• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• 제38권3호
• /
• pp.183-193
• /
• 2021

Since its discovery in 1780, lactate has long been misunderstood as a waste by-product of anaerobic glycolysis with multiple deleterious effects. Owing to the lactate shuttle concept introduced in the early 1980s, a paradigm shift began to occur. Increasing evidence indicates that lactate is a coordinator of whole-body metabolism. Lactate is not only a readily accessible fuel that is shuttled throughout the body but also a metabolic buffer that bridges glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation between cells and intracellular compartments. Lactate also acts as a multifunctional signaling molecule through receptors expressed in various cells and tissues, resulting in diverse biological consequences including decreased lipolysis, immune regulation, anti-inflammation, wound healing, and enhanced exercise performance in association with the gut microbiome. Furthermore, lactate contributes to epigenetic gene regulation by lactylating lysine residues of histones, accounting for its key role in immune modulation and maintenance of homeostasis.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.762-779
• /
• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Mediterranean diet is an environmentally friendly and healthy diet model. The diet offers many vegetables, fruits, nuts, and olive oil to consumers. In addition, it provides moderate amounts of fish and chicken, smaller quantities of dairy products, red meat, and processed meat. The Mediterranean diet has a high anti-inflammatory and antioxidant content, and it causes many physiological changes that can provide a physical performance advantage. This study examined the effects of a 15-day menu, which was planned using foods with a low acid load within the Mediterranean diet rules, on the exercise performance, lactate elimination, anthropometric measurements, and body composition. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Fifteen professional male athletes between the ages of 13 and 18, who were engaged in ski running, were included in the experimental study. Dietary intervention was applied for 15 days. The athlete performances were evaluated by applying the vertical jump test, hand grip strength, 20 meters shuttle run test, and Borg fatigue scale. After the shuttle run test (every 3 min for 30 min), blood was drawn from the finger, and the lactate elimination time was calculated. Performance and lactate measurements, body analysis, and anthropometric measurements were taken before and after dietary intervention. RESULTS: The vertical jump height and hand grip strength increased after the intervention (P < 0.05). The test duration, total distance, the number of shuttles, and maximum oxygen consumption parameters of the shuttle run test increased (P < 0.05). After the intervention, the athletes' perceived fatigue scores decreased in several stages of the shuttle run test (P < 0.05). The lactate elimination time and athlete's body composition were similar in repeated measurements (P > 0.05). In the last measurements, the upper middle arm circumference decreased while the height of the athletes increased (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results show that the Mediterranean diet is a safe and feasible dietary approach for aerobic performance and strength increase.

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제27권5호
• /
• pp.93-97
• /
• 2012

Background : The purpose of this study was to examine that the effects of Peony-Licorice (PL) mixture supplementation on post-exercise blood glucose and lactate in professional women basketball players. Methods: Eleven professional women basketball players were participated in this study. The subjects participated in two trials, PL supplementation and water supplementation. They did 20-meter shuttle run test, and measured blood glucose and lactate level before, immediately, after 3 minutes, after 5 minutes and after 10 minutes the test. Results: There was not interaction effect on blood glucose(p<0.433) and lactate(p<0.770) levels. Blood glucose and lactate levels were increased in PL group and water group after the test. Conclusion: PL supplementation could not affect changing blood glucose and lactate level. Therefore, we suggest that PL supplementation may not be positive ergogenic aid for improving exercise performance in professional women basketball players.

• 디지털융복합연구
• /
• 제14권6호
• /
• pp.431-438
• /
• 2016

본 연구는 만 21-24세의 체육학 전공 대학생을 대상으로 키네시오 테이핑과 아이싱 처치가 혈중젖산농도 및 심폐기능의 회복속도에 미치는 영향을 규명하여 운동을 보다 효과적으로 수행할 수 있도록 경기력을 제한하는 요인들을 극복하여, 운동수행능력을 향상 시킬 수 있는 기초자료로 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다. 젖산과 심박수의 회복 속도를 측정을 통하여 얻은 결론을 본 연구에서 키네시오 테이핑과 아이싱 처치가 최대부하 운동 후 직후 젖산의 회복속도와 운동 30분 후 심박수의 회복속도를 유의하게 증가시켰으나, 운동 직후 심박수, 운동 15분 후 젖산 및 심박수, 운동 30분 후 젖산에서 유의한 차이가 없었다. 키네시오 테이핑과 아이싱 처치는 혈액 공급에 변화를 주어 통증이 감소되고 근 피로도 감소에 긍정적인 효과로 사용되고 있지만 만족스런 효과를 나타내지 못하였다. 이후 연구에서는 보다 정확하고 기술적인 형태의 운동 프로그램을 적용하여 키네시오 테이핑과 아이싱 처치의 효과에 대해 지속적인 연구가 필요할 것이다.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제56권7호
• /
• pp.385-391
• /
• 2023

Aspartate-glutamate carrier 2 (AGC2, citrin) is a mitochondrial carrier expressed in the liver that transports aspartate from mitochondria into the cytosol in exchange for glutamate. The AGC2 is the main component of the malate-aspartate shuttle (MAS) that ensures indirect transport of NADH produced in the cytosol during glycolysis, lactate oxidation to pyruvate, and ethanol oxidation to acetaldehyde into mitochondria. Through MAS, AGC2 is necessary to maintain intracellular redox balance, mitochondrial respiration, and ATP synthesis. Through elevated cytosolic Ca²⁺ level, the AGC2 is stimulated by catecholamines and glucagon during starvation, exercise, and muscle wasting disorders. In these conditions, AGC2 increases aspartate input to the urea cycle, where aspartate is a source of one of two nitrogen atoms in the urea molecule (the other is ammonia), and a substrate for the synthesis of fumarate that is gradually converted to oxaloacetate, the starting substrate for gluconeogenesis. Furthermore, aspartate is a substrate for the synthesis of asparagine, nucleotides, and proteins. It is concluded that AGC2 plays a fundamental role in the compartmentalization of aspartate and glutamate metabolism and linkage of the reactions of MAS, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, amino acid catabolism, urea cycle, protein synthesis, and cell proliferation. Targeting of AGC genes may represent a new therapeutic strategy to fight cancer.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.39-44
• /
• 2018

In 1923, Dr. Warburg had observed that tumors acidified the Ringer solution when 13 mM glucose was added, which was identified as being due to lactate. When glucose is the only source of nutrient, it can serve for both biosynthesis and energy production. However, a series of studies revealed that the cancer cell consumes glucose for biosynthesis through fermentation, not for energy supply, under physiological conditions. Recently, a new observation was made that there is a metabolic symbiosis in which glycolytic and oxidative tumor cells mutually regulate their energy metabolism. Hypoxic cancer cells use glucose for glycolytic metabolism and release lactate which is used by oxygenated cancer cells. This study challenged the Warburg effect, because Warburg claimed that fermentation by irreversible damaging of mitochondria is a fundamental cause of cancer. However, recent studies revealed that mitochondria in cancer cell show active function of oxidative phosphorylation although TCA cycle is stalled. It was also shown that blocking cytosolic NADH production by aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibition, combined with oxidative phosphorylation inhibition, resulted in up to 80% decrease of ATP production, which resulted in a significant regression of tumor growth in the NSCLC model. This suggests a new theory that NADH production in the cytosol plays a key role of ATP production through the mitochondrial electron transport chain in cancer cells, while NADH production is mostly occupied inside mitochondria in normal cells.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제39권1호
• /
• pp.13-22
• /
• 2019

This study aimed to develop a bile-responsive expression system for lactobacilli. The promoters of four genes, encoding phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase (mannose-specific), L-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), HPr kinase, and D-alanine-D-alanine ligase, respectively, which were highly expressed by bile addition in Lactobacillus johnsonii PF01, were chosen. Each promoter was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and fused upstream of the ${\beta}$-glucuronidase gene as a reporter, respectively. Then, these constructs were cloned into E. coli-Lactobacillus shuttle vector pULP2, which was generated by the fusion of pUC19 with the L. plantarum plasmid pLP27. Finally, the constructed vectors were introduced into L. plantarum for a promoter activity assay. The LDH promoter showed the highest activity and its activity increased 1.8-fold by bile addition. The constructed vector maintained in L. plantarum until 80 generations without selection pressure. A bile-responsive expression vector, $pULP3-P_{LDH}$, for Lactobacillus spp. can be an effective tool for the bile-inducible expression of bioactive proteins in intestine after intake in the form of fermented dairy foods.