• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.681-698
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• 2016

With increasing public concern for environmentally friendly agriculture, ecological aspect of landscape management is of growing importance. AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) analysis were conducted based on the delphi survey of 31 experts to evaluate the relative importance and the preference of landscape elements. Landscape components of organic farmland were classified into 2 landscape fields, 5 landscape types, 14 landscape units, and 37 landscape elements. Overall relevance score for the proposed landscape components were about 5.5 on the seven point scale. While the relative importance weight of cropland landscape field was 0.71, the weight of intra-structure landscape field was 0.29. Among the cropland landscape, relatively higher weight was assigned to farming system (0.47) and margins (0.31), as compared with hydrological system (0.22). In the farming system, crop (0.40) and farm land (0.39) were the most important landscape units. In the margins, higher weight was given to Buffer zone (0.44) and Trees (0.42). Biological habitat (0.43) ranked the highest score in the hydrological system. Preferable landscape elements were glass house, companion plants, rice paddy field, diverse crop species, small pond, and small river, which are representing ecological advantage of organic farming systems. This result indicated that the landscape elements identified in the study would be suitable to evaluate ecological aspect of rural landscape in organic farmland.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.92-102
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• 2004

In this study, landscape changes were examined by periods through the analysis of visual quantity on the landscape components of national road including the mountains, the sky, road pavements, street trees, paddy fields and dry fields, billboard, telegraph pole, building, structure, slope, guard fence, soundproof wall, and median strip etc. For this, subject national road in suburb arreas was selected to grasp its landscape characteristics, and divisional criteria of landscape type of the national road were suggested to look into the trend of landscape changes by periods. Findings of this study are as follows：1.Divisional criteria of landscape type of the national road include location and geometry, structure, land use, perspective, and surrounding buildings of the national road. 2.The highest visual quantity was found in road pavements by periods among landscape components of the national road. It was found that this result has a thread of connection with previous study emphasizing the importance of road geometry as one of landscape components, and road geometry shall be regarded as a visually significant component in analyzing and evaluating landscape of the national road. 3.Most distinguished factors of landscape changes of the national road by periods were median strip(F＝33.296) and street tree(F＝32.881), and then the sky(F＝24.735) and mountain(F＝23.477) showed similar level of statistically significant difference. However, statistically significance difference was not found in buildings and structures. 4.It was shown that natural elements decreased gradually but structural landscape made of artificial elements became the main in construction of the national road. This result implies that although the scenic and ecological soundness is recognized in construction of the national road, it is not out of the limitation of functionalities that is, access and mobility.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.68-76
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• 2013

Effortful directed attention becomes fatigued if it is demanded by environment. Kaplan and Kaplan's Attention Restoration Theory (ART) proposes that the fatigued directed attention can be restored by a restorative landscape. The four restorative components are being away, fascination, extent, and compatibility. The restorative effect of landscape has been mainly investigated in terms of nature vs. urban dichotomy, although ART acknowledges that various types of landscapes can induce restorative effect. The purpose of this study is to examine whether sense of place of landscape has an influence on the restorative effect, and how the effect relates to the visiting experience. This study was performed in An-Ap-Ji with 200 Korean visitors who participated in the questionnaire survey. Hartig et al.'s PRS (Perceived Restorativeness Scale) was used as the research instrument to measure the restorative quality. The Analysis results are summarized as: 1) PRS was a very reliable measurement for Koreans' assessment of traditional landscape. Especially, the factor analysis produced four restorative components which fully supported ART. 2) The sense of place of landscape was found to have a positive influence on the restorative effect. 3) Landscape beauty was also discovered to be influential in the restoration even though the effect of beauty was lower than that of the sense of place. 4) Among the four restorative components, three components (fascination, escape, compatibility) influenced both visiting satisfaction and revisit intention, where the order of the relevant importance was fascination, escape, and compatibility. Based on the results, it was suggested that PRS should be used in landscape restoration research in Korea in order to re-examine its' reliability. It was also proposed that more research should be directed to investigate the relationship between the sense of place and the restorative effect of landscape.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture Conference
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• 2023.04a
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• pp.31-33
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• 2023

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.17-25
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• 2003

The physical components of a river, such as water surface width/river width ratio, water level, and flow velocity vary according to different flowrates. Moreover, the riverside landscapes are greatly affected by the change of physical components of the stream or river. This paper provides an analysis of the influence of changing physical components of a river on the riverside landscape using a survey-based quantification method. The questionnaire was developed based on current literature, and was submitted to 326 people who each visited a representative station along the riverside.This survey was implemented three times at each representative station during periods of different flowrates. The results of this analysis and survey have Produced an understanding of the relationship between the variation of physical components and riverside landscapes. Survey results about the flow comparison are summarized as follows. Viewing riverside landscapes, most respondents are sensitive to the change of the flow velocity and prefer high water levels to low water levels. As a whole, respondents prefer abundant stream flows and moderate flow velocity in which they can perceive the flow of water. The minimum instream flows for riverside landscapes is estimated at each representative station by using a survey-based quantification method, and the estimated results of some representative stations were greater than the mean monthly flow at each station. The result of this analysis shows that establishing minimum instream flows for riverside landscapes is not only a technical problem, but also a legal problem. Therefore, in the to establish the instream flows in a river, the estimated results have to be considered as a relative standard. Regarding the survey results, respondents' satisfaction level didn't show any clear inclination according to the variation of various hydraulic properties. In determining the minimum instream flow using such an inquiry method, the structure of riverside scenery may vary according to the change of seasons or months. Therefore, to determine a consistent general inclination about the flow rate, it is necessary to have more detailed flow rates for each season or month combined with more inquiries.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.1 s.108
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• pp.49-57
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• 2005

The aim of this study was to explain the relationship between the landscape organization and evaluating factors to harmonize the buildings with natural landscape using the landscape simulation models (near view less than $100{\cal}m$) controled the distance and obtain some knowledges about the introduction of buildings into the recreation forest. Through this study, the results were summarized as follow ;1) As the distance got to be near, the evaluation of comprehensive scenery and natural quality became low. 2) At the view points according to the distance the clear landscape organization showed a high value of scenery in comparison with the simple landscape organization, 3) As the coniferous forest showed more high value in comparison with the deciduous forest, the forest type surrounding cottage is important factor evaluating the landscape in the recreation forest area.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.13-30
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to present data to the landscape planning and design through analyzing correlation between visual preference of users and nonusers and the landscape of hole in golf couses. Stimulus objects were selected from the 18 holes in Tae-gu Country Club. Preference value was judged through photo simulation by 35 subjects photographed at Tee and Interpoint (IPI, IP2), and classified into three landscape types and nine landscape components from photo analysis by researcher. For test of difference between groups toward each stimulus, t-test was used, and Duncantest, Correlation analysis for finding out correlation between preference degree and the landscape of each hole. The results of this study were as follows: As a result of analysis of preference value between groups for each hole, it has been shown that there was scarcely difference with each other. Form the relation between preference degree and spacial structure of hole, the holes making up a superior preference group have been shown that the greater part of the holes had a downward slope or a gentle slope mostly and then a visible ratio of fairway was high, and had diversified scenery by a lotus pond, a solitary planting tree, the roll of a fairway, facilities for convenience, etc. The holes making up a low-ranking preference group have been shown that the greater part of the holes had upward slope or a similar slope to it and had characteries of the bad condition of lawn, the nearby factories and odors, the monotonous scenery of a fairway, an unreasonable mixing of holes, etc. From the relation between preference degree and landscape components forming hole, it has been shown that the preference degree between users and nonusers had positive correlation to the occupied ratio of space of landscape components at Tee and Approach. At Tee, it has been shown that the preference degree of two groups were related with a lawn surface of fairway negatively, a lotus pond, a sky positively, and the preference degree of nonusers was related with iron-top for electric transmission positively. At Approach, it has been shown that the preference degree of two groups were related with iron-top for electric transmission negatively, and the preference degree of nonusers was related with a building positively. From the relation between preference degree group to each hole and the occupied ratio of space of landscape types, it has been shown that the constituent ratio of a high-ranking group was 1:2.4:2.2 and a low-ranking group was 1:4.1:5.1 among vertical type, horizontal type and background at Tee, but the constituent ratio of space of a high-ranking group was similar to a low-ranking group at Approach.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2012

The purpose of this research is to look into the tea-drinking pictures of the Joseon Dynasty in order to find the unique landscape traits of tea-drinking spaces of the era. A number of tea-drinking pictures were drawn during the Joseon Dynasty period and in most cases, the names of the painters are stated as well. These factors make tea-drinking pictures a seminal source that illustrates the landscape traits of the last Dynasty of Korea. For those pictures contain the main components of landscape such as the tastes of 'Yangban'(noblemen), natural characters, and space traits. Since tea was first introduced in Korea during the Three Kingdom Period, tea-drinking culture has a long history in the country. There have been various studies about tea and many study results have been presented. Few research, however, have looked into tea culture from the point of landscape. Under the premise that tea-drinking pictures of Joseon Dynasty can be a cultural code that explains Korean tea-drinking culture, this thesis looked into those pictures from various angles and analyzed them in order to elucidate the attributes of scenery components of tea-drinking spaces that Koreans have forged and developed, and following results could be found. The Landscape components illustrated in tea-drinking pictures of the Joseon Dynasty can be divided into the element of architecture, the element of water, stone and plants. First, for the element of architecture, it was found that tea-drinking took place in anywhere in Korea without specific tea-drinking buildings or gardens unlike the case of Japan. This has to do with traits of Koreans who were not bound by formality and truly loved nature. Second, for the element of water, water contributed to making harmonious landscape. Third, for the element of stone, it was clear that stone had a practical role in providing comfortable place for lying and enjoying tea-drinking and scenery. Fourth, plants made elegant figure in the landscape and were planted in accordance with their inner meaning. Tea-drinking pictures of the Joseon Dynasty elucidates that when it comes to tea-drinking, Koreans were not obsessed with a formality of tea-drinking, or a set of tea ceremony, which is profoundly different with Japanese, and Koreans did not put a limit on a place for tea-drinking because for Koreans any place they sat could be a great place for tea-drinking.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.863-870
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• 2022

Unsatisfactory urban walking environment stresses urban residents, and may cause mental illness and chronic diseases by reducing walking activities. Therefore, establishing a high-quality walking environment that can promote walking activities in urban residents has emerged as an important issue. The walking environment consists of various components, such as trees, stairs, streetlights, benches, signs, fences, and facilities, and it is essential to understand which components and their settings act as satisfiers or dissatisfiers for pedestrians, to create a better quality walking environment. Therefore, this study investigated pedestrian satisfaction and dissatisfaction as a function of various environmental components through a survey using walking environment images. The results revealed that most of the walking environment components except the braille block and treezone exhibited significant correlations with pedestrian satisfaction. Particularly, safety-related component (e.g., adjacent roads, parked cars, traffic cushions, and car separation), and landscape-related components (e.g., trees and green), as well as the material settings of landscape facilities (e.g., wooden fences, benches, stairs, and walkway surfaces) correlated with pedestrian satisfaction. The results of this study can contribute to the extraction of useful features to evaluate pedestrian satisfaction as a function of the walking environment. The research outcome is expected to assist in the effective arrangement of walking environment components and their settings, which will ultimately contribute to significantly satisfactory walking environment and encourage walking activities.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.97-110
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• 1996

This study is about the application of visual structure and presentation of film as one of new methods for design of sequential landscape. The primary objective of the study is to present the basis of applicable and reasonable D니. In applying components of film to DSL, if it is compared with sequential landscape, the film is collection of shots while sequential landscape is accumulation of sceneries. Film and sequential landscape give us a whole meaning different from the meaning itself of a shot or scenery in its experience. The study build a tentative technique of DSL which has the following stages : 1) Goal setting and making out a scenario 2) Analysis and investigation 3) Selection process of definite form 4) Drawing up conti., sketch and notes, It is expected that the technique presented in this study could be a basis for further study of DSL.