• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.36 no.2_2
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• pp.337-349
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• 2020

In this study, Helikite, Low Altitude Remote Sensing (LARS) platform, was used to acquire coastal images. In the obtained image, the land and water masses were divided using four types of region clustering algorithms, and then waterline was extracted using edge detection. Quantitative comparisons were not possible due to the lack of in-situ waterline data. But, based on the image of the infrared band where water masses and land are relatively clear, the waterlines extracted by each algorithm were compared. As a result, it was found that each algorithm differed significantly in the part where the distinction between water masses and land was ambiguous. This is considered to be a difference in the process of selecting the threshold value of the digital number that each algorithm uses to distinguish the regions. The extraction of waterlines through various algorithms is expected to be used in conjunction with a Low Altitude Remote Sensing system that can be continuously monitored in the future to explain the rapid changes in coastal shape through several years of long-term data from fixed areas.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.90-96
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• 2020

Recently, a method that applies laser scanning (LS) that acquires vegetation information such as the vegetation habitat area and the size of vegetation in a point cloud format has been proposed. When LS is used to investigate the physical shape of vegetation, it has the advantage of more accurate and rapid information acquisition. However, to examine uncertainties that may arise during measurement or post-processing, the process of adjusting the data by the actual data is necessary. Therefore, in this study, the physical structure of stems, branches, and leaves of woody vegetation in an artificially formed river channel was manually investigated. The obtained results then compared with the information acquired using the three-dimensional terrestrial laser scanning (3D TLS) method, which repeatedly scanned the target vegetation in various directions to obtain relevant information with improved precision. The analysis demonstrated a negligible difference between the measurements for the diameters of vegetation and the length of stems; however, in the case of branch length measurement, a relatively more significant difference was observed. It is because the implementation of point cloud information limits the precise differentiation between branches and leaves in the canopy area.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1999.08a
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• pp.48-64
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• 1999

For quantitative evaluation of geotechnical engineering properties such as rippability and diggability, clear interpretation on the subsurface velocity structures should be preceded by figuring out top soil, weathered and soft rock layers, shape of basement, fracture zones, geologic boundary and etc. from the seismic refraction data. It is very important to set up suitable field parameters, which are the configuration of profile and its length, spacings of geophones and sources and topographic conditions, for increasing field data quality Geophone spacing of 3 to 5m is recommended in the land slope area for house land development and 5 to 10m in the tunnel site. In refraction tomography technique, the number of source points should be more than a half of available channel number of instrument, which can make topographic effect ignorable. Compared with core logging data, it is shown that the velocity range of the soil is less than 700m/s, weathered rock 700${\~}$1,200m/s, soft rock 1,200${\~}$1,800m/s. And the upper limit of P-wave velocity for rippability is estimated 1,200 to 1,800m/s in land slope area of gneiss. In case of tunnel site, it is recommended in tunnel design and construction to consider that tunnel is in contact with soft rock layer where three lineaments intersecting each other are recognized from the results of the other survey.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.163-174
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• 2001

For quantitative evaluation of geotechnical engineering properties such as rippability and diggability, clear interpretation on the subsUJiace velocity structures should be preceded by figuring out top soil, weathered and soft rock layers, shape of basement, fracture zones, geologic boundary and etC. from the seismic refraction data. It is very important to set up suitable field parameters, which are the configuration of profile and its length, spacings of geophones and sources and topographic conditions, for increasing field data Quality. Geophone spacing of 3 to 5m is reconunended in the land slope area of house land development site. In refraction tomography technique, the number of source points should be more than a Cluarter of available channel number of instrument and the subsurface structure interpretation can be decreased the artifact of inversion by topographic effect. Compared with core logging data, it is shown that the velocity range of the soil is less than 700m/s, weathered rock 700~1,200m/s, soft rock 1,200~1,800m/s on the velocity tomogram section. And the upper limit of P-wave velocity for rippability is estimated 1,200 to 1,800m/s in land slope area of gneiss.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.16 no.2 s.48
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• pp.201-214
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• 2006

To study the relationship between rainfall conditions and landslides according to a geological condition in land-slides areas such asJangheung Kyounggi, Sangju and Pohang Kyoungbuk, the data of rainfall and landslides are investigated and analyzed. Many landslides occurred at these areas because of the heavy rainfall in two or four days of the summer 1998. The data of rainfall are collected in observatories within a 50km radius from landslides occurrence areas, and the data of landslides are investigated directly in landslides areas. The data of rainfall are the accumulative rainfall and the rainfall intensity, and the data of landslides are the occurrence frequency considering the geological condition. These data are analyzed statistically to know the relationship the rainfall and landslides. The landslides are concentrated in the heavy rainfall area from the analysis of these data. It knows that the land-slides are triggered by the heavy rainfall. Meanwhile, the rainfall factors such as the accumulative rainfall, the rain-fall intensity and the dropping time are different in each landslides area, and the shape and frequency of landslides are different respectively. The landslides have occurred in the area of high accumulative rainfall, while the land-slides have not occurred around that area. Therefore, the rainfall is very important factor induced by the landslides, and the accumulative rainfall is really related to the frequency of landslides.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.107-116
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• 2020

Up to date, the majority research on the major landscape elements in organic farming has been mainly focused on the practice of seeking efficiency. The problem is that this type of study contributes to polluting the agricultural environment and damaging the ecological circulation system. As an alternative, there is a growing body of research on organic farming, but it is not widely applied that research on how to manage the landscape considering the scenic characteristics of farming villages practicing organic farming. Therefore, this study was carried out in the conservative aspects of rural landscapes in order to effectively manage the landscape of organic agriculture and, intended to be used to maintain and preserve natural and ecologically harmonious landscapes by deriving management methods suitable for landscape elements targeting the major landscape elements of the organic farming complex. To carry out, this study performed the experts survey which is composed of 13 major landscape elements, including rice paddies and fields, monoculture and diverse crops, dirt roads, windbreak trees, accent planting, dum-bung(small pond), natural small river, natural waterways, plastic film houses, one-storied houses, and pavilion. As a result, Farm land was formed in a square shape, concentrated in an independent space, planted companion plants around the crop, and covered with plants to manage the borders. As for the surrounding environment, it was analyzed that the aspart road system circulating through the village, the evergreen broad-leaved windbreak forest around the cultivated land, and the accent plant located at the entrance of the village were suitable. The hydrological environment consists of Round small pond made of stone in an open space, natural rivers around the village, and natural channels around the farmland, and The Major facilities are suitable for greenhouses that are shielded by plants in independent regions, and wooden duck houses located inside the cultivation area are suitable and The settlement facilities were analyzed to be suitable for single-story brick houses located in independent residential areas, pavilion located with greenery in the center of the village, and educational spaces shielded with wood from arable land. If supplementary evaluation criteria suitable for the management of organic farming landscape are additionally supplemented based on the results derived from this study, It is expected to enhance the landscape value of ecologically superior organic farming.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.79-88
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• 2019

In order to study the water quality status and its causal environmental factors, the water quality variables of chemical oxygen demand (COD), chlorophyll a (Chl a), Total phosphorus (TP), and total nitrogen (TN), the hydrogeomorphologic variables of water level fluctuation, total water storage, dam elevation, watershed area, and shoreline development index, and the land cover variables of forest, agricultural area, and urbanized area in the watershed were investigated in total 73 reservoirs with various operational purposes, water level fluctuation and geographical distribution in South Korea. The water quality was more eutrophic in the reservoirs of the more urbanized and agricultural area in the watershed, the low altitude, the narrow water level fluctuation, the narrowed watershed area, and the more circular shape. In terms of the purposes of reservoir operation, the reservoirs for agricultural irrigation were more eutrophic than the reservoirs for flood control. The results of the variable selection and path analysis showed that COD determined by Chl a and TP was directly affected by water level fluctuation and the shoreline development of the reservoirs. TP was directly affected by the urbanized area of the watershed which was related to the elevation of the reservoir. TP was also influenced by the water level fluctuation and the shoreline development. In conclusion, the eutrophication of the reservoirs in Korea would be influenced by the land use of the watershed, hydrological and geographical characteristics of the reservoir, water level fluctuation by the anthropogenic management according to the reservoir operation purpose, and the location of the reservoirs.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.237-254
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• 2020

Housing vacancies have become a major issue in urban areas, there have been many efforts to address this issue at the national and local levels. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors contributing to housing vacancies in old town Incheon in South Korea. In particular, the research focuses on examining the effects of multiple levels of factors on housing vacancies in a comprehensive way; the three levels of factors were identified with a literature review including housing (Level 1), Neighborhood (Level 2), and Region (Level 3). A multi-level logistic regression model was used to examine the relationship between 13 factors in three spatial levels and housing vacancies. As a result, the factors in all three levels were able to explain housing vacancies including site area and shape, proximity to major roads (Level 1), ratio of houses in designated urban renewal area and slope (Level 2), and ratio of the elderly living alone, land price, changes in land price and ratio of new houses (Level 3). These results show that the combination of the physical inferiority of the housing site and the neighborhood environment and the economic and social vulnerability of the region is likely to increases the number of vacant houses. This study also suggested that a multi-dimensional policy strategy is needed to solve the problem of housing vacancies, and urban policies, such as supplying new housing or urban renewal area designation, should be carefully implemented in a way not to create housing vacancies.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 2006

As a factor of housing environment, right of light became a subject of discussion as a social issue. Cases on the right of light in properties have been increased. Also many interests in the scape of the city have been increased. This study aims to show the possibility of variation of the shape of the apartment buildings considering the right of light. Reflecting this recent situation, we are setting up the night illumination and constructing a building which acts as Land Mark like the Jong-Ro Tower. And In case of the apartment building, various forms are deviated from an existing standardized form and skyline Existing studies on the sunshine of apartment buildings have dealt with just a standardized apartment building form. So this study analyzed a recently increasing interest for right of light and the changes of sunshine environment of apartment buildings having various forms of skyline.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.343-352
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• 2011

For optimizing railroad designs, setting up shape and specifications of facilities harmonized and coincide with local topography based on absolute location information, correct construction quantity's output and proper land's security etc are key matters, and also clear and advanced surveying standards and technical provision shall become priority so as to satisfy them. Therefore, this study analyzed and researched on surveying standards and technical provision's status in current railroad design's cases, and then attempts to suggest establishment of design surveying standard, procedures, and methods together with its practical scheme.