• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 2015

A comparative study on response of a toxic compound thiocyanate ($SCN^-$) was carried out in continuous and fed batch moving bed reactor systems. Both systems had three sequential anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic reactors and operated at same hydraulic retention time. Feed $SCN^-$ was first increased from 600 mg/L to 1,000 mg/L for 3 days (shock 1) and then from 600 to 1,200 mg/L for 3 days (shock 2). In anaerobic continuous reactor, increase of effluent COD (chemical oxygen demand) due to shock load was only 2%, whereas in fed batch reactor it was 14%. In anoxic fed batch reactor recovery was partial in terms of $SCN^-$, phenol, COD and $NO{_3}{^-}$-N and $NO{_2}{^-}$-N removals and in continuous reactor complete recovery was possible. In both systems, inhibition was more significant on aerobic reactors than anaerobic and anoxic reactors. In aerobic reactors ammonia removal efficiency deteriorated and damage was irreversible. Present study showed that fed batch reactors showed higher substrate removal efficiency than continuous reactors during regular operation, but are more susceptible to toxic feed shock load and in nitrifying reactor damage was irreversible.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.10 no.2 s.23
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• pp.67-71
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• 2007

Objectives : This experimental study was performed to investigate the continuous anti-bacterial potency of Tangpo-san on cultivation of Staphylococcus species(S. aureus, S. epidermidis)that induce eye disease. Methods : Minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) was measured by dropping to 50 ${\mu}$l diluted Tangpo-san(100%, 10%, 1%, 0.1%) on S. aureus, S. epidermidis that were cultivated from 2 to 6 days. Anti-bacterial potency was measured by the size of inhibition zone with change of volume(20 ${\mu}$l,30 ${\mu}$l,40 ${\mu}$l,50 ${\mu}$l). Results : 1. Anti-bacterial potency of Tanpo-san on S. aureus was not appeared all samples. Anti-bacterial potency with change of volume was increased in propotion to increase volume, and the Anti-bacterial potency of 2 days was equal to 6 days. Anti-bacterial potency of Tangpo-san on S. aureus was appeared continuous. 2. Anti-bacterial potency of Tangpo-san on S. epidermidis was appeared in 100%, 10% on 2 and 6 days, and the Anti-bacterial potency of 6 days was decreased. In 2 days, Anti-bacterial potency was appeared 40 and 50u1, in 6 days, Anti-bacterial potency was appeared all samples. Anti-bacterial potency with change of volume was increased in propotion to increase volume and increased on 6 days, but bacteria was increased. Anti-bacterial potency of Tangpo-san on S. epidermidis wasn't appeared continuous. Conclusions : Anti-bacterial potency of Tangpo-san on cultivation of S. aureus showed continuous, but on cultivation of S. epidermidis was not showed continuous.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.10 no.2 s.23
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• pp.19-23
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• 2007

Objectives : This experimental study was performed to investigate the continuous anti-bacterial potency of Sean-tang on cultivation of Staphylococcus species(S. aureus, S. epidermidis) that induce eye disease. Methods : Minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) was measured by dropping to 50${\mu}$l diluted Sean-tang(100%, 10%,1%, 0.1%) on S. aureus, S. epidermidis that were cultivated from 2 to 6 days. 1. Anti-bacterial potency was measured by the size of inhibition zone with change of volume(20${\mu}$l, 30${\mu}$l, 40${\mu}$l, 50${\mu}$l). Results : 1. Anti-bacterial potency of Sean-tang on S. aureus was appeared in 100% and increased on 6 days. Anti-bacterial potency with change of volume was increased in propotion to increase volume. Anti-bacterial potency of Sean-tang on S. aureus was appeared continuous. 2. Anti-bacterial potency of S. epidermidis was appeared in 100%, 10%, 1% on 2 days and in100%, 10% on 6 days. In 100% Sean-tang, Anti-bacterial potency of 6 days was increased, in 10%, 1%, Anti-bacterial potency of 2 days was increased. Anti-bacterial potency with change of volume was increased inpropotion to increase volume and increased on 6 days, but bacteria was increased. Anti-bacterial potency Sean-tang on S. epidermidis wasn't appeared continuous. Conclusions : Anti-bacterial potency of Sean-tang on cultivation of S. aureus was showed continuous, but on cultivation of S. epidermidis was not showed continuous.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.70-75
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• 1991

Continuous and simultaneous production of gluconic acid and sorbitol from glucose and fructose was carried out by using glucose-fructose oxidoreductase and glucanolactonase of Zymomonas mobilis. In order to utilize the enzymes without purification, Zymomonas mobilis was permeabilized with toluene. Optimum conditions for permeabilization and reaction kinetics of permeabilized Zymomonas mobilis were studied. In batch operation with the permeabilized cells immobilized in alginate beads, about 90% conversion was obtained within 35 h reaction. Continuous production of gluconic acid and sorbitol using the immobilized permeabilized cells was carried out. Optimum conditions for continuous operation with the imn~obilized cells were; pH 6.2 and temperature $40^{\circ}C$. Maximum productivities for gluconic acid and sorbitol were about 14.5 g/l/h and 14.8 g/l/h respectively at the dilution rate of 0.075 $h^{-1}$ when 300 g/l each of substrates was fed.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.68-74
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• 1997

The conversion of D-sorbitol to L-sorbose by Gluconobater suboxydans was analyzed, and continuous production of L-sorbose was carried out in immobilized cell reactors. L-Sorbose production by high densities of resting cells was more effective than by conventional batch fermentations. Sorbitol dehydrogenase, an enzyme converting D-sorbitol to L-sorbose, did not suffer from substrate inhibition, but from product inhibition. When L-sorbose production was carried out with Ca-alginate-immobilized cells, about 60 g/l of L-sorbose was obtained. On the other hand, when the corn steep liquor (CSL) concentration of medium was reduced to 0.08%, 80 g/l of L-sorbose was obtained. Outgrowth inside the immobilized carriers was thought to block the pores of the carriers so that substrate could not easily diffuse through the carriers. Continuous production of L-sorbose was well accomplished in a bubble column reactor, and 6. 5 g/l.h of productivity and 81.2% of yield were obtained at a substrate feeding rate of 0.08h$^{-1}$ under the optimum conditions with carrier volume of 55% and aeration rate of 3 vvm.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.419-427
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• 2009

To test applicability for continuous flow treatment of ultrasound technology, sonolysis of TCE aqueous solution using 584 kHz multi irradiation reactor was performed under batch and continuous flow conditions. Under batch condition (3 and 4 sides irradiation, 600 W), first order degradation rate constant of TCE was higher under 4 sides than 3 sides irradiation conditions, while the generation of $H_2O_2$ and chloride was similar under both irradiation conditions. Under continuous flow condition with 4 sides irradiation, removal efficiencies of TCE in steady-state were decreased from 83 to 48% with increasing flow rate from 67 to 300 mL/min at 600 W, and were increased from 14 to 75% with increasing acoustic power from 100 to 600 W at 100 mL/min. Removal efficiency of TCE in groundwater was decreased 10% compared to in distilled water at 100 mL/min and 600 W.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.374-380
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• 2006

In this study, glucose, sucrose, and dextrin were found to be better carbon sources for the production of pullulan by Aureobasidium pullulans HP-2001. Maximal production of pullulan with 200 g/l sucrose as a carbon source was 54.2 g/l. The highest yield of pullulan from sucrose was 0.40, when the sugar concentration was 100 g/1. Optimal conditions for the continuous production of pullulan by A. pullulans HP-2001 in a 7-1 bioreactor were determined by studying the effects of composition of feed solution, dilution rate, and concentration of sucrose in the feed solution. Pullulan concentration and productivity with 100 g/l glucose and 2.5 g/l yeast extract were 38.1 g/l and 0.53 g/l h for 72 h, respectively, in a batch culture of A. pullulans HP-2001. When the substituted medium contained 100 g/l sucrose, 2.5 g/l yeast extract, and mineral salts, which is the same composition as the medium for the production of pullulan, the pullulan concentration and productivity were 74.9 g/l and 0.55 g/l h for 120 h, respectively. The production of pullulan at the steady state increased with a dilution rate up to 0.015/h, and its concentration was 78.4 g/l with a weight average molecular weight ($M_w$) of $4.0{\times}10^5$. Unlike a batch culture, however, the decline of the $M_w$ and the number average molecular weight ($M_n$) of pullulan was not found in the continuous culture of A. pullulans HP-2001. When the concentration of sucrose in the feed solution was 200 g/l, 113.5 g/l of pullulan was obtained at the steady state. The steady state was maintained longer in the continuous culture fed with the feed solution containing 200 g/l sucrose than when fed with the feed solutions containing either 100 or 150 g/l sucrose.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.933-944
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• 2013

Based on the four kinds of theoretical definitions of the continuous module homomorphism between random locally convex modules, we first show that among them there are only two essentially. Further, we prove that such two are identical if the family of $L^0$-seminorms for the former random locally convex module has the countable concatenation property, meantime we also provide a counterexample which shows that it is necessary to require the countable concatenation property.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.639-646
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• 2012

The exponential continuous time GARCH(p,q) model for financial assets suggested by Haug and Czado (2007) is considered, where the log volatility process is driven by a general L$\acute{e}$vy process and the price process is then obtained by using the same L$\acute{e}$vy process as driving noise. Uniform ergodicity and ${\beta}$-mixing property of the log volatility process is obtained by adopting an extended generator and drift condition.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.517-526
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• 2001

In this paper, we study the continuous wavelet transform on the Heisenberg group H$^n$, and describe the related continuous multiscale analysis. By using the wavelet packet transform we obtain a reconstruction formula on L$^2$(H$^n$).