• Mycobiology
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.191-201
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• 2013

Distinguishing individual Russula species has been difficult due to extensive phenotypic plasticity and obscure morphological and anatomical discontinuities. Due to highly similar macroscopic features, such as the presence of a red-cap, species identification within the Russula subgenus Amoenula is particularly difficult. Three species of the subgenus Amoneula have been reported in Korea. We used a combination of morphology and three molecular markers, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), 28S nuclear ribosomal large subunit (LSU), and RNA polymerase II gene (RPB2), for identification and study of the genetic diversity of Russula subgenus Amoenula in Korea. We identified only two species in Korea (R. mariae and R. violeipes); these two species were indistinguishable according to morphology and LSU, but were found to be reciprocally monophyletic species using ITS and RPB2. The markers, ITS, LSU, and RPB2, have been tested in the past for use as DNA barcoding markers, and findings of our study suggest that ITS and RPB2 had the best performance for the Russula subgenus Amoneula.

• 한국어업기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국어업기술학회 2001년도 춘계 수산관련학회 공동학술대회발표요지집
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• pp.252-254
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• 2001

A great deal of effort has been put into the identification of Alexandrium tamarense/fundyense/catenella complex by understanding correlation between morphological and subcellular characteristics. To date, the most promising tool for the study of these species is sequence analyses of rRNA genes that have been useful for various organisms' taxonomy and phylogeny, and its application such as in situ hybridization. (omitted)

• 한국균학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.425-431
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• 2021

New species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycota), Acaulospora jejuensis, was isolated from rhizosphere soils of Miscanthus sinensis in the grassland in Jeju Island of Korea. The species was identified using the morphological characteristics of the spores and the molecular phylogenetic analysis using partial DNA sequences from small subunit rDNA (SSU), internal transcribed spacer (ITS), and large subunit rDNA (LSU). Phylogenetic analysis placed the fungal species in a distinct clade within genus Acaulospora. Also, the species exhibited the morphological characteristics distinct from the other members of the genus. Therefore, Acaulospora jejuensis was described as a novel species from Korea.

• ALGAE
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.75-96
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• 2024

Rhodomonas (Cryptophyceae) and species assigned to this genus have undergone numerous taxonomic revisions. This also applies to R. marina studied here as it was originally assigned as a species of Cryptomonas and later considered a variation of R. baltica, the type species. Despite being described more than 130 years ago, R. marina still lacks a comprehensive characterization. Light and electron microscopy were employed to delineate a strain from western Greenland. The living cells were 18 ㎛ long and 9 ㎛ wide, elliptical in shape with a pointed to rounded posterior and truncated anterior in lateral view. Two sub-equal flagella emerged from a vestibulum, where also a furrow extended. In transmission electron microscopy, the furrow was associated with a tubular gullet and the pyrenoid embedded in a deeply lobed chloroplast. The chloroplast contained DNA in perforations and was surrounded by starch grains. A tubular nucleomorph was enclosed within the pyrenoid matrix. In scanning electron microscopy, the inner periplast consisted of rectangular plates with rounded edges and posteriorly these were replaced by a sheet-like structure. The water-soluble pigment was Crypto-Phycoerythrin type I (Cr-PE 545). A phylogenetic inference based on SSU rDNA confirmed the identity of strain S18 as a species of Rhodomonas as it clustered with congeners but also Rhinomonas, Storeatula, and Pyrenomonas. These genera formed a monophyletic clade separated from a diverse assemblage of other cryptophyte genera. To further explore the phylogeny of R. marina a concatenated phylogenetic analysis based on the SSU rDNA-ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2-LSU rDNA region was performed but included only closely related species. The secondary structure of nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2 was predicted and compared to similar structures in related species. Using morphological and molecular signatures as diagnostic features the description of R. marina was emended.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.239-243
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• 2023

The Golovinomyces biocellatus complex is known to consist of powdery mildew from the Golovinomyces genus, associated with host plants from the Lamiaceae family. Recent molecular phylogenetic analyses have resolved the taxonomic composition of this complex, and Golovinomyces biocellatus sensu stricto is considered to be a pathogen of Glechoma species, globally. However, this paper presents a new finding of Golovinomyces salviae on Glechoma longituba, besides its original host species of Salvia. This information was inferred by molecular phylogenetic analyses from the multi-locus nucleotide sequence dataset of intergeneric spacer (IGS), internal transcribed spacer (ITS), large subunit (LSU) of rDNA, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene. Further, the asexual morphology of this fungus is described and illustrated.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.341-350
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• 2010

Blue mold is the most important postharvest disease of apples in Korea. Apple fruits with blue mold symptoms were collected from storages in different locations in Korea and were investigated for their association with Penicillium species. A total of sixty five isolates of Penicillium were sampled from the collected apples. Based on DNA sequence analysis of ${\beta}$-tublin gene and ITS and lsu rDNA (ID region) and morphological characteristics, they were identified as P. crustosum, P. expansum, P. italicum, P. solitum and P. sp.. P. sp. which is closely related to P. hirsutum is a new species, not reported before. P. expansum (35%) was predominant species followed by P. crustosum. The phylogenetic tree inferred from combined ${\beta}$-tublin and ID region sequence showed good correlation with species that are defined by morphological characteristics. In pathogenicity test, apples were wound-inoculated with conidial suspension and incubated at $20-22^{\circ}C$. The most severe and destructive species was P. expansum. The species caused a decayed area 42-50mm in diameter after 8-10days. Decayed area caused by P. crustosum and P. sp. was 26-32mm and 20-26mm, respectively. This is the first record of P. crustosum, P. italicum and P. sp. from apple in Korea.

• ALGAE
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.299-314
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• 2021

Some species in the dinoflagellate genus Alexandrium are bioluminescent. Of the 33 formally described Alexandrium species, the bioluminescence capability of only nine species have been tested, and eight have been reported to be bioluminescent. The present study investigated the bioluminescence capability of seven Alexandrium species that had not been tested. Alexandrium mediterraneum, A. pohangense, and A. tamutum were bioluminescent, but A. andersonii, A. hiranoi, A. insuetum, and A. pseudogonyaulax were not. We also measured the bioluminescent intensity of A. affine, A. fraterculus, A. mediterraneum, A. ostenfeldii, A. pacificum, A. pohangense, A. tamarense, and A. tamutum. The mean 200-second-integrated bioluminescence intensity per cell ranged from 0.02 to 32.2 × 10⁴ relative luminescence unit per cell (RLU cell^-1), and the mean maximum bioluminescence intensity per cell per second (BL_Max) ranged from 0.01 to 10.3 × 10⁴ RLU cell^-1 s^-1. BL_Max was significantly correlated with the maximum growth rates of Alexandrium species, except for A. tamarense. A phylogenetic tree based on large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU rDNA) showed that the bioluminescent species A. affine, A. catenella, A. fraterculus, A. mediterraneum, A. pacificum, and A. tamarense formed a large clade. However, the toxicity or mixotrophic capability of these species was split. Thus, their bioluminescence capability in this clade was more consistent than their toxicity or mixotrophic capability. Phylogenetic trees based on LSU rDNA and the luciferase gene of Alexandrium were consistent except for A. pohangense. The results of the present study can provide a basis for understanding the interspecific diversity in bioluminescence of Alexandrium.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.175-183
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• 2004

The dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamiyavanichii Balech, a producer of toxins causing paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), has recently been considered as one of main organisms responsible for toxication of shellfish in Japan. In this study, A. tamiyavanichii was subjected to a molecular phylogenetic analysis inferred from 28S rDNA D1-D2 sequences and a species-specific LSU rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide DNA probe was designed to identify A. tamiyavanichii using the whole cell-FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization). The sequences of the 28S rDNA D1-D2 region of A. tamiyavanichii showed no difference from A. cohorticular AF1746l4 (present name A. tamiyavanichii) and formed a distinct clade from the 'tamarensis species complex'. The probe, TAMID2, reacted specifically with A. tamiyavanichii cultured cells, without any cross-reaction with other species belonging to the same genus, including A. tamarense, A. catenella, A. affine, A. fraterculus, A. insuetum and A. pseudogonyaulax. In a test of cross-reactivity with a field sample, TAMID2 reacted consistently with only A. tamiyavanichii, indicating that the present protocol involving the TAMID2 probe might be useful for detecting toxic A. tamiyavanichii in a simple and rapid manner.

• 환경생물
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.119-128
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• 2019

거제도 장목항에서 분리한 Akashiwo sanguinea의 형태와 계통학적 특성을 명확히 하고, 여러 온도와 염분구배에 따른 성장조건을 파악하고자 하였다. A. sanguinea의 세포는 오각형이었고, 세포의 길이는 54.7~70.3 ㎛, 폭은 31.5~48.5 ㎛로 나타났다. 핵은 세포의 중심에 위치하였고, 엽록체는 황갈색으로 세포 전체에 퍼져있었다. 상추구는 알파벳 e 모양이었다. 계통분석 결과 장목항에서 분리한 본 배양주는 ribotype A에 포함되었다. 온도 및 염분구배에 따른 성장 실험은 5℃ 이하의 온도를 제외한 모든 온도구배에서 성장이 나타났다. 그리고, 최대성장속도는 온도 20℃, 염분 20 psu에서 0.50 day^-1로 나타났고, 최대세포밀도는 온도 25℃, 염분 30 psu에서 1,372 cells mL^-1였다. 이 결과는 A. sanguinea가 가을철에 한국 연안에서 최대 증식을 보일 수 있다는 것을 나타낸다.

• 환경생물
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.31-41
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• 2019

남해안에서 분리한 Gymnodinium catenatum의 형태, 계통학적 분석 및 다양한 온도 및 염분에 반응하는 성장 조건을 파악하였다. G. catenatum의 세포는 세로로 길거나 세로와 가로의 길이가 유사한 오각형이었다. 세포의 길이는 $38.1{\sim}77.4{\mu}m$, 폭은 $26.1{\sim}40.8{\mu}m$로 나타났다. 핵은 세포의 중간에 위치하였고, 상추구는 말굽의 편자 모양이었고, 이는 국내외 배양주와 형태적으로 매우 유사한 결과 였다. 계통분석 결과도 염기유사도를 비교해 보았을 때, 기존에 보고된 배양주와 100% 일치하여 이 종은 단일 계통으로 판단되었다. 온도와 염분에 대한 성장실험에서 G. catenatum은 $15^{\circ}C$ 이상의 온도에서 염분 15 psu를 제외한 모든 염분구간에서 성장을 보였으며, 고온인 $30^{\circ}C$에서는 성장을 하지 않았다. 최대성장속도는 온도 $25^{\circ}C$, 염분 35 psu에서 $0.37day^{-1}$로 나타났고 최대세포밀도는 온도 $20^{\circ}C$, 염분 25에서 $1,073cells\;mL^{-1}$였다. 이 결과는 G. catenatum이 한국 남해안에서 여름철 및 가을철, 특히 평균 수온이 $20^{\circ}C$ 이상인 여름철에 최대 증식을 보일 수 있다는 것을 나타낸다.