• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.724-731
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• 2009

Anthocyanins are considered one of the main color determinants in aged red wine. The anthocyanins in aged red wine made from 'Cabernet Gernischet' (Vitis vinifera L. cv.) grape were investigated by high performance liquid chromatography- electronic spray ionization- mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) and their color presented in aqueous solution were evaluated using partial least square regression (PLS). The results showed that there were 37 anthocyanins identified in this wine, including 22 pyranoanthocyanins. The analysis of PLS indicated that different anthocyanins showed distinct color values: malvidin 3-O-(6-O-acetyl)-glucoside-4-vinylguaiacol (Mv3-acet-glu-vg) presented the highest color values, while malvidin 3-O-glucoside (Mv3-glu) showed least. Among the free non-acylated anthocyanins, peonidin 3-O-oglucoside (Pn3-glu) showed the highest color values; the coumarylated anthocyanins presented higher color values than their corresponding acetylated anthocyanins and parent anthocyanins; pyranoanthocyanins presented also higher color values than their original anthocyanins; the color of anthocyanins depended on their structure. This work will be helpful to reveal evolution in aged red wine.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 2008

Chimera grid methods have been widely used in Computational Fluid Dynamics due to its simplicity in constructing grid systems over complex bodies, and suitability for unsteady flow computations with bodies in relative motion. However, the interpolation procedure for ensuring the continuity of the solution over overlapped regions fails when the so-called orphan cells are present. We have adopted the MLS(Moving Least Squares) method to replace commonly used linear interpolations in order to alleviate the difficulty associated with the orphan cells. MLS is one of the interpolation methods used in mesh-less methods. A number of examples with MLS are presented to show the validity and the accuracy of the method.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.17-22
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• 2007

Chimera grid Method is widely used in Computational Fluid Dynamics due to its simplicity in constructing grid system over complex bodies. Especially, Chimera grid method is suitable for unsteady flow computations with bodies in relative motions. However, interpolation procedure for ensuring continuity of solution over overlapped region fails when so-call orphan cells are present. We have adopted MLS(Moving Least Squares) method to replace commonly used linear interpolations in order to alleviate the difficulty associated with orphan cells. MSL is one of interpolation methods used in mesh-less methods. A number of examples with MLS are presented to show the validity and the accuracy of the method.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.452-461
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• 1998

The pin power distribution is determined by analyzing the rotational gamma scanning data for 36 element fuel bundle of HANARO. A fission monitor of Nb$^{95}$ is chosen by considering the criteria of the half-life, fission yield, emitting ${\gamma}$-ray energy and probability. The ${\gamma}$-ray spectra were measured in Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute(KAERI) by using a HPGe detector and by rotating the fuel bundle at steps of 10$^{\circ}$. The counting rates of Nb$^{95}$ 766 keV ${\gamma}$-rays are determined by analyzing the full absorption peak in the spectra. A 36$\times$36 response matrix is obtained from calculating the contribution of each rod at every scanning angle by assuming 2-dimensional and parallel beam approximations for the measuring geometry. In terms of the measured counting rates and the calculated response matrix, an inverse problem is set up for the unknown distribution of activity concentrations of pins. To select a suitable solving method, the performances of three direct methods and the iterative least-square method are tested by solving simulation examples. The final solution is obtained by using the iterative least-square method that shows a good stability. The influences of detection error, step size of rotation and the collimator width are discussed on the accuracy of the numerical solution. Hence an improvement in the accuracy of the solution is proposed by reducing the collimator width of the scanning arrangement.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.467-473
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• 2007

In this paper, we present a position-based robot hand tracking scheme where a pan-tilt camera is controlled such that a robot hand is always shown in the center of an image frame. We calculate the rotation angles of a pan-tilt camera by transforming the coordinate systems. In order to identify the model parameters, we applied two optimization techniques: a nonlinear least square optimizer and a particle swarm optimizer. From the simulation results, it is shown that the considered parameter identification problem is characterized by a highly multimodal landscape; thus, a global optimization technique such as a particle swarm optimization could be a promising tool to identify the model parameters of a robot hand tracking system, whereas the nonlinear least square optimizer often failed to find an optimal solution even when the initial candidate solutions were selected close to the true optimum.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.212-219
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• 2002

In this paper, the epipolar geometry, genera17y used as a pin-hole camera model, is newly adapted to our proposed method that enables the affine reconstruction of the 3D object from two projected views. The proposed method models the projective projection of inherent X-ray imaging system, obviates the need to attach artifirially constructed material on the body, and requires none of the prior-knowledge regarding to intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of two X-ray imaging systems. The optimum numerical solution is obtained by applying the least mean square estimator to corresponding points on two projected X-ray planes. The performance of this proposed method is Quantitatively analyzed using computer synthesized model of Cochlear implantation electrodes. In simulated experiments, the propnsed method is insensitive to the added random noise, the scaling factor change, the center point change, and rotational angular change between two projection planes, as well as enables the stable 3D reconstruction in least square sense even in worst testing cases.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.111-114
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• 2000

본 논문은 선형모델의 모델 계수의 결정방법으로 사용되는 최소자승법 (Least Squares Method, LSM)의 단점을 해결하기 위해 해석적으로 계산된 자료를 함께 적용하는 방법과 원자로의 출력분포 측정을 위한 SAM (Shape Annealing Matrix) 결정에 적용한 결과를 기술하고 있다. 해석적 자료를 함께 적용할 경우 연료 연소에 따른 원자로 특성변화를 적절히 반영하여 LSM 추정치의 정확도를 크게 개선할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1988.10a
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• pp.246-249
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• 1988

In this paper, a new design technique which uses weighted least-sqare approach for the solution of the pole assignment problem is represented. This technique maybe used to assign some closed loop poles to places which reduce the large system input and output variance due to near pole-zero condition. The least-square approach is also applied to the design of servo self-tuning controller with integrator.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.130-130
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• 2003

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics S
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• v.35S no.10
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• pp.175-185
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• 1998

In this paper, we studied some design methodologies of typical FIR filters based on the peak-error constrained least square criterion which was first introducedd by Adams in 1991. This method is a mixed type of the classical least squared error method(LSM) and the so-called min-max error method (MMM). And by considering both the least squared error as well as the maximum error, the solution, i.e. the impulse response of the filter, can be found only when the restrictions on maximum gain, transition bandwidth, and the squared error are satisfied simultaneously under some trade-off conditions. We used the multiple exchange algorithms for optimization procedure and applied the design methodology to the cases of the multiband filter, the differentiator, and the Hilbert transformer by taking the balance of two design criteria into account. The results show that the peak-error constrained least weighted square error design method(PLEM) is superior in performance to the existing LSM and MMM from both the squared error and the maximum error standpoints. And it is verified that PLEM can be applied to not only the case of simple low pass filter, but also to various types of FIR filters.