• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.53-60
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to find out the relation between the height of intercrestal line, and HIVD(Herniated Intervertebral Disc)of Lumbar spine. Methods : We investigated 445 cases (208 male, 237 female) of patients who were diagnosed as HIVD of L-spine at either L4/5 or L5/S1 level. We analysed the relation between the height of intercrestal line and the level of HIVD. Results : 1. Among 445 cases, the level of intercrestal line with HIVD of L-spine at the specific location was different between male and female. In male, the intercrestal line is more likely to be located at L4 level, while in female more likely to be located at L5 level. 2. Among 445 cases, L5/S1 HIVD patients(272, 61.1%) were more than L4/5 HIVD patients(173, 38.9%). At L4 body area, L4/5 HIVD patients were more than L5/S1 HIVD patients, however, at L4/5 intervertebral area and L5 body area, L5/S1 HIVD patients were more than L4/5 HIVD patients. (p<0.01) 3. When the line is located at higher level, HIVD of L-spine tends to be occurred at L4/5 level. Contrastly, when the line is located at lower level, HIVD of L-spine tends to be occurred at L5/S1 level. (p<0.01) Conclusions : High intercrestal line leads to L4/5 HIVD, while low intercrestal line leads to L5/S1 HIVD. Possibly, it is caused by different length and thickness of the iliolumbar ligament.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.4003-4007
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• 2016

Long interspersed elements-1s (LINE-1s) are dispersed all over the human genome. There is evidence that hypomethylation of LINE-1s and levels of sex steroids regulate gene expression leading to cancer development. Here, we compared mRNA levels of genes containing an intragenic LINE-1 in breast cancer cells treated with various sex steroids from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), with the gene expression database using chi-square analysis (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo). We evaluated whether sex steroids influence expression of genes containing an intragenic LINE-1. Three sex steroids at various concentrations, 1 and 10 nM estradiol (E2), 10 nM progesterone (PG) and 10 nM androgen (AN), were assessed. In breast cancer cells treated with 1 or 10 nM E2, a significant percentage of genes containing an intragenic LINE-1 were down-regulated. A highly significant percentage of E2-regulated genes containing an intragenic LINE-1 was down-regulated in cells treated with 1 nM E2 for 3 hours (p<3.70E-25; OR=1.91; 95% CI=2.16-1.69). Similarly, high percentages of PG or AN-regulated genes containing an intragenic LINE-1 wwere also down-regulated in cells treated with 10 nM PG or 10 nM AN for 16 hr (p=9.53E-06; OR=1.65; 95% CI=2.06-1.32 and p=3.81E-14; OR=2.01; 95% CI=2.42-1.67). Interestingly, a significant percentage of AN-regulated genes containing an intragenic LINE-1 was up-regulated in cells treated with 10 nM AN for 16 hr (p=4.03E-02; OR=1.40; 95% CI=1.95-1.01). These findings suggest that intragenic LINE-1s may play roles in sex steroid mediated gene expression in breast cancer cells, which could have significant implications for the development and progression of sex steroid-dependent cancers.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.13-16
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• 1998

Every complex vector bundle over $S^1$ splits sum of line bundle and the first Chern class classify complex line bundle. This implies every complex vector bundle over $S^1$ is trivial. In this paper, we show the existence of some nontrivial complex vector bundle over $S^1$ in the equivariant case.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.81-83
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• 2021

Two species of Scopula, S. asthena Inoue, 1943 and S. tenuisocius Inoue, 1942, were newly recorded from Korea. Scopula asthena can be distinguished by the bipectinate male antennae and whitish wings with four blackish dots on each wing. This species is similar to S. superior (Butler, 1878) but differs in the large blackish discal dots on both wings. Scopula tenuisocius can be distinguished by its whitish forewing with light grayish, dentate antemedial line, short-line shaped discal dot and line light grayish, weakly rounded, dentate postmedial line, and whitish hindwing with a blackish discal dot and light grayish, undulating medial lines. Scopula tenuisocius is similar to S. floslactata (Haworth, 1809) but the species can be distinguished by the thinner and blackish subterminal line of the forewing that appears minutely dentate along the line. To date, 41 species of the genus Scopula are known in Korea.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.93-101
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• 2015

This study aims to suggest the patternmaking method of men's slim-fit six-panel jacket sloper in their 30's. The researcher collected four kinds of existing slopers and carried out appearance evaluations twice. The researcher's sloper was developed by modifying and supplementing the existing sloper with high scores from the evaluations. The results are as follows: first, when comparing the four kinds of existing slopers, dimensions and patternmaking methods of 18 areas, especially width of back chest and side chest, were varied according to the existing slopers. Second, the researcher's sloper had excellent scores in the appearance evaluations such as placements of side line on the chest, waist, hip line, measurement in dimension from the center back hip line and from waist line, and appearance of neck line. Third, the suggested sloper are as follows: the ease on the chest is 10.5 cm, 8~10 cm extends for the jacket length, the measure in dimension from the back waist is 2.2 cm, dart intake at the back side is 4 cm, dart intake at the front side is 1.5~2 cm, and dart intake at the front waist is 1 cm. This suggested six-panel jacket sloper is expected to be useful for the various slim-fit jacket designs which have the side panels.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.427-434
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• 2006

This paper analyzes arc phenomena including the secondary arc's elongation in the Korean 765kV single transmission line (79km) between Sin-Ansung S/S and Sin-Gapyeong S/S, which will be installed in Korea in June 2006. In particular, both frequency independent and frequency dependent line models are compared to make our final decisions. As well, the significant simulation results are investigated by the EMTP program. As a result, there is no need of HSGS in the Korean 765kV single transmission line from both a practical and an economical point of view.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.616-625
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• 2009

With suffering financial crisis in 1997, Korea's fashion market has grown in the direction that satisfies the reasonable price and diverse consumer's sensitivity and needs. The aim of this study is to examine whether the cutting portion in the waist line is surely necessary for designing the jacket pattern in men's wear, by closely examining the effects of the cutting portion in the waist line on the external appearance and functionality given designing the jacket pattern in men's wear for the standard body type in 20s. The results of the study are as follows. As a result of evaluating the external appearance, when having evaluated by dividing into 14 items such as the whole surface, the side, and the back side, the experimental clothing, which wasn't cut the waist line, obtained the highest mark in 13 items and, the significant difference was indicated in 10 items except 4 items. As a result of evaluating performance, the experimental clothing, which wasn't cut the waist line, obtained the highest mark in 13 items among 25 items in the total. Next, the cutting portion in the waist line obtained the highest mark in 10 items for the experimental clothing with opening in 1.0cm. The next was indicated to be in order of the experimental clothing with 1.5cm and the experimental clothing with 0.5cm. Given seeing the above result, the cutting portion in the waist line given designing the jacket pattern for the standard body type in 20s could be known that the experimental clothing with the most excellent mark in the evaluation of performance was all the experimental clothing with 0.0cm whose waist line wasn't cut.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.517-536
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to investigate the internal and external line beauty of men's dress of the Chosun period from the views of dress design and dress aesthetics. 1) External Line Beauty of Men's Dress of the Chosun Period ① Functional Beauty : Having the beauty of functional line in terms of convenience, action, effectiveness, practivce and sanitation. ② Structural Beauty : Having the beauty harmonizing between lines of internal and external structures. ③ Ornamental Beauty : Having the beauty of simple line by matching accessories (gat, fan, sejodae, shoes) with a simple dress. ④ Wearing Beauty : Making tall-looking or expressing a mature masculine beauty by a visual mistake caused by a combination of internal and external structural beauty lines. 2) Internal Line Beauty of Men's Dress of the Chosun Period Including a simple but natural beauty based on natural philosophy, the beauty of courtesy emphasizing official hat and dress and the beauty of dress having aesthetic consciousness with which people enjoy an idyllic life.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.67-85
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• 2010

On-line ADR is to use means of settling disputes online to settle disputes happened on-line or off-line. It gave important opportunity for engaging in a commercial transaction to small group or individual. If it uses judiciary proceeding, it will cost too much, complicate and take considerable time. So, because of these reasons, OECD even encourage on-line ADR as a mean for relieving consumer's damage actively on e-commerce. Korea is also trying to introduce on-line ADR partially or completely in Korea Consumer Agency, The National IT Industry Promotion Agency, The Korean Commercial Arbitration Board. However, Korea's on-line ADR is more insufficient than advanced country's. Nevertheless, because on-line needs to introduce, this study suggests the problem and plan centering the type and the present condition of on-line ADR.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.107-115
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• 1998

There is an important concern regarding the First-line nurse manager's leadership because of the recognition that effectiveness of Leadership in this position results in benefits for the whole health care organization. So knowledge and practice of effective leadership behavior are now more essential to nursing than ever before. First-line Nurse Managers must be effective leaders to meet today's challenge because staff nurse, patient are affected by them. So the purpose of this study was to identify and to analyse the need for Leadership program of First-Line nurse managers in university hospitals. There were three major purposes of this study. First, identify First-line nurse managers general characteristic, second, identify their experience of leadership training, third, identify and analysis their demands for leadership training program. The subjects for this study was 167 First-line nurse manager randomly from 18 university hospitals in Korea. The data were collected through questionnaires from Oct. 13th to Nov. 20th, 1997, data was analysed using frequencies and percentages. Especially the steps of analysis of descriptions were as follows: Initial analysis centered on the identification of the demands of first-line nurse managers. Later analysis collapsed the demands into broad categories. From the collect data, 283 demands of first-line nurse managers were identified. These demands were then sorted into 3 broad categories that included : Self development as first-line nurse managers, relationship with others, and practice. The result of the study were as follows ; 1) Most of nurse managers(79.6%) had leadership training course and had good experience to improve self leadership. 2) Their demands of leadership training course are as follows First, for self as first-line nurse managers, they want to learn leadership theory, identify their leadership style and then develop their leadership skill. Second, for others as first-line nurse managers, they want to improve their communication skill, empowering others, relationship with others. Third, for patients as first-line nurse managers, improve their knowledge of practice. From the above finding, this study can be suggested the following; 1. Develope a leadership training course to improve first- line nurse manager's leadership skill according to their demands, so they will be better able to lead staff nurses for organization purposes. 2. When develope leadership training program, it must be contained the factors which first-line nurse managers want to learn.