Browse > Article

Clinical Features of Acute Pancreatitis in Children  

Seo, Jung-Ho (Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pusan National University)
Kim, Seong-Heon (Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pusan National University)
Jeong, Sang-Geon (Good Gangahn Hospital)
Park, Jae-Hong (Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pusan National University)
Publication Information
Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition / v.13, no.1, 2010 , pp. 58-65 More about this Journal
Abstract
Purpose: Since there are few studies involving acute pancreatitis in children, we reviewed our experience with this medical condition to describe the clinical features. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted by reviewing the medical records of 41 patients with AP who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics of Pusan National University Hospital between January 1996 and June 2007. Results: Twenty males and 21 females (mean age, 8.7${\pm}$4.5 years) were included. In 22 patients (53.7%), no definitive causes were found. The most common etiologies were choledochal cysts (22.0%). Necrotizing pancreatitis was diagnosed in 5 patients (12.2%), and recurrent acute pancreatitis in 4 patients (9.8%). CT findings included pancreatic swelling (43.9%), peripancreatic fluid collection (29.3%), ascites (24.4%), and peripancreatic fat necrosis (12.2%). Serum amylase and lipase levels at diagnosis were 535.3${\pm}$553.2 and 766.2${\pm}$723.6 U/L, respectively, and were normalized within 1 week in 22 and 14 patients, respectively. On the basis of the Balthazar scale, 2 patients were diagnosed with severe AP. In 4 patients (9.8%), a surgical procedure was indicated. Major complications included ascites (32.3%), sepsis (16.1%), and pseudocyst and renal impairments (12.9%). Two patients died from multi-organ failure. Conclusion: The etiologies of AP in children are varied. Most children have a single episode and a self-limited course. However, AP of childhood still carries significant morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis, appropriate treatment according to disease severity, and management of complications are important.
Keywords
Acute pancreatitis; Children;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Ziegler DW, Long JA, Philippart AI. Pancreatitis in childhood. Ann Surg 1988;207:s257-61.   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Lopez MJ. The changing incidence of acute pancreatitis in children: a single-institution perspective. J Pediatr 2002;140:622-4.   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Wilson C, Heath DI, Imrie CW. Prediction of outcome in acute pancreatitis comparative study of APACHE II, clinical assessment and multiple factor scoring systems. Br J Surg 1990;77:1260-4.   DOI   ScienceOn
4 John HC, Ranson BM. Diagnostic standards for acute pancreatitis. World J Surg 1997;21:136-42.   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Tran DD, Cuesta MA. Evaluation of severity in patients with acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol 1992;87:604-8.
6 Nydegger A, Hein RG. Changing incidence of acute pancreatitis: 10-year experience at the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007;22:1313-6.   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Werlin SL, Kugathasan S, Frautschy BC. Pancreatitis in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2003;37:591-5.   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Cho JH, Lee TS, Ko YG, Oh SM. Acute pancreatitis in children. J Korean Association Pediatr Surgeons 1996;2:17-25.
9 Choi YI, Seo JK. Evaluation of severity of childhood pancreatitis with multiple factor scoring systems. Korean J Pediatr 1995;12:1653-63.
10 Park JE, Kim KM. Etiology and analysis of severity in childhood pancreatitis. Korean J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1999;2:194-203.
11 Knaus WA, Draper EA, Wagner DP, Zimmerman JE. APACHE II: A severity of disease classification system. Crit Care Med 1985;13:818-29.   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Osborne DH, Imrie CW, Carter DC. Biliary surgery in the same admission for gallstone-associated acute pancreatitis. Br J Surg 1981;68:758-61.   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Frank AW, Maik K, Ina H, Thomas F, Christoph AJ, Hans G, et al. Effects of octreotide in acute hemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis in rats. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007;22:1872-6.   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Chatzicostas C, Roussomoustakaki M, Vardas E, Romanos J, Kouroumalis EA. Balthazar computed tomography severity index is superior to Ranson criteria and APACHE II and III scoring systems in predicting acute pancreatitis outcome. J Clin Gastroenterol 2003;36:253-60.   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Singer MV, Gyr K, Sarles H. Revised classification of pancreatitis. Report of the Second International Symposium on the Classification of Pancreatitis in Marseille, France, March 28-30, 1984. Gastroenterology 1985;89:683-5.   DOI
16 Marik PE, Zaloga GP. Meta-analysis of parenteral nutrition versus enteral nutrition in patients with acute pancreatitis. BMJ 2004;328:1407.   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Seta T, Noguchi Y, Shimada T, Shikata S, Fukui T. Treatment of acute pancreatitis with protease inhibitors: a meta-analysis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2004;16:1287-93.   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Haddock G, Youngson CG. Acute pancreatitis in children: a 15-year review. J Pediatr Surg 1994;29:719-22.   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Stefan H, Markus S, Valentin R, Pierre AC. Evidencebased treatment of acute pancreatitis; a look at established paradigms. Ann Surg 2006;243:154-68.   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Balthazar EJ, Robinson DL, Megibow AJ, Ranson JH. Acute pancreatitis: value of CT in establishing prognosis. Radiology 1990;174:331-6.   DOI
21 Nydegger A, Couper RT, Oliver MR. Childhood pancreatitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006;21:499-509.   DOI   ScienceOn
22 Choi WI, Ahn YH, Park CS, Jo J, Yoo BD, Lee DP. A clinical study of acute pancreatitis. J Korean Soc Emerg Med 1998;9:277-85.
23 Eichelberger MR, Hoelzer DJ, Koop CE. Acute pancreatitis: the difficulties of diagnosis and therapy. J pediatr Surg 1983;17:244-54.
24 Blamey Sl, Imrie CW, D'Neil J, Gilmour WH, Carter DC. Prognostic factors in acute pancreatitis. Gut 1984;25:1340-6.   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Ranson JHC, Rifkind KM, Roses DF, Fink SO, Eng K, Spencer FC. Prognostic signs and the roles of operative management in acute pancreatitis. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1974;139:69-81.