University. Selected sports included Judo, Taekwondo, Kendo, Ssi-reum(Korean traditional wrestling), Boxing, and Golf. An interview type survey and physical examination were conducted with each thirty athletes from each of the selected sports groups. Technical statistic(SPSS 15.0) was used to analyze the distribution of TrPs on these athletes. The most common TrPs observed in muscles of Trapezius, Quadratus Lumborum, Quadriceps in Judo. In Taekwondo, it was on the trapezius and triceps surae. Kendo athletes had TrPs at sites of trapezius, brachioradialis and triceps surae. Ssirem athletes were found to have TrPs on trapezius, deltoid and quadrates lumborum. In boxers, TrPs appearing at trapezius and brachioradialis were observed. Finally, Golf players were seen to have TrPs at trapezius, quadrates lumborum and brachioradialis. Hence, the analysis shows that there are significant differences of the distribution of TrPs according to the different sport items of the athlete.

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한국에서 발생한 청천난류 사례들에 대한 수치연구 (A Numerical Study on Clear-Air Turbulence Events Occurred over South Korea)

  • 민재식;김정훈;전혜영
    • 대기
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    • 제22권3호
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    • pp.321-330
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    • 2012
  • Generation mechanisms of the three moderate-or-greater (MOG)-level clear-air turbulence (CAT) encounters over South Korea are investigated using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The cases are selected among the MOG-level CAT events occurred in Korea during 2002-2008 that are categorized into three different generation mechanisms (upper-level front and jet stream, anticyclonic flow, and mountain waves) in the previous study by Min et al. For the case at 0127 UTC 18 Jun 2003, strong vertical wind shear (0.025 $s^{-1}$) generates shearing instabilities below the enhanced upper-level jet core of the maximum wind speed exceeding 50 m $s^{-1}$, and it induces turbulence near the observed CAT event over mid Korea. For the case at 2330 UTC 22 Nov 2006, areas of the inertia instability represented by the negative absolute vorticity are formed in the anticyclonically sheared side of the jet stream, and turbulence is activated near the observed CAT event over southwest of Korea. For the case at 0450 UTC 16 Feb 2003, vertically propagating mountain waves locally trigger shearing instability (Ri < 0.25) near the area where the background Richardson number is sufficiently small (0.25 < Ri < 1), and it induces turbulence near the observed CAT over the Eastern mountainous region of South Korea.

BSML 기반 능동 트리거 규칙을 이용한 염기서열정보관리시스템의 구현 (Implementation of an Information Management System for Nucleotide Sequences based on BSML using Active Trigger Rules)

  • 박성희;정광수;류근호
    • 한국정보과학회논문지:데이타베이스
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    • 제32권1호
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    • pp.24-42
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    • 2005
  • 유전체 서열을 포함하는 생물정보는 지속적으로 변화하며 이질적이고 다양하다는 특성을 갖는다. 이러한 생물 정보의 특성을 반영한 관리시스템이 요구되지만 현재 대부분의 기존 생물정보 데이타베이스는 생물 데이타에 대한 저장소로만 이용된다. 따라서 이 논문에서는 생물학 연구실 수준에서 시퀀싱 실험을 통해 생산되거나 다양한 공개용 데이타베이스로부터 수집된 염기 서열 데이타를 파일 포맷 변환, 편집, 저장 및 검색을 수행하는 서열정보관리 시스템을 제시한다. 이질적인 서열 포맷간의 파일 변환을 위하여 XML기반 BSML을 공통 포맷으로 이용한다. 서열 저장관리에서는 동일한 DNA 조각에 대한 서열 구성의 변경정보를 저장하기 위해 서열 버전을 정의하고 능동 트리거 규칙을 이용하여 변경 정보 검출 및 생성 방법을 보여준다. 트리거 기능을 이용하여 서열의 변경 정보를 자동적으로 데이타베이스에서 저장관리 할 수 있음을 보이고 성능을 평가하였다.

The effects of active release technique on the gluteus medius for pain relief in persons with chronic low back pain

  • Tak, Sajin;Lee, Yongwoo;Choi, Wonjae;Lee, Gyuchang
    • Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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    • 제2권1호
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    • pp.27-30
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    • 2013
  • Objective: Low back pain is a primary of source of dysfunction and economic costs. Gluteus medius muscle co-activation and activity pattern change caused the low back pain. Active release technique (ART) is a patented, non-invasive, soft tissue treatment process that both locates and breaks down the scar tissue and adhesions. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects on chronic low back pain using ART on gluteus medius so that suggest usable treatment method for treating chronic low back pain. Design: One group pretest-posttest design. Methods: Twelve patients with chronic low back pain were participated in this study. Subjects in ART group were received 2 times a week for 3 weeks treatments with either ART on gluteus medius muscle trigger points. Outcome measures were conducted by pain intensity with a pain visual analogue scale and pressure pain threshold on gluteus medius. Results: Completion of the intervention, the visual analogue scale was decreased in ART group (p<0.05). Also pressure pain threshold was decreased in ART group (p<0.05). Conclusions: Our results suggest that the response to ART may be usable to treat low back pain. ART was presented to reduce pain level of low back in people with chronic low back pain. Further study is required to management for low back pain due to gluteus medius and more ART study.

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