• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.366-374
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• 2013

Maritime transportation circumstance is changing rapidly in accordance with the increase of cargo volume between countries and increase of marine leisure activities by improvement of quality of life. And the circumstance for ship operation is also changing due to aging of seafarers and increasing of foreign seafarers. To cope with such changes in maritime environment well, it requires higher safety management skills from shipping companies, the main subject in charge of the safety matter. In this paper, we analyzed domestic and foreign similar system, and then applied imitation strategies for introduction of an unific evaluation and management system that was consist of marine accidents, port state control, ISM Code and so on from shipping companies. We defined that the imitation industry and system are converted accident ration of construction industry and traffic safety excellence company of road transportation, and then extracted relevant law, evaluation index, incentive system as a imitation subject. We also proposed scheme that introduction of basis law, and evaluation tool with marine accidents ratio, port state control & ism code result, and incentives such as immunity of safety inspection or reduction of commission for introduction of company's safety management level evaluation system. Finally, we proposed the imitation timing and plan in stages for system's sustainable development through the prompt introduction and continuous enforcement.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5060-5065
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to report the incidence of drowning accident in order to prevent and decrease the accidents of drowning. Data were obtained on all accidents of drowning accidents occurred from January to December 2007 were identified by using the Emergency Activity Daily Report Data from the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA). The age, weather, date, location, time and case of the drowning accident were examined. The Chi-square test was used to compare each group. All comparisons were made at the p<0.05 level of significance. The result show that the age of drowning accidents for victims aged 20-29 was 27.9%, and for victims aged 30-39 years, 18.7%. In reguard to the age group, drowning accidents during recreational aquatic activity was age 20-39; 51(44.8%). In reguard to the locations, the number of drowning accidents in a lake or reservoir during recreational aquatic activity was 62(53.4%). The number of drowning accidents in a lake or reservoir during etc was 51(58%). In reguard to the days, the number of drowning accidents on Saturday during recreational aquatic activity was 30(25.8%), on Sunday 32(27.6%). The weather of drowning accidents during recreational aquatic activity was sunny 60(51.8%), rainy 40(34.4%), cloudy 16(13.8%). The season of drowning accidents during recreational aquatic activity was summer 53(45.7%). In reguard to season, two groups are significantly different. Drowning is a leading cause of injury related accidents. Understanding the characteristics of drowning is the first step to developing prevention strategies that may be beneficial for people of all ages and under nearly all circumstances are increased swimming ability, lifeguard staffing, providing life jackets, and public education activities.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.520-526
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• 2020

This study aimed to address the effect of poverty on depression and self-rated health in older adults living alone in Korea. In addition, this study identified the mediating effect of social participation on the poverty-depression and poverty-self-rated health relationships. The researcher conducted a secondary data analysis using the 6th wave of the Korean Longitudinal Study on Aging. The final sample was 1,093 older adults living alone. Using structural equation modeling, standardized coefficients of each path were analyzed. Then, the statistical significance of the mediating effect of social participation was addressed via analyzing direct, indirect, and total effects. Results show that older adults under poverty were more depressed and had a lower level of self-rated health than their counterparts. Moreover, frequent participation in religious gatherings, social gatherings, and leisure activities decreased depression in older adults living alone. Moreover, religious gatherings, social gatherings, and alumni meetings were positively related to self-rated health om older adults living alone. Significant mediating effects appeared in poverty-social gathering-depression, poverty-social gathering-self-rated health, and poverty-alumni meeting-self-rated health relationships. Based on the results, the researcher also discussed implications for social work practice.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.145-156
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• 2020

Recently, as a culture that values work-life balance has become more important in society as a whole, interest in hobbies and leisure activities that will enrich life is increasing. This phenomenon is due to an increase in platforms where people can enjoy and learn hobbies online. Among them, craft-related content is growing rapidly, and as offline education has been brought online, learning immersion has been reduced online. Therefore, in this study, we want to identify current problems in online and offline craft learning and seek ways to improve UI design to solve them. To this end, we conducted a literature survey on the online learning platform, online craft learning platform and UI design, and based on this, conducted case investigation and analysis to derive the third stage of the learning process of the online craft learning platform. Subsequent surveys showed that as a result, the online craft learning platform was able to find improvements in terms of differentiating the content exploration process, visualizing the craft progress stage, ease of working with video tools, and providing smooth feedback, and in addition to the need for a device for active learning. Through the results of this study, we hope to expand the craft content market by making it easier for users to enjoy the contents provided on the online craft learning platform.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.44-55
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• 2020

Objective : This study used the data of the National Statistical Office to analyze the time use of disabled youth and their self-satisfaction with it by their type of occupation. Methods : Using raw data extracted from Statistics Korea, 84 disabled youth from 10 to 24 years old were re-classified into six occupational areas based on Occupational Therapy Practice Framework (OTPF)-3. The occupational types were classified according to the time use by individuals based on data from Statistics Korea. Finally, according to the type of occupation, self-satisfaction with the use of time was identified. Results : The total amount of time spent by disabled youths was the largest in the rest and sleep categories, followed by daily living, education, leisure, social participation, and play. The analysis of occupational types showed that the groups were turned around (10.71% of participants), high activity group (50.00%), low activity (28.57%), and balanced (10.71%). There were significant differences between types in the first five of the aforementioned categories. There was no significant difference in the lack of time use, but there was a significant difference among their satisfaction with their use of time. The balanced type (21.53%) reported the most satisfaction. inadequacy Conclusion : The purpose of the project was to provide the raw data of intervention activities that can improve the quality of life and health of disabled youth. By analyzing their time use and occupations, deficiencies in time management and their satisfaction with their use of time can be noted.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.49-60
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• 2018

The role of the botanical garden in securing biodiversity, responding to climate change, and sustainable development in modern cities is becoming more important. Private botanical gardens that lead the domestic botanical culture are declining due to complex reasons such as an increase of tourist destinations, lack of policy support, lack of introduction of advanced management strategies, and similar leisure activities to national and public botanical gardens. The Private Botanical Garden not only has a large number of plant species with high conservation value, but also provides various public utilities as a cultural and educational space and government efforts are needed to activate the operation of this amenity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the value of public functions provided by private botanical gardens using the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). In this way, the government aims to provide a basis for policy and institutional support for private botanical gardens. The main results are as follows. First, public utility functions provided by private botanical gardens were recognized as 'preservation' (23.4%), 'recreation and tourism' (17.5%) and 'research' (16.6%) in order of analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Second, 'heritage value' (33.0%) and 'existence value' (32.5%) were recognized as significant among the values provided by private botanical gardens. Third, the willingness to pay (WTP) to preserve the public functions of the private botanical garden was 12,234 won. Based on this, the economic value of all private botanical gardens in the whole country was estimated, resulting in about 233.8 billion won. There is a need to revise laws and regulations related to financial support for the revitalization and quality improvement of private botanical gardens. It is also necessary to establish a cooperative operating system between national, public and private botanical gardens.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.95-115
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• 1980

Current statistics reveal remarkable prolongation of the average longevity in this country for the past decade. Welfare of the aged is no longer sole concern of the person or/and family. but has aroused social concern on the community and national level. This study was designed to assess social, economic and emotional needs of the aged. and to identify problems they are confronting. Data were gathered through questioning 273 subjects living in Seoul from July 25, to August 31. 19 80. Frequencies and percentile scores were analysed to describe the fact. and the significance of int or-variable differences was tested by Chi-square method. Results are : 1. Majority of the subjects (male : 65.38%). (female : 62.13%)“talk about past experiences”to re-collect their past days, the difference between male and female respondents was not significant. 2. Except few who earn their pocket money (4.21%). majority were doing household errands (34.52% ) and looking after their garnd children (29.26 ％）. Main sources of their pocket money revealed to be their children (84.02%) and their own savings (24.64% ). Except few (15％）engaged with social activities directly or indirectly. leisure hours are spent in chatting with aged neighbors (44.81%). Highest in the rank order on the joyous moments for the aged revealed to be when the members of family living apart paying a visit (male : 37.5%, female : 63.72%)difference of male and female was significant ( P<0.05). Among female respondents. significant difference between age group was revealed (p<0.05). 3. Majority prefered sin91e houses (84.30% ). as residential environment. the suburban (36.26% ) area was the filet in the rank order : difference between age group and the educational status were not significant. Majority of respondents revealed to have their own room in the house. The first preference was given to live with their children (68.86%). Memory of the past (37.36% )revealed to be the highest in the rank order among the reasons why they dislike moving the house. 4. Majority favored current welfare benefts provided for the old age. however. the ideal way to live at their old age they responded was to live on their own savings (50.54%). 5. Majority revealed to be daunted occasionally (62.27%) by not being less active (34.16%) socially and by poor physical health(29.75%). Male and female differ in the causes of loneliness significantly (P <0.001) : retirement (37.89%) in ale and helpessness (43.05%) in female revealed the highest in the rank order. Majority talk over their feelings with aged neighbors to overcome the loneliness. 6 Majority were in favor of planting and looking after pet animal in the house. however. male and female differ in the kind significantly (p <0.001), 7. Majority think about death and dying occasionally or more (84.11% ). Many of the respondents believes in the life after life (53.49%) : female revealed to be significantly higher (p <0.01). and subjects with christian belief were significantly higher than non-christians (P<0.001). Attitude towards death and dying differs significantly between male and female (P <0. 001) and between christians ans and nonchristians (p <0.001). Highest preference was given to simple funeral (69.85%). Precious heritage that they would pass on to their descendants was onoscience and ethical value(57. 51%) : christian response as the first value was christian belief (52.38%).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.295-312
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• 2004

This study is to investigate the trend of researches on food and culture from 1990 to 2003. With a literary approach, this paper analyzes how many papers were published and what was the major research subject. We classified the journals published during this time into 10 different categories and we are to grasp a research trend. 1) Historical approach on the traditional food and food habit; 2) Globalization of Koran food; 3) Use and preparation for traditional food; 4) Table setting and table manner; 5) Provincial cuisine; 6) Traditional festive food or celebratory meal; 7) Religious food; 8) Fusion food; 9) Food and culture in foreign countries and food habit of Korean people living abroad; 10) Studies related with satins out. It was revealed that 268 papers(=ps) were published. Eating out was the most frequently reported subject(100 ps), followed by provincial cuisine(54 ps), use and preparation for traditional food(49 ps), food habit for foreign people and Korean people living abroad(22 ps). Researches on these 4 topics have been accelerated since the late half of 1990s. This reflects the social factors such as rapid growth of food service industry, settlement of local autonomy, popularization of leisure activities and accelerated introduction of foreign food and culture. Half of the studies on the eating out dealt with eating out behavior. And 30 papers were reports on the food service industry situations. More than half of the studies on the provincial cuisine(26 ps) were concentrated on digging out recipes. Studies on the use and preparation for traditional food were mainly about what kind of food and how often the food is used(17 ps). Kimchi was the most frequently studied food. There were 11 papers regarding food and culture in foreign countries. Most of the authors were historians or linguists. Food habit of Korean people living abroad were investigated in 7 papers. There was few studies on fusion food, table setting and table manner. This doesn't meet with increasing demand for specialized information in then fields. Researches on the traditional festive food or celebratory meal(5 ps) and religious food(9 ps) were negligible. Papers on the historical approach to the traditional food and food habit were limited(12 ps). Moreover, most of them were patchwork of existing literatures. Continuous researches to exploit the historical facts based on literary proof should be tried with patience. Otherwise, the papers will copy the hackneyed knowledge repeatedly. Globalization of Korean food means the development of Korean food for foreign people and export of them worldwide. Only 16 papers were reported on this subject, 14 of them were published after 2000, 8 of them were surveys on the foreigners' food preference. In order to get practical informations on what we develope and how we sell for the foreign customers, profound research on their food habit should be done.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.29-38
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• 2008

This study intends to analyze the value of school forests, one type of urban forest. For this purpose, four attributes of school forests were investigated, considering ecological, educational, social and economic values using a conjoint model as the stated preference. Based on literature reviews, the levels of the four attributes were selected, and a questionnaire survey was given to 279 urban residents divided into 2 groups: those impacted by school forests and those not. The study results suggest that the most important attribute of school forests is economic value, and next is ecological, social and educational value according to the part-worth model. The fitness level of the model is 0.900(total group) which is very significant. As for the economic value, free and 1,000 won are more critical factors than the other 2 levels, 5,000 won and 10,000 won and air pollution purification and making the school landscape are more critical factors than small habitats and microclimate factors. In addition, regarding the social value related to residents' leisure activities，the utility of nature observation is higher than walking and exercising. Finally, for educational value, understanding nature's importance is more critical than the emotions and learning of students. The estimated WTP per household/month is 3,580 won, the group related to school forestsis 3,650 won and the non-related group is 3,540 won. Based on these results, the estimated total economic value of all households per year is 6,820 hundred million won. The group related to school forests is 6,970 hundred million won and the non-related group is 6,750 hundred million won.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.157-168
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• 2009

The random utility theory and the multinomial logit model (including a more recent variant--the mixed multinomial logit) derived from it have constituted a back bone for theoretical and empirical analyses of various travel demand features including mode choice. In their empirical applications, however, it is customary to specify random utilities which are linear in modal attributes such as time and cost, and in socio-economic variables. The linearity helps easy derivation of important information such as value of travel time savings by calculating marginal rate of substitution between time and cost. In this paper the author focuses on the very linearity of the random utilities. Taking into account the fact that the mode chooser is also labour supplier, commodity consumer as well as leisure-seeker, the author sets up a maximization model of the traveller, which encompasses various economic activities of the traveller. The author derive from the model the indifference curve defined on the space of modal attributes, time and cost and investigate under what conditions the random utility of the traveller becomes linear. It turns out that there exist the conditions under which the random utility is really linear in modal attributes, but the property does not hold when the traveller has a corner solution on the space of modal attributes, or when the primary utility function of the traveller is directly affected by labour provided and/or the travel time itself. As a corollary of the analysis, a random utility is suggested, approximated up to the second order of the variables involved for empirical studies of the field.