• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.103-111
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• 2024

This study was conducted to identify the differences in physiological and psychological effects between artificial and natural plants. Artificial and natural plant pots consisting of the same species and forms were prepared, and 40 subjects were asked to look at these plants for 3 min, and psychological responses were measured. Semantic differential, profile of mood states, and positive and negative affect schedule were used as psychological response measurement scales. As a result, regardless of the difference in plant material, as plants were viewed, negative emotions decreased in psychological terms. This result suggests that artificial plants can replace natural plants and that the use of artificial plants can be improved if planting natural plants is difficult because there is no difference in the psychological effects provided by artificial and natural plants.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.81-103
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• 1994

In recent years, the visual characteristics of natural open space and greenbelt surrounding the urban landscapes have been changed with sprawling of residential areas and highrised residential buildings. Since these natural areas being the background element of residential areas are topographically sloped mountains in many cities. It is easy to be seen in the distance and it is important to preserve these areas as a visual infrastructure of the urban landscape. The purposes of this study are to extract the factors of landscape impact evaluation for these areas and to clarify the physical landscape variables representing these factors, and to infer the visual-perceptional relationships between image and landscape variables. As results, conceptional three factors were extracted with semantic differential evaluation to classified 18 landscape slide, and three regression models were established with factor score of landscapes and physical variables measured in photographs. On the basis of these relationships, visual-perceptional characteristics were discussed by analyzing the data form eye-movement recording to each of landscapes. The factors of "spatial unfolding of backdropped hilly greenspace", "horizontal quence of residential buildings", and "landscape complexity" prove to be important. And it prove important variables of "skyline of mountainous ridge" and "visual edge of building structure" in regression models and eye fixation movements.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.20-27
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to investigate and compare the validity and the reliability of the visual simulation method using the internet. For this. the evaluation of the artificial and natural landscape through the medium of color slides are compared with the internet survey. Data is analysed through the comparison of t-test between the two media by landscape type, and spatial image is analysed by factor analysis algorithm. Principle component analysis using Varimax Method is applied for extraction and factor rotation respectively. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; There are no statistical differences between the two methods with artificial and natural landscape in the total data that included second tests. Factors covering the spatial image are found to be \`aesthetic\`, \`spatial shape\`, and \`familiarity\`. Total variance is obtained as 66.4%. There are no statistical differences between the two methods in 2/3 of the cases. In the case of far view of artificial landscape, the results of the t-test show that the two methods are exactly the same. Especially in the case of the artificial far landscape shows no difference of all factors between two methods. There are no differences between first and second tests of the same media and the same landscape type. And it shows the reliability of this method. These results suggest that the probability that the internet can be used as a medium of landscape evaluation and gathering information on anyone\`s landscape image. Simulation techniques with the internet survey method should be further developed for practical application.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.77-85
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• 2017

In order to preserve beautiful coastal areas landscapes of Jeju Island's the landscape resource, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province is dedicated to protecting the landscape through legal regulations and deliberations. However, the Coastal Landscape of Jeju Island was continuously damaged by due to increased tourist and high development pressure. Based on buildings along the Coastal Road in Aeowal of Jeju Island, this study focused on Management Status of Coastal Areas Landscapes through the Analysis of Building Landscape Elements. As a result, 1) It was effective to limit the use and scale of buildings through legal regulations such as Use zoning. 2) The result of analysis on the physical landscape elements of buildings showed some of the them have the damage values despite passing the review of Architecture Committee. Therefore Landscape Policies required institutional maintenance. 3) As physical landscape Elements of buildings is a minimum quantitation criterion of not less than 1.5 for D/H, or less than a factor of $27^{\circ}$ for angle of elevation and not less than 7.8m for elevation blockage ratio was presented as a criterion for preventing damage to the minimum Coastal Landscape.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.111-120
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• 2015

In this study, the general structure of the landscape architecture industry was considered through analysis of advertisements in the landscape architecture magazine, 'Environment & Landscape Architecture', and the transition process and factors of landscape facilities were analyzed. Based on this result, the direction of future landscape facilities and basic data were suggested. When analyzing the advertisements that have been published in 'Environment & Landscape Architecture' for 30 years, outdoor facilities were depicted at a frequency of 1,853 times and among them, rest facilities and convenience facilities were depicted 1,457 times and 378 times, respectively. The reason why outdoor facilities have a far higher advertisement frequency than other landscape facilities is they were highly influenced by the house construction-related government policy, which resulted from the expansion of the rest facility industry along with regional expansion to public design. Moreover, it was found that wood and steel were mainly used to make pergolas and benches, which are rest facilities, and polycarbonate, with high economic efficiency and durability, was used the most as a roofing material for pergolas. This study attempts to explore the tendency of landscape facilities and the changes in the detail of their types by analyzing the stream of landscape facilities diachronically, based on the advertisements published in a representative magazine of landscape architecture.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.18 no.3 s.39
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• pp.23-37
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• 1990

The purpose of this study was to suggest, an ameliorated, 'standard of estimated unit manpower & material' in the Landscape Planting Work. To achieve this goal of this study, following process was performed to reach more advanced results. First, relevant domestic & foreign references were gathered & analyzed with a viewpoint of the system & contents within, Second, most similar foreign country‘s relevant 10 forms & actual site were surveyed, Third, actual site data were collected from the 17 selected landscape Planting sites Fourth, the collected data from reference study & actual site survey were analyzed and calculated. And Finally, analyzed data were reorganized & rearranged in good order with 3 principles to produce more ameliorated 'Standard of estimated unit manpower & material' in the landscape Planting Work. The suggested main results of this study include, 1. Reorganization of current system to transplanting(includes excavation & root ball wrapping), planting(includes tree & shrub), turfing & maintenance 2. Deletion of the Range of 'account of labor' & simultaneous distribution of 'account of labor' with a proposed regular ratio 3. Adjustment of the range of the plant's size 4. Amelioration of the level of 'Account of labor' 5. New establishment in maintenance items as Watering, Fertilizing & spraying chemicals on turf area. 6. Readjustment & new establishment of the backfill volume. 7. Actualization, readjustment & new establishment of the transportation amount.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.71-80
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to suggest the criteria for the damaged mountainous landscape based on the shape, location and ratio of damaged landscape. For the study, the preference and landscape adjectives were analyzed on visual images and simulations. The variables for analysis were the amount of the damaged ratio(10%, 30%, 50%), the location of the damage (upper, middle, lower) and the various forms of the damage(spot, line, area). According to the results of this study, in accordance with the amount of damage, the visual preference recorded its lowest with the a rate of 50%. As for the location of the damage, the lower-ridge of the mountain showed the highest preference, and the upper-ridge was recorded as the lowest. The linear damage type showed the highest preference. On the other hand, the spotted damage type showed lowest. The results indicate that the visual preference increases when there is a lower ratio of damage, as the damage locates at the lower-ridge, and also when there is a presence of linear formation development. The group of linear formation-the lower ridge-10% showed the highest preference, and the group of linear formation-the mid ridge-50% was the lowest with the results of 3-way ANOVA. The group of linear formation-lower ridge-10% in particular had virtually no differences of visual preference when it was compared with the original scene. The damage with the spotted formation, on the mid-upper location and the high ratio of damage were analyzed as factors that give negative influence on the mountainous landscape. The main features of mountainous landscape were reduced into two factors, 'total estimation' and 'spatial scale' by the factor analysis with total variance of 65.96%.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.80-86
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• 2012

This study is about selecting Landscape Viewpoint on Bukchon Hanok Village, Jongno-Gu, Seoul. The process on selecting photo spots was focused on visualizing elements, and it was hard to find an objective standard for selecting landscape viewpoint. Therefore, by literature review and site study, this study selects more objective and empirical Landscape View Point on Bukchon. Landscape Viewpoint Standards are Traditional Hanok Landscape, Historical Heritage Landscape, Alley Street Landscape, City Architecture Landscape, and Natural Forest Landscape. By Landscape Preference and Character of Place survey, this study finds out another Landscape Viewpoint and correlation of those variables. A coefficient of correlation is 0.846, and its correlation is considerably high. Through this result, it could provide a concrete standard for selecting Landscape View Point and a preliminary information for finding Landscape View Point on Histo-Cultural area.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.50-63
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• 2014

Since the new millennium, BIM has been widely adopted to improve productivity in the field of architecture, engineering, and construction with the government policies of each country. After its first introduction into the field of landscape architecture in USA, BIM has been debated on its merits and limitations mainly by the European countries' academic and, at the same time, practical worlds. However, little attention has been paid to BIM, in particular, in the field of landscape architecture in Korea leaving many issues to solve to fully utilize BIM. The purpose of this study is to present the main issues and strategic agenda for the successful introduction of BIM in landscape architecture in Korea. This study shows that the new derived word of LIM(Landscape Information Modeling) instead of BIM appeared in the field of landscape architecture. Then, this paper discusses the main issues on standardization and interoperability in the adoption of LIM to create, integrate, and reuse landscape information. Finally, four strategic agenda are presented to successfully introduce LIM into the domestic field of landscape architecture by reviewing the societies of the landscape discipline in UK and Norway that play a leading role by organizing BIM working groups.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.98-108
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• 2003

The research purpose of this study, together with the study of Frank Stella's work and his expansion of the formative arts field, is to rediscover "Amabel" and to present a fresh perspective in evaluating and assessing environmental art objects. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. 1. The study investigated the effect how Frank Stella's work affected American modem art trends. 2. The study helped to re-evaluate Stella's work by examining its expansion into the plastic arts. 3. The study analysed the plastic works of Prank Stella and his effect on plastic arts within the modem art trend of America. In conclusion, Frank Stella played a leading role in today's American art style and had a potent influence on the trends of America's modem U. In recent years, his work has had an impacted on the design of parks and art galleries. America's industrial society is led by the growth of economic power and the development of science and technology. In America's architecture and landscape architecture, such new forms as minimalism functionalism, cubism and abstract expressionism, which have been influenced by art movements, emerged in California and the east coast. Influences of Stella such as these are the remedy for a vested stubborn concept of architecture and landscape architecture by introducing a sense of pictorial space in these fields. In landscape architecture, the introduction of art trends appears in several ways. Mainly the trend of Minimalist Art, influenced by Modernism, can be seen in much Landscape Architecture. Frank Stella contributed to the development of such minimalist art.