• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.341-347
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• 2011

Objective : The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of atlantoaxial stabilization using a new entry point for C2 pedicle screw fixation. Methods : Data were collected from 44 patients undergoing posterior C1 lateral mass screw and C2 screw fixation. The 20 cases were approached by the Harms entry point, 21 by the inferolateral point, and three by pars screw. The new inferolateral entry point of the C2 pedicle was located about 3-5 mm medial to the lateral border of the C2 lateral mass and 5-7 mm superior to the inferior border of the C2-3 facet joint. The screw was inserted at an angle $30^{\circ}$ to $45^{\circ}$ toward the midline in the transverse plane and $40^{\circ}$ to $50^{\circ}$ cephalad in the sagittal plane. Patients received followed-up with clinical examinations, radiographs and/or CT scans. Results : There were 28 males and 16 females. No neurological deterioration or vertebral artery injuries were observed. Five cases showed malpositioned screws (2.84%), with four of the screws showing cortical breaches of the transverse foramen. There were no clinical consequences for these five patients. One screw in the C1 lateral mass had a medial cortical breach. None of the screws were malpositioned in patients treated using the new entry point. There was a significant relationship between two group (p=0.036). Conclusion : Posterior C1-2 screw fixation can be performed safely using the new inferolateral entry point for C2 pedicle screw fixation for the treatment of high cervical lesions.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.105-116
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• 2001

We examined and referred to some literatures on the meaning, Dai meridian and Meridian points of joining with circulation of Dai meridian through literatures of every generation. And then we came to get a few conclusions as follows. 1. Dai meridian starts below the hypochondriac region. Running obliquely downward, it runs transversely around the waist like a belt. Its function is to bind up all the meridians to circulate in a proper way. 2. The coalescent points of dai meridian are $D\grave{a}im\grave{a}i$(帶脈), $W\check{u}sh\bar{u}$(五樞) and $W\acute{e}id\grave{a}o$(維道). 3. Location of $D\grave{a}im\grave{a}i$(帶脈) is on the lateral side of the abdomen, 1.8 cun below $Zh\bar{a}ngm\grave{e}n$(章門), at the crossing point of vertical line through the free end of the 11th rib and a horizontal line through the umbilicus. Location of $W\check{u}sh\bar{u}$(五樞) is on the lateral side of the abdomen, anterior to the anterosuperior iliac spine, 3 cun below the level of the umbilicus. Location of $W\acute{e}id\grave{a}o$(維道) is on the lateral side of the abdomen, anterior and inferior to the anterosuperior iliac spine, 0.5 cun anterior and inferior to $W\check{u}sh\bar{u}$(五樞). 4. Indication of $D\grave{a}im\grave{a}i$(帶脈) is irregular menstruation, leukorrhea with reddish discharge, hernia, pain in the lumbar and hypochondriac region. Indication of $W\check{u}sh\bar{u}$(五樞) is prolapse of the uterus, leukorrhea with reddish discharge, irregular menstruation, hernia, pain in the lower abdomen, constipation and lumbosacral pain. Indication of $W\acute{e}id\grave{a}o$(維道) is edema, pain in the side of the lower abdomen, prolapse of the uterus, hernia and morbid leukorrhea. 5. The Dai meridian binds all meridians, produces pregnancy, grasps lumbar and abdomen region and controls leukorrhea. 6. Diseases of the Dai meridian manifested as distention and fullness in the lumbar region and abdomen, leukorrhea with reddish discharge, pain the navel, lumbar and spinal regions, flaccidity and hypoactivity of the lower limbs, etc.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2021

Surgical treatments for chronic lateral ankle instability include anatomic repair, anatomic reconstruction using an auto or allograft, non-anatomic reconstruction, and arthroscopic repair. Open anatomic repair using the native ligament with or without reinforcement of the inferior extensor retinaculum is commonly performed in patients with sufficient ligament quality. Non-anatomical reconstruction using the adjacent peroneus brevis tendon is typically used only in patients with poor-quality ligament remnants or when previous repair failed. Anatomical reconstruction can be considered in patients in whom anatomical repair is expected to fail and when performed using auto or allografts can provide good to excellent short-term results, although the long-term outcomes of these methods remain unclear. Arthroscopic repair can provide good to excellent short-term clinical outcomes, but evidence supporting this technique is limited. The advantages and disadvantages of various surgical methods should be compared, and appropriate treatment should be implemented based on patient characteristics.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.351-354
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• 2011

Objective : This investigation was conducted to evaluate a new, safe entry point for the C2 pedicle screw, determined using the anatomical landmarks of the C2 lateral mass, the lamina, and the isthmus of the pars interarticularis. Methods : Fifteen patients underwent bilateral C1 lateral mass-C2 pedicle screw fixation, combined with posterior wiring. The C2 pedicle screw was inserted at the entry point determined using the following method : 4 mm lateral to and 4 mm inferior to the transitional point (from the superior end line of the lamina to the isthmus of the pars interarticularis). After a small hole was made with a high-speed drill, the taper was inserted with a 30 degree convergence in the cephalad direction. Other surgical procedures were performed according to Harm's description. Preoperatively, careful evaluation was performed with a cervical X-ray for C1-C2 alignment, magnetic resonance imaging for spinal cord and ligamentous structures, and a contrast-enhanced 3-dimensional computed tomogram (3-D CT) for bony anatomy and the course of the vertebral artery. A 3-D CT was checked postoperatively to evaluate screw placement Results : Bone fusion was achieved in all 15 patients (100%) without screw violation into the spinal canal, vertebral artery injury, or hardware failure. Occipital neuralgia developed in one patient, but this subsided after a C2 ganglion block. Conclusion : C2 transpedicular screw fixation can be easily and safely performed using the entry point of the present study. However, careful preoperative radiographic evaluation, regardless of methods, is mandatory.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 2014

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the pattern of lingual split line when performing a bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) for asymmetric prognathism. This was accomplished with the use of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and three-dimensional (3D) software program. Materials and Methods: The study group was comprised of 40 patients (20 males and 20 females) with asymmetric prognathism, who underwent BSSO (80 splits; n=80) from January 2012 through June 2013. We observed the pattern of lingual split line using CBCT data and image analysis program. The deviated side was compared to the contralateral side in each patient. To analyze the contributing factors to the split pattern, we observed the position of the lateral cortical bone cut end and measured the thickness of the ramus that surrounds the mandibular lingula. Results: The lingual split patterns were classified into five types. The true "Hunsuck" line was 60.00% (n=48), and the bad split was 7.50% (n=6). Ramal thickness surrounding the lingual was $5.55{\pm}1.07$ mm (deviated) and $5.66{\pm}1.34$ mm (contralateral) (P =0.409). The position of the lateral cortical bone cut end was classified into three types: A, lingual; B, inferior; C, buccal. Type A comprised 66.25% (n=53), Type B comprised 22.50% (n=18), and Type C comprised 11.25% (n=9). Conclusion: In asymmetric prognathism patients, there were no differences in the ramal thickness between the deviated side and the contralateral side. Furthermore, no differences were found in the lingual split pattern. The lingual split pattern correlated with the position of the lateral cortical bone cut end. In addition, the 3D-CT reformation was a useful tool for evaluating the surgical results of BSSO of the mandible.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.153-159
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• 2020

Background Perforator artery flaps based on the branches of intercostal arteries and lateral thoracic artery can be used for reconstruction after breast-conserving surgery (BCS). Although described more than a decade ago, these have not been adopted widely in clinical practice. We report on short-term and long-term surgical outcomes of partial breast reconstruction using chest wall perforator flaps from a prospective multicenter audit. Methods All patients operated for BCS and partial breast reconstruction using intercostal artery perforator or lateral thoracic artery perforator flaps from January 2015 to October 2018 were included in the analysis. Oncoplastic breast surgeons with appropriate level of training performed all tumor excisions and reconstructions as a single-stage procedure. Patient characteristics, treatment details and surgical outcomes were noted. Specific outcomes recorded were margin re-excision and complication rates. Results One hundred and twelve patients underwent the procedure in the given study period. The median age was 54 years. Median specimen weight was 62.5 g and median volume of excision was 121.4 mL. Fifteen patients (13.39%) underwent a margin re-excision for close or positive margins without additional morbidity. One patient required a completion mastectomy. Eight patients (7.14%) had an early complication. None of the patients required a contralateral symmetrization procedure. The results were comparable across the participating centers. Conclusions Chest wall artery perforator-based flaps are an excellent option for lateral and inferior quadrant partial breast reconstructions. The short and long-term surgical outcomes are comparable across sites and can be performed with minimal morbidity. Patient-reported outcome measures need to be studied.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.32-40
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• 2009

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to determine the intertester and intratester reliabilities of the Lateral Scapular Slide Test (LSST) method, and to examine if significant differences existed in scapular positions among the pain groups (right-shoulder pain group, left-shoulder, pain group and both-shoulders pain group). 27 female subjects (mean age = 51.6, mean height = 157.7 cm, mean weight = 57.5 kg) with shoulder pain were recruited for this study. Methods: The bilateral distances between the root of the scapular spine and T3/4 (RSS), and between the inferior scapular angle and T7/8 (IA), were recorded. Subjects were tested at three positions: the with arms with abducted at 0, 45 and 90 degrees in the coronal plane. The LSST measurements were performed by two testers, selected randomly. Results: The results were as follows: Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for the intertester reliability were excellent (ICC 0.78-0.94). And the ICCs for the intratester reliability were excellent (ICC 0.83-0.99). In the right-shoulder and both-shoulders pain groups, the right-side RSS and IA values of right side were significantly greater than of the left-side RSS values left side for the arms abducted at 0 degrees of right shoulder pain group and both shoulder pain group (p<.05). However, the side-to-side difference was less than 1.5 cm. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the LSST is highly reliable in identifying the abnormal scapular position of patients with shoulder problems. Future research should be continued to clarify the clinical usefulness of this method.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.88-99
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• 2021

Purpose: Direct intraoral scanning and superimposing methods have recently been applied to measure the dimensions of periodontal tissues. The aim of this study was to analyze various correlations between labial gingival thickness and underlying alveolar bone thickness, as well as clinical parameters among 3 tooth types (central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines) using a digital method. Methods: In 20 periodontally healthy subjects, cone-beam computed tomography images and intraoral scanned files were obtained. Measurements of labial alveolar bone and gingival thickness at the central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines were performed at points 0-5 mm from the alveolar crest on the superimposed images. Clinical parameters including the crown width/crown length ratio, keratinized gingival width, gingival scallop, and transparency of the periodontal probe through the gingival sulcus were examined. Results: Gingival thickness at the alveolar crest level was positively correlated with the thickness of the alveolar bone plate (P<0.05). The central incisors revealed a strong correlation between labial alveolar bone thickness at 1 and 2 mm, respectively, inferior to the alveolar crest and the thickness of the gingiva at the alveolar crest line (G0), whereas G0 and labial bone thickness at every level were positively correlated in the lateral incisors and canines. No significant correlations were found between clinical parameters and hard or soft tissue thickness. Conclusions: Gingival thickness at the alveolar crest level revealed a positive correlation with labial alveolar bone thickness, although this correlation at identical depth levels was not significant. Gingival thickness, at or under the alveolar crest level, was not associated with the clinical parameters of the gingival features, such as the crown form, gingival scallop, or keratinized gingival width.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.88-92
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• 1998

The course of the sural nerve in the calf has been well documented, but there is a general lack of information concerning the distal course of the nerve. The purpose of this study was to describe the distal course of the sural nerve and its surgical implications. Seven fresh amputated specimens were dissected to show the anatomy of the sural nerve in the foot and ankle. At the level of about 10cm proximal to the plantar surface, the sural nerve coursed anteriorly and inferiorly away from the Achilles tendon. 2 to 4 lateral calcaneal branches arose. The first branch of the lateral calcaneal branches coursed along the lateral border of the Achilles tendon, and it arose at 8cm proximal to the plantar surface in 2 specimens, 12cm proximal to the plantar surface in 4 specimens, and at 12cm proximal to the plantar surface in one specimen. The main nerve trunk continued distally plantar to the peroneal tendons and divided into two terminal branches and crossed peroneus longus tendon at the level of the inferior border of the calcaneo-cuboid joint, at about 3cm(range, $2.5\sim3.0$)cm from the plantar surface. In conclusion, a longitudinal incision lateral to the Achilles tendon would cross the path of the sural nerve at about 10cm proximal to the plantar surface. When the first branch of them arise more than 10cm above the plantar surface, a logitudinal incision lateral to the Achilles tendon may be made without damage. The other lateral calcaneal branches will be cut when we make transverse incision paralled to the plantar surface. The terminal branch also may be in danger by the same transverse incision.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.81-87
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• 1996

We studied the clinical charcteristics of 265 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinomas diagnosed at Korea Cancer Center Hospital over a span of 8 years from Jan. 1987. Male were 187 and Female were 78 and male: female ratio was 2.4 : 1. The age distribution ranged from 2nd decade to 9th decade evenly and mean age was 46.1 years old. Histopathologically squamous cell carcinoma (WHO type 1, 2, 60.8%) were 161 cases and undifferentiated carcinoma (WHO type 3, 39.2%) were 104 cases. Main symptoms and signs were neck mass 199 cases (75.1%), ear symptoms 126(47.5%), nasal symptom 101 (38.1%). The distribution of anatomical subsites were posterior wall 75 (24.7%), lateral wall 175 (72.8%), Inferior wall 15 (2.5%). Tumor staging by AJCC classification, 1992, distributed with stage I 3 cases (1.1%), stage II 5 cases (1.9%), stage III 24 cases (9.1%), stage IV 233 cases (87.9%).