• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.51-61
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• 2015

The purpose of this study were to translate the Fullerton Advanced Balance (FAB) scale into Korean and to verify the content validity by utilizing a back-translation method with a view to assessing balance function and the risk of falling in a clinical research setting. This research was conducted in six steps. First, three Korean physical therapists translated the FAB scale into Korean. Second, two bilingual professors of physical therapy and a physical therapist evaluated translation conformity of Korean-translated FAB scale. In the third and fourth steps, twelve physical therapists evaluated the degree of translation comprehension, and a translator back-translated the Korean FAB scale into the original language. Fifth, a bilingual professor of physical therapy and two native speakers evaluated the technical and conceptual equivalence between the original and translation versions. In this process, inappropriate translated items were revised using recommended substitute words or sentences, and all items were evaluated on the basis of three points or more on a rating scale in terms of translation comprehension, and the technical and conceptual equivalence of the back-translation. In the sixth and last step, the translation verification committee completed the final Korean version. The above process indicated that the content validity of the Korean-translated FAB scale was established by means of systematic translation methods, and it can therefore be used to assess balance function and the risk of falls in a clinical research setting.

• 한국정보과학회 언어공학연구회:학술대회논문집(한글 및 한국어 정보처리)
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• 한국정보과학회언어공학연구회 2018년도 제30회 한글 및 한국어 정보처리 학술대회
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• pp.504-509
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• 2018

Neural machine translation (NMT) has recently achieved the state-of-the-art performance. However, it is reported failing in the word sense disambiguation (WSD) for several popular language pairs. In this paper, we explore the extent to which NMT systems are able to disambiguate the Korean homographs. Homographs, words with different meanings but the same written form, cause the word choice problems for NMT systems. Consistent with the popular language pairs, we discover that NMT systems fail to translate Korean homographs correctly. We provide a Korean word sense disambiguation tool-UTagger to use for improvement of NMT's translation quality. We conducted translation experiments using Korean-English and Korean-Vietnamese language pairs. The experimental results show that UTagger can significantly improve the translation quality of NMT in terms of the BLEU, TER, and DLRATIO evaluation metrics.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2019

This paper presents CTP (Compact Translation Page), a compact representation of translation pages, for page mapping-based flash translation layers to improve RAM utilization and reduce the response time of solid state drives. CTP can store translation information twice in a translation page and the total number of translation pages stored in flash is reduced to half. Therefore, CTP halves the RAM size of the directory of translation pages and uses the saved RAM space for translation cache. CTP shows the best response time when compared to existing page mapping-based flash translation layers.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.114-120
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• 2016

Objectives : It aims to establish a basic rule in Korean translation of the pathway of lung meridian in Miraculous Pivot Meridian vessel. Based on the rule, We tried to make standard translation of the pathway of lung meridian in Miraculous Pivot Meridian vessel. Methods : Books needed for this study were collected through searching Kyunghee University Library(http:// khis.khu.ac.kr). Keywords included "Miraculous Pivot of Huangdi's Internal Classic". We also include the book which is generally used as a textbook in Colleges of Korean Medicine. Results : In five Chinese books, the word-spacing was used differently in four phrases. Six Korean-translated books had the different translation in three phrases. We suggested a standard Korean translation of the pathway of lung meridian in Miraculous Pivot Meridian vessel. Conclusions : This result of the study would be expected to not only be published in Korean Journal of Acupuncture but be studied more about Korean translation by experts in this field.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.165-171
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• 2018

As the artificial intelligence (AI) plays a crucial role in machine translation (MT) which has loomed large as a new translation paradigm, concerns have also arisen if MT can produce a quality product as human translation (HT) can. In fact, several MT experimental studies report cases in which the MT product called post-editing (PE) as equally as HT or often superior ([1],[2],[6]). As motivated from those studies on translation quality between HT and PE, this study set up an experimental situation in which Korean literature was translated into English, comparatively, by 3 translators and 3 post-editors. Afterwards, a group of 3 other Koreans checked for accuracy of HT and PE; a group of 3 English native speakers scored for fluency of HT and PE. The findings are (1) HT took the translation time, at least, twice longer than PE. (2) Both HT and PE produced similar error types, and Mistranslation and Omission were the major errors for accuracy and Grammar for fluency. (3) HT turned to be inferior to PE for both accuracy and fluency.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2015

Objectives : The aim of this study is to develop the official Korean translation of the CARE guidelines. Methods : CARE guidelines were developed in 2013 though a consensus of experts led by the CARE group. It is the first reporting guideline for case reports that includes a 13-item checklist. We contacted the main author of the original manuscript and obtained permission to develop the Korean translation. The translation process followed a systematic protocol designated by the CARE group which included an independent back translation and confirmation from the original author. Results : The Korean translation of the CARE guidelines was completed with approval from the original author. The Korean checklist is posted on the official website (www.care-statement.org) and the final translation of the manuscript is introduced in this article as an appendix. Conclusions : We hope that this will help introduce the CARE guidelines to Korean authors and other stakeholders, induce a more active use of reporting guidelines, and eventually contribute to the overall improvement of the reporting quality of case reports published in Korean literature.

• 한국어정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국어정보학회 2017년도 제29회 한글및한국어정보처리학술대회
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• pp.184-189
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• 2017

With the advent of robust deep learning method, Neural machine translation has recently become a dominant paradigm and achieved adequate results in translation between popular languages such as English, German, and Spanish. However, its results in under-resourced languages Korean and Vietnamese are still limited. This paper reports an attempt at constructing a bidirectional Korean-Vietnamese Neural machine translation system with the supporting of Korean analysis tool - UTagger, which includes morphological analyzing, POS tagging, and WSD. Experiment results demonstrate that UTagger can significantly improve translation quality of Korean-Vietnamese NMT system in both translation direction. Particularly, it improves approximately 15 BLEU scores for the translation from Korean to Vietnamese direction and 3.12 BLEU scores for the reverse direction.

• 한국정보과학회 언어공학연구회:학술대회논문집(한글 및 한국어 정보처리)
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• 한국정보과학회언어공학연구회 2017년도 제29회 한글 및 한국어 정보처리 학술대회
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• pp.184-189
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• 2017

With the advent of robust deep learning method, Neural machine translation has recently become a dominant paradigm and achieved adequate results in translation between popular languages such as English, German, and Spanish. However, its results in under-resourced languages Korean and Vietnamese are still limited. This paper reports an attempt at constructing a bidirectional Korean-Vietnamese Neural machine translation system with the supporting of Korean analysis tool - UTagger, which includes morphological analyzing, POS tagging, and WSD. Experiment results demonstrate that UTagger can significantly improve translation quality of Korean-Vietnamese NMT system in both translation direction. Particularly, it improves approximately 15 BLEU scores for the translation from Korean to Vietnamese direction and 3.12 BLEU scores for the reverse direction.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제3호
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• pp.231-248
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• 1997

With the trend of globalization more people are absorbing in the English learning programs. Not a few attend even the English-Korean translation training course to be semi-professional translators, but we English teachers have already experienced that it is not so easy to translate any language into another, and that it is far more difficult to translate poetry. Much time has been devoted to investigating the problems of translating poetry than any other mode. Poetry translation theory is concerned with the problem of faithfulness to the original poetry. To be a good translator we must fully understand the sound and sense of the original work. But when in translating English poetry into Korean we feel keenly our limits of understanding the sound and style of English poetry, and of expressing them into Korean. Even our sense-oriented translation is far from satisfactory. We often make quite a few mistranslation. Another immediate problem is that of alternation between word-for-word translation and free translation method, but first of all, we should have a perfect knowledge and understanding in English, and a good command of our mother tongue. We should also have a sound interpretation ability because poetry translation is based on the interpretation of the original, and on the shaping of that interpretation. Some doubts have been raised over the feasibility of poetry translation. They say it is not possible to combine in another language the emotion, the form, the style, the musical devices of English poetry. Yet the art of translation has been practiced everywhere in the world. Through this art we can share our experience and culture with foreigners and theirs with us.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.57-71
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• 2011

Although there have been many endeavors aimed at the standardization and globalization of Korean medicine over a long period of time, the access to information on Oriental medical classics has been relatively poor due to the lack of appropriate translation methodology and standard terminology. In order to overcome existing barriers, continuous effort towards precise translation adopting a standard terminology should be maintained. As a part of this procedure, we planned to publish a part of "Classic of difficult issues(難經)" in three sections, and the first two studies have already been published. Based on the methodology and approaches of previous studies, this third study aims to translate parts of "Classic of difficult issues(難經)" into English, beginning with "The Sixteenth Question", and adopting "WHO-IST" terminology. The outcomes of this study are presented as follows: First, based on the result of existing translation studies and the outcome of "WHO-IST", English translation of "Classic of difficult issues(難經)" from "the Sixteenth Question" to "The Twenty-second Question" is offered, hoping to set a model of translation study which can be communicated universally. Second, in order to pave the way for future success in establishing translation studies, it is natural to verify the effectiveness and practicality of standard terminologies including the outcome of "WHO-IST". Continuous translation studies will be required in order to obtain constant feedback and adopt more suitable guidelines during the standardization process. Taking this into consideration, further translation studies of Oriental medical classics including "Classic of difficult issues(難經)" should be continued.