• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.166-174
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• 2021

Multiple myeloma is a malignant cancer of plasma cells. Despite recent progress with immunomodulatory drugs and proteasome inhibitors, it remains an incurable disease that requires other strategies to overcome its recurrence and non-response. Based on the high expression levels of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in human multiple myeloma isolated from bone marrow and the murine myeloma cell lines, NS-1 and MOPC-315, we propose PD-L1 molecule as a target of anti-multiple myeloma therapy. We developed a novel anti-PD-L1 antibody containing a murine immunoglobulin G subclass 2a (IgG2a) fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain that can induce antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. The newly developed anti-PD-L1 antibody showed significant antitumor effects against multiple myeloma in mice subcutaneously, intraperitoneally, or intravenously inoculated with NS-1 and MOPC-315 cells. The anti-PD-L1 effects on multiple myeloma may be related to a decrease in the immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), but there were no changes in the splenic MDSCs after combined treatment with lenalidomide and the anti-PD-L1 antibody. Interestingly, the newly developed anti-PD-L1 antibody can induce antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in the myeloma cells, which differs from the existing anti-PD-L1 antibodies. Collectively, we have developed a new anti-PD-L1 antibody that binds to mouse and human PD-L1 and demonstrated the antitumor effects of the antibody in several syngeneic murine myeloma models. Thus, PD-L1 is a promising target to treat multiple myeloma, and the novel anti-PD-L1 antibody may be an effective anti-myeloma drug via antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity effects.

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.21-26
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• 1999

쌍떡잎식물체 형질전환에 널리 쓰이는 Agrobacterium의 binary vector를 이용하여 왜화성을 나타내는 pGA643-rolC gene을 엽절편 transformation방법으로 petunia에 도입하였다. Petunia hybrida의 재분화에 있어 엽조직으로부터 식물체 재분화에 미치는 생장조절물질의 효과는 0.1mg/L NAA와 1.0mg/L BA의 조합에서 높았고 재분화된 식물체도 양호하였다. 식물체 형질전환 선발배지에 에틸렌 억제제인 AgNO$_3$와 KMnO$_4$의 첨가시 형질전환체 재분화율이 높게 나타났으며, AgNO$_3$에 비해 KMnO$_4$처리구에서 보다 많은 식물체 재분화율을 나타내었으나 AgNO$_3$와 KMnO$_4$의 고농도 첨가시 다소의 유리화 현상이 발생하였으므로 3mg/L KMnO$_4$ 첨가가 식물체 재분화에 적합한 것으로 생각된다. 항생제 200mg/L kanamycin, 500mg/L carbenicylin 과 1.0 mg/L BA, 0.1mg/L NAA가 첨가된 형질전환 선발배지에서 엽절편으로 부터 형질전환 된 것으로 추정되는 식물체들을 일차 선발하였고 기외로 이식한 후 genomic DNA를 분리하여 Southern blot analysis법으로 분석한 결과 외래 유전자가 식물체의 genomic DNA내로 삽입된 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.467-476
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• 1994

Lactobacillus casei HY 2782, prophage cured strain was characterized to be stable as much as L casei YIT 9018, parent strain. By southern hybridization, it was confirmed that the temperate phage was incorporated in chromosomal DNA of L. casei YIT 9018 as a prophage. It was also proved that the prophage was cured from chromosomal DNA of L casei HY 2782. The growth rate, lactic acid producing ability, carbohydrates fermentation, and enzymatic activity of L. casei HY 2782 were found to be similar to those of L. casei YIT 9018. When L casei HY 2782 was used as a host, the multiplicity of infection (M.O.I.) of the temperate phage for L. casei HY 2782 was 1.0~5.0. Restriction enzyme analysis of pLC90 plasmid from L. casei HY 2782 was shown that the size was an approximately 68.22 kb. The plasmid profiles, genomic DNA patterns, and cellular fatty acids composition of L. casei HY 2782 were similar to those of L casei YIT 9018. And the major fatty acids composition of these strains were C$_{14;0}$,C$_{16;1}$, C$_{16;0}$, C$_{18;1}$ and C$_{19;cyclo-}$ 10 sets of arbitrary primer in the PCR were screened to find differentiation against two strains of L. casei. Among them, b$_{5}-1/17-1 primer was produced an approximately 1.3 kb DNA band of only L casei YIT 9018. And b$_{5}-2/17-2 primer was produced an approximately 1.0 kb DNA band of only L casei HY 2782.

• 분석과학
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.54-66
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• 2002

금호강 수계의 수질판정과 낙동강 본류에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 2000년 5월부터 2001년 2월까지 5월, 8월 및 12월 3회에 걸쳐 16개 지점에서 BOD 등 총 24개 항목의 수질을 측정하였다. 각 지점별 항목별 대표적인 특징을 조사기간 전 3년간의 연구결과("전 연구결과")와 비교하여 다으과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 조사기간의 금호강 전 지점에 대한 각 항목의 평균값은 다음과 같다. 수온 $17.71^{\circ}C$, pH 8.06, BOD $2.26{\mu}g/mL$ COD $5.58{\mu}g/mL$, DO $7.13{\mu}g/mL$ SS $4.73{\mu}g/mL$ 전기전도도 $570.0{\mu}S/cm$ 유지류 $0.20{\mu}g/mL$ ABS $0.016{\mu}g/mL$ Phenol $0.29{\mu}g/mL$ 영양염류인 Total-N $5.03{\mu}g/mL$ Total-P $0.27{\mu}g/mL$ 이 었다. 중금속류인 Cu $0.005{\mu}g/mL$, Zn $0.007{\mu}g/mL$ Fe $0.044{\mu}g/mL$, Mn $0.001{\mu}g/mL$ 이었다. 한편 As, Cd, Cr 및 Pb는 불검출되었다. 금호강 전 지점에서 평균값으로 "전 연구결과" 와 비교할 때에 오염이 증가된 항목은 페놀 $NH_3-N$와 $NO_2-N$이며, 감소된 항목은 BOD, COD, SS, 유지류 ABS 등이고, 기타 항목은 비슷한 결과를 보였다. 금호강 수질이 낙동강의 수질에 미치는 영향의 정도는 다음과 같다. 금호강 하천수의 유입 전 지점 14와 유입 후 지점 16의 평균값으로서 BOD 1.07 에서 $1.42{\mu}g/mL$ COD 1.99에서 $2.44{\mu}g/mL$ 전기 전도도 221에서 $392{\mu}S/cm$ 총질소 2.21에서 $2.81{\mu}g/mL$ 총인 0.08에서 $0.19{\mu}g/mL$ 유지류 0.15에서 $0.16{\mu}g/mL$ ABS 0.006에서 $0.015{\mu}g/mL$ 페놀 0.06에서 $0.07{\mu}g/mL$으로 변화를 보였다.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 1999

An experimental study of twin-fluid atomization for powder metallurgy has been conducted using a specially designed atomizer in which liquid is first spread into a thin sheet and then exposed on both sides to high-velocity air. Inner air jet worked for supplying liquid and outer air jets disintegrated liquid sheet. The first result of this study were confined to the effect of atomizing quality through experiments with water. The experimental data will be extend to include the influence of atomizing air velocities on mean particle size through experiments with molten material. An experimental equation on the relationship between SMD and the related parameters was taken out; $$SMD=0.00302\frac{{(\sigma_L\;\rho_L\;D_L)}^{0.5}}{\rho_A(V_1+1.155\;V_2)/2}(1+\frac{W_L}{(W_{A1}/3.33)+W_{A2}})+0.0148(\frac{{\mu_L}^2}{\sigma_L\;\rho_L})^{0.425} \;{D_L}^{0.575}(1+\frac{W_L}{(W_{A1}/3.33)+W_{A2}})^2$$.

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.305-308
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• 1998

키위의 엽육조직과 엽병조직을 치상하여 캘러스 및 부정아형성에 미치는 생장조절제의 효과를 조사한 결과 기관분 화성 캘러스형성은 2,4-D와 kinetin을 조합한 배지에서보다 NAA와 BA를 조합한 배지에서 양호하였고, 부정아 형성은 NAA와 BA를 조합한 배지에서만 형성되었으며 엽병조직보다 엽육조직을 배양하였을 때 반응이 양호하였다. 유도된 캘러스와 부정아로부터 신초의 형성은 MS기본배지에 0.1mg/L NAA와 2.0mg/L zeatin을 첨가한 배지에 계대배양하였을 때가 가장 효과적이었다. 신초의 발근은 1.0 mg/L IBA용액에 1시간 신초를 침지한 후 0.5 mg/L IAA와 0.1mg/L BA를 첨가한 배지에 배양하면 IBA용액에 침지처리 하지 않은 것보다 더 효과적이었으며 정상식물체로 발달하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2007

The majority of soil microorganisms can derive ethylene from L-methionine (L-MET), while some rhizobacteria can hydrolyze 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) due to their ACC-deaminase activity. In this study, three strains having either ACC-deaminase activity (Pseudomonas putida biotype A, $A_7$), or the ability to produce ethylene from L-MET (Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, $M_9$) or both (Pseudomonas fluorescens, $AM_3$) were used for inoculation. The highly ethylene specific bioassay of a classical 'triple' response in pea seedlings was used to investigate the effect of the inoculation with the rhizobacteria in the presence of 10 mM ACC or L-MET. The exogenous application of ACC had a concentration-dependent effect on the etiolated pea seedlings in creating the classical 'triple' response. The inoculation with P. putida diluted the effect of ACC, which was most likely due to its ACC-deaminase activity. Similarly, the application of $Co^{2+}$ reduced the ACC-imposed effect on etiolated pea seedlings. In contrast, the inoculation of A. calcoaceticus or P. fluorescens in the presence of L-MET caused a stronger classical 'triple' response in etiolated pea seedlings; most likely by producing ethylene from L-MET. This is the first study, to our knowledge, reporting on the comparative effect of rhizobacteria capable of utilizing ACC vs L-MET on etiolated pea seedlings.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.95-100
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• 2003

Ornamental pepper의 생장과 착과에 미치는 개화 후 비료 농도의 영향을 구명하기 위하여 정식 후부터 개화시까지 $100\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}\;(EC=0.8\;dS{\cdot}m^{-1})$의 N농도로 재배하였고 그 후부터 0, 100, 200, $300\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$의 N 농도(EC=0.15, 0.8, 1.45, $2.1\;dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$)로 처리하여 수확시까지 재배하였다. $200 \;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$의 N 농도 처리에서 최대 엽면적과 건물을 수확했으며 식물체당 전체 과일 무게도 가장 무거웠다. 100, 200, $300\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$의 N농도에서는 식물체당 과일 수에서 차이가 없었으며, $0\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$의 N농도에서 과일수가 현저히 감소하였으나 과일의 착색비율은 높았다. 100, 200, $300\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$의 N 농도로 화분에 관비했을 때 화분내 배지의 EC는 각각 0.8에서 $1.2dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$, 2.0에서 $3.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$, 3.0에서 $4.5dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ 수준을 나타냈다. 200과 $300\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$의 N농도 처리구에서 배지의 pH가 낮았는데 특히 생육후기에는 4.9정도까지 낮아졌다. 식물체내 무기성분 함량은 대부분 개화 후 비료의 농도에 의해 영향 받지 않았으나 오직 aluminum은 비료의 농도가 증가함에 따라 직선적으로 감소하였다. 이 실험에서 ornamental pepper의 상업적 생산을 위해서는 개화 후 질소의 농도를 100에서 $200\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 농도로 하는 것이 좋으며, 이 때 배지의 EC는 0.8에서 $3\;dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$로 비교적 넓은 범위를 보였다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.363-368
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• 2008

Two genes of temperate mycobacteriophage L5, namely, gp63 and gp64, were hypothesized to be toxic to M. smegmatis. An identical L5 gp64 ortholog (designated hlg1) was cloned from homoimmune mycobacteriophage L1 and characterized at length here. As expected, hlg1 affected the growth of M. smegmatis when overexpressed from a resident plasmid. HLG1 (the protein encoded by hlg1) in fact caused growth retardation of M. smegmatis and the region encompassing its 57-114 C-terminal amino acid residues was found indispensable for its growthretardation activity. Both nucleic acid and protein biosynthesis were severely impaired in M. smegmatis expressing HLG1. Interestingly, HLG1 also affected E. coli almost similarly. This putative delayed early lipoprotein did not participate in the lytic growth of L1.

• BMB Reports
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.12-20
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• 2021

In the last decade, we have witnessed an unprecedented clinical success in cancer immunotherapies targeting the programmed cell-death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and programmed cell-death 1 (PD-1) pathway. Besides the fact that PD-L1 plays a key role in immune regulation in tumor microenvironment, recently a plethora of reports has suggested a new perspective of non-immunological functions of PD-L1 in the regulation of cancer intrinsic activities including mesenchymal transition, glucose and lipid metabolism, stemness, and autophagy. Here we review the current understanding on the regulation of expression and intrinsic protumoral activity of cancer-intrinsic PD-L1.