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http://dx.doi.org/10.11626/KJEB.2019.37.1.031

Toxic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum Graham(Dinophyceae) from the southern coast of Korea: morphology, phylogeny and effects of temperature and salinity on growth  

Han, Kyong Ha (Library of Marine Samples, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology)
Li, Zhun (Library of Marine Samples, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology)
Kang, Byeong Jun (Library of Marine Samples, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology)
Youn, Joo Yeon (Library of Marine Samples, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology)
Shin, Hyeon Ho (Library of Marine Samples, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Environmental Biology / v.37, no.1, 2019 , pp. 31-41 More about this Journal
Abstract
The toxic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum isolated from the southern coast of Korea was described under light and scanning electron microscopy, and its large subunit (LSU) rDNA was sequenced. In addition, the effects of temperature and salinity on its growth were investigated. The cells of G. catenatum, as viewed under the electronic microscope, were green-brown color, $38.1-77.4{\mu}m$ in length and $26.1-40.8{\mu}m$ in width. The epicone was conical, while the hypocone was trapezoidal. The nucleus was located at the central part of the cell. The apical groove was horseshoe-shaped and small pores were irregularly distributed on the cell surface. Molecular phylogeny based on LSU rDNA gene sequences showed that the Korean G. catenatum and previously reported species formed a monophyletic clade within Gymnodinium sensu stricto clade. The maximum growth rate of $0.37day^{-1}$, was obtained at $25^{\circ}C$ and 35 psu, and the maximum cell density of $1,073cells\;mL^{-1}$, was observed at $20^{\circ}C$ and 25 psu. However, G. catenatum did not grow at temperature < $15^{\circ}C$ and < $30^{\circ}C$. These results suggest that environmental conditions of summer and autumn in the southern coast of Korea may be favorable for the growth of G. catenatum.
Keywords
Gymnodinium catenatum; morphology; LSU rDNA; temperature; salinity;
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