• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.58-65
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• 2010

Purpose: Since there are few studies involving acute pancreatitis in children, we reviewed our experience with this medical condition to describe the clinical features. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted by reviewing the medical records of 41 patients with AP who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics of Pusan National University Hospital between January 1996 and June 2007. Results: Twenty males and 21 females (mean age, 8.7${\pm}$4.5 years) were included. In 22 patients (53.7%), no definitive causes were found. The most common etiologies were choledochal cysts (22.0%). Necrotizing pancreatitis was diagnosed in 5 patients (12.2%), and recurrent acute pancreatitis in 4 patients (9.8%). CT findings included pancreatic swelling (43.9%), peripancreatic fluid collection (29.3%), ascites (24.4%), and peripancreatic fat necrosis (12.2%). Serum amylase and lipase levels at diagnosis were 535.3${\pm}$553.2 and 766.2${\pm}$723.6 U/L, respectively, and were normalized within 1 week in 22 and 14 patients, respectively. On the basis of the Balthazar scale, 2 patients were diagnosed with severe AP. In 4 patients (9.8%), a surgical procedure was indicated. Major complications included ascites (32.3%), sepsis (16.1%), and pseudocyst and renal impairments (12.9%). Two patients died from multi-organ failure. Conclusion: The etiologies of AP in children are varied. Most children have a single episode and a self-limited course. However, AP of childhood still carries significant morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis, appropriate treatment according to disease severity, and management of complications are important.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.201-210
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• 2008

The mixing treatment process using lime (CaO) and limestone ($CaCO_3$) as the immobilization amendments was applied for heavy metal contaminated filmland soils around Goro abandoned Zn-mine, Korea in the batch and pilot scale continuous column experiments. For the batch experiments, with the addition of 0.5 wt.% commercialized lime or limestone, leaching concentrations of As, Cd, Pb, and Zn from the contaminated filmland soil decreased by 70, 77, 94, and 95 %, respectively, compared to those without amendments. For the continuous pilot scale column experiments, the acryl column (30 cm in length and 20 cm in diameter) was designed and granulated lime and limestone were used. From the results of column experiments, with only 2 wt.% of granulated lime, As, Cd, and Zn leaching concentrations decreased by 63%, 97%, and 98%, respectively. With 2 wt.% of granulated limestone, As leaching concentration reduced from 135.6 to 30.2 ${\mu}g/L$ within 5 months and maintained mostly below 10 ${\mu}g/L$, representing that more than 46% diminution of leaching concentration compared to that without the amendment mixing. For Cd and Zn, their leaching concentrations with only 2 wt.% of limestone mixing decreased by 97%, respectively compared to that without amendment mixing, suggesting that the capability of limestone to immobilize heavy metals in the filmland soil was outstanding and similar to that of lime. From the column experiments, it was investigated that if the efficiency of limestone to immobilize heavy metals from the soil was similar to that of lime, the limestone could be more available to immobilize heavy metals from the soil than lime because of low pH increase and thus less harmful side effect.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.88-95
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to improve the quality characteristics of soy ice cream supplemented with oligosaccharide, and to test its blood glucose lowering effect. Boiled soybean powder was compared to parched soybean powder and to milk, as an ingredient. The soybean powder base was prepared by incubating with fructooligosaccharide (FOS) and apple juice, along with Lactobacillus acidophilus and L. bulgaricus at $30-40^{circ}C$ for 24 hr. With the fermentation process, the fishy smell of the soybean was removed and the taste improved. The overrun and melt-down values of the boiled soybean ice cream were significantly higher than those of the parched soybean ice cream, although they were significantly lower than those of the milk ice cream. The sensory characteristics of the soy ice cream prepared with the fermented base of boiled soybeans were significantly improved, as compared to those of the ice cream made using parched soybeans, but they were not significantly different from those of the milk ice cream. The blood glucose level at 120 min after ingestion of the ice cream prepared with FOS and the fermented base of boiled soybean powder was significantly lower than that occurring with the milk ice cream made with sugar.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.245-251
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of modification of a herbal recipe(Herb $Mix^{(R)}$) on the growth of pullet and laying performance of hens. The formula of Herb $Mix^{(R)}$, a mixture of Rehmannia glutinosa, Angelica gigas, Discorea japonica, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Schisandra chinensis and Ligusticum jeholense, was modified in mixing ratio. A total of 1,120 pullets(Hy-Line Brown) of 14 wks old were assigned to seven treatments; control, Herb $Mix^{(R)}$(HM), R. glutinosa fortified HM, A. gigas fortified HM, D. japonica fortified HM, G. uralensis fortified HM, S. chinensis fortified HM, L. jeholense fortified HM and Flavomycin supplemented diet. Each treatment had 8 replicates of 20 birds each housed in 2 birds cages. Body weight at 10% egg production was significantly(P<0.05) influenced by treatments. Birds fed A. gigas fortified HM diet were heaviest followed by L. jeholense fortified HM, HM-original and D. japonica fortified HM, Flavomycin supplemented diet and R. glutinosa while those fed control diet were lightest. Also, age reaching 50% egg production and peak production was earliest in A. gigas fortified HM and latest in the control. Egg production, feed intake, feed conversion and egg weight were significantly influenced by treatments. Significant improvement in egg production and feed intake was shown in A. gigas fortified HM treatment. Feed conversion ratio was lowest in antibiotic(Flavomycin) treatment and egg weight was heaviest in L. jeholense fortified HM treatment. There were no significant differences among treatments in intestinal microflora but cfu of Cl. perfringnes and E. coli tended to be lower in HM treatments than the control. Among the leucocytes of blood, the HM treatments were lower than the control in counts of white blood cell and heterophils. It was concluded that modification of Herb $Mix^{(R)}$ fortifying with A. gigas, D. japonica and L. jeholense significantly influence growth and laying performance of birds.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.128-136
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• 2002

Background: There are few studies that have reported on the pharmacokinetic(PK) disposition of fluoroquinolones in patients with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis(MDR-Tb), even though fluoroquinolones are frequently co-prescribed to those patients. In this study, the PK disposition of ofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone, was evaluated in patients with MD R -Tb. Methods: Twenty patients with MDR-Tb were given 2nd line Tb drugs including ofloxacin (300mg twice a day), prothionamide, cycloserine, para-aminosalicylic acid, kanamycin, and streptomycin. The patients were grouped according to their body mass index(BMI) as an index of emaciation (group A : 18.5$\leq$BMI <23, group B : BMI < 18.5). Blood samples were serially drawn and urine samples were collected upto 24 hours after the last dose of those drugs at steady state (over 1 month). The ofloxacin concentrations were determined using HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography). Results: The AUC of ofloxacin in group B was greater than that in group A ($31.4{\pm}8.9{\mu}g/ml{\cdot}h$ vs. $24.1{\pm}6.2{\mu}g/ml{\cdot}h$)(Check the symbols), (p<0.05). The total clearance(Cl/F) of ofloxacin was $0.16{\pm}0.03$ L/h/kg in group A, and $0.14{\pm}0.03$ L/h/kg in group B. The half-lives of ofloxacin in two groups were similar (group A : $5.3{\pm}0.8$ hours, group B : $5.7{\pm}0.9$ hours). In addition, the other PK parameters in two groups were also similar. Conclusions: The pharmacokinetics of ofloxacin in patients with MDR-Tb appears to be comparable with those of normal subjects, and the extent of emaciation appears to have an influence on the pharmacokinetics of ofloxaicn in chronic debilitated MDR-Tb patients.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.208-216
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• 2010

Lab scale experiments were conducted in order to assess the applicability of $CaCO_{3}$-alginate beads as neutralizer for the high cell density cultivation and prepare the direct vat inoculation cultures of isolated sourdough lactic acid bacteria. With increasing the amount of bead and decreasing the diameter of bead in acidic solution, the neutralizing effect of $CaCO_{3}$-alginate bead became higher. In batch process with $CaCO_{3}$-alginate beads, Lactobacillus amylovorus DU-21 isolated from sourdough showed the highest viable cell counts and optical density in MRS broth. The values of viable cell counts and optical density were 9.996 log CFU/mL and 3.97, respectively. Experiments on the conditions which increase viability during lyophilization were carried out and the following results were obtained; 15% glycerol revealed the high cryoprotective effect on the concentrated cultures during lyophilization among the two cryoprotective agents. Consequently, $CaCO_{3}$-alginate beads and 15% glycerol were found to be useful not only to cultivate Lactobacillus amylovorus DU-21 but also to preserve strain.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.245-252
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• 1999

Purpose : The aim of this study is to determine the age-specific seropositivity and the level of measles specific IgG in adults and to evaluate herd immunity to measles in Korea, the measles specific IgG were measured from the sera of adults over ages of 20 in Korea. Methods : 156 sera were collected from 156 out-patients over ages 20, who had visited clinical laboratory from June to July in 1997 at Korea University Ansan Hospital. The histories of natural measles or vaccination were not undertaken. Measles specific IgG titers were measured using ELISA method($SIA^{TM}$ Measles IgG Kit Co. St. Louis. Mo). Results : The results obtained from this study were as follows. 1) The seropositivity of measles specific IgG in adults was 94.9%. And there were no significant differences in their age and gender. 2) The mean measles-specific IgG titer was $238{\pm}84AU/mL$. And there were no significant differences in age and gender, except significant lower in 4th decades than other age groups. And there were no significant correlations between age and measles specific IgG level. Conclusion : In conclusion, a seropositivity of in adults was 94.9% which was higher than that of adolescents(91.2% in previous study), and antibody level was similar with adolescents. The herd immunity of the adults were considered to enough for protecting the transmission of measles in the community. For the eradication of measles in Korea, more efforts will be required to increase the vaccine coverage rate in children and adolescents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.723-729
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• 2004

To develop foods using dried persimmon, hot-water extracts of dried persimmons were added into strong wheat flour in the ratio of 10, 20, 30, and 40% and the quality characteristics of baked products were investigated. The proximate compositions of dried persimmons hot-water extracts were 70.37% of moisture, 1.72% of crude protein, 0.18% of crude lipids, 1.99% of crude ash and 4.37% of crude fiber, respectively. With increasing the addition of dried persimmons hot-water extracts, moisture content of the added breads was increased to 47.20% from 41.12% of non-added bread and water activity to 0.576 from 0.495. Water binding capacity of the added dried persimmons hot-water extracts rasied weight of the bread but decreased specific volume. In the hunter's color values the more dried persimmons hot-water extracts was added, the lower L vaules we, and the higher a and b values we. In the texture property, the addition of dried persimmons hot-water extracts increased hardness, gumminess and chewiness, while decreased adhesiveness and fracturability. Judging from texture, taste and overall acceptability of the product, recommended substitution level for hot-water extracts of dried persimmons in bread was 30% or less.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.2949-2967
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• 1973

The purpose of this study is to find out and determine the minimum consumptive use of water for Korean cabbage and turmp, so that the minimum water requirement can be secured always for a stable cultivation of these vegetables regardless of weather conditions. The experiment was conducted in two periods; first one from May to July and second one from August to October, each experiment with two varieties of cabbage and two varieties of radish with 2 replicants and 15 treatments. The results found from the above are briefly as follows: 1. Since the mean soil moisture equivalent 64 days after the treatment was 28.5% and the soil moisture content at the time was 2.67% which is far less than that of the wilting point, the crop seemed to be extremely caused by a drought. 2. The rate of 51 days after the seeding, soil moisture content of plot No.2 where irrigation has been continuous was the highest or 21.3%, whereas the plot No.14 without irrigations was 11.2% and the lowest. Therefore, the soil moisture content for the minimum qrowth seemed to be 20%. 3. The consumptive coefficient of Blaney and Criddle on cabbage in two periods were K=1.14 and 0.97 respectively, and on radish in two periods were K=1.06 and 0.86 respectively, thus, cabbage was higher than radish. The consumptive coefficient in the first experiment (May-July) was 0.17 to 0.20 higher than the 2nd experiment(August-October). 4. Nomally, cabbage and radish germinate within one week, however, the germination ot these crops which were treated with a suspended water supply from the beginning took two full weeks. 5. When it elapsed 30 days after seeding, the conditions in plot 1,2 and 3 were fairly good however, the crops in the plops other than these showed a withering and the leaves were withered and changed into high green due to an extrem drought. Though it was about same at the beginning, the drought damage on cabbage was worse than that on radish period, and the reasos for this appears in the latter that the roots are grown too deep. 6. The cabbage showed a high affinity between treated plots and varieties. Consequently, it can be said that cabbage is very suseptive to drought damage, and the yield showed a difference of 35% to 56% depending on the selection oe varieties. 7. The radish also showed a high affinity between the treated plots, however, almost us affinity existed between varieties. Therfore, the yield of radish largely depends on the extent of drought, and the selection of variety does not affect at all. 8. The normal consumptive use on cabbage is $0.62{\ell}/sec$, while that on radish is $0.64{\ell}/sec$, and the minimum optimum water requirement that was obtained in this study is $4,000cc/day/m^3$ or $0.462{\ell}/sec/ha$.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.531-536
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• 2013

We developed a simple, sensitive, and specific analytical method for prometryn using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Prometryn is a selective herbicide used for the control of annual grasses and broadleaf weeds in cotton and celery crops. On the basis of high specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility, combined with simple analytical operation, we propose that our newly developed method is suitable for use as a Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS, Korea) official method in the routine analysis of individual pesticide residues. Further, the method is applicable in clams. The separation condition for GC-MS was optimized by using a DB-5MS capillary column ($30m{\times}0.25mm$, 0.25 ${\mu}m$) with helium as the carrier gas, at a flow rate of 0.9 mL/min. We achieved high linearity over the concentration range 0.02-0.5 mg/L (correlation coefficient, $r^2$ >0.998). Our method is specific and sensitive, and has a quantitation limit of 0.04 mg/kg. The average recovery in clams ranged from 84.0% to 98.0%. The reproducibility of measurements expressed as the coefficient of variation (CV%) ranged from 3.0% to 7.1%. Our analytical procedure showed high accuracy and acceptable sensitivity regarding the analytical requirements for prometryn in fishery products. Finally, we successfully applied our method to the determination of residue levels in fishery products, and showed that none of the analyzed samples contained detectable amounts of residues.