• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.1061-1067
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• 2012

Rice cake is the most historical food which has been developed from settlement of agriculture and typical traditional food which has manufacture and food historical meaning. Because, the process of rice flour, raw ingredient of rice cake, tells remarkable food processing technology of our nation, and is original form of processed food that we has been taken before agricultural life begun. In this study, contents analysis method is used. Ingredients of rice cakes appeared in "Gyuhapchongseo" glutinous rice 12 times (42.8%), nonglutinous rice 10 times (35.7%), and the others 6 times (21.4%) used as the main ingredients of rice cake. the rice cake separated into 15 types (53.5%) of steamed rice cake, 2 types (7.1%) of pounded rice cake, 3 types (10.7%) of boiled rice cake, 7 types (25%) of sauteed rice cake, and 1 types (3.5%) of the others. it become data for knowing social and dietary culture of the time. And it is for presenting fundamental material of possibility of modern rice cake.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.137-152
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• 2020

In spite of the developing endovascular era, large (15-25 mm) and giant (>25 mm) wide-neck cerebral aneurysms remained technically challenging. Intracranial flow-diverting stents (FDS) were developed to address these challenges by targeting aneurysm hemodynamics to promote aneurysm occlusion. In 2011, the first FDS approved for use in the United States market. Shortly thereafter, the Pipeline of Uncoilable or Failed Aneurysms (PUFS) study was published demonstrating high efficacy and a similar complication profile to other intracranial stents. The initial FDA instructions for use (IFU) limited its use to patients 22 years old or older with wide-necked large or giant aneurysms of the internal carotid artery (ICA) from the petrous segment to superior hypophyseal artery/ophthalmic segment. Expanded IFU was tested in the Prospective Study on Embolization of Intracranial Aneurysms with PipelineTM Embolization Device (PREMIER) trial. With further post-approval clinical data, the United States FDA expanded the IFU to include patients with small or medium, wide-necked saccular or fusiform aneurysms from the petrous ICA to the ICA terminus. However, IFU is more restrictive in South Korea than in United States. Several systematic reviews and meta-analyses have sought to evaluate the overall efficacy of FDS for the treatment of cerebral aneurysms and consistently identify FDS as an effective technique for the treatment of aneurysms broadly with complication rates similar to other traditional techniques. A growing body of literature has demonstrated high efficacy of FDS for small aneurysms; distal artery aneurysms; non-saccular aneurysms posterior circulation aneurysms and complication rates similar to traditional techniques. In the short interval since the Pipeline Embolization Device was first introduced, FDS has been firmly entrenched as a powerful tool in the endovascular armamentarium. As new FDS are developed, established FDS are refined, and delivery systems are improved the uses for FDS will only expand further. Researchers continue to work to optimize the mechanical characteristics of the FDS themselves, aiming to optimize deploy ability and efficacy. With expanded use for small to medium aneurysms and posterior circulation aneurysms, FDS technology is firmly entrenched as a powerful tool to treat challenging aneurysms, both primarily and as an adjunct to coil embolization. With the aforementioned advances, the ease of FDS deployment will improve and complication rates will be further minimized. This will only further establish FDS deployment as a key strategy in the treatment of cerebral aneurysms.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.9
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• pp.115-144
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• 1982

In ordinary modern wester expression 'the Renaissance' was used to denote the impact made by dead Hellenism civilization in western Christendom, particularly Italian literary and artistic movement at Northern and central Italy in the late medieval period. However, A.J. Toynbee examined the renaissance from the different aspect of view. In his great work "A Study of History" in vol. IX, he succeeded in establishing the theory of historic civilization encounters in space and in time; and in time, civilization of the present and the past or between dead and infant successor contacts on the analogy of parenthood and sonship in the relation of A n.0, pparentation-and-Affiliation. The distinguished his view of 'Renaissance' was illustrated in the sense of encounters between a grown-up civilization and the 'ghost' of its long-dead predecessor. The renaissances (by the process of evocation of ghost of its parent society) has not only one single aspect of literary and artistic field but also in politics, law, science and philosophy, languages and literatures and visual arts, and religion. The main theme of this study is to examine the development of libraries and its historical meaning through Toynbee's literary renaissance. His renaissance of Languages and Literatures has three typical steps: They are: 1st step-to restive the dead literature's remains: 2nd step-to remaster their meaning: 3rd step-to reproduce them in counterfeits... Through its first and second steps, collecting and editing, annotating by compiling an anthology, thesaurus, lexicon or encyclopedia, and in its third step publishing mostly imitation of classics took place. Toynbee depicted the five outstanding eminent representatives of literary renaissance who had a n.0, ppeared on the state of history down to the time of writing. They are: Assurbanipal, Constantine prophyrogenitus, Yung Lo, K'ang Hsi, and Ch'ien Lung and the last four had all been emperors of imperia rediviva. As the result of the examination of these five emperors with three steps of literary renaissance, the common result may be summarized as follows: 1. Those emperors of imperia rediviva interested in intellectual work and study, they also were deeply involved in collecting classics in an ostensible reason. 2. There were strong political intention of collecting materials as an a n.0, ppeasement policy of civilization by transferring scholars energies to an intellectual field. 3. Under the rulers of a resuscitated universal state, the literary renaissance were a product of political plane and that the total size of collection and work were huge. 4. Since there were strong exercise of sovereign power, an active censorship by distortion and elimination was inevitable. 5. There existed newly developed strained atmosphere between grown-up and long-dead parent civilization, whenever the book collection movement had occurred. 6. Over adhesion to the parent civilization caused imitation of classic work and the creative activities were stagnated.stagnated.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.31
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• pp.145-164
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• 1997

Cinema costume can stimulate the public to synchronize with and replicate what they see in the movies. Especially when the public thinks the stars in the movies . Especially when the public thinks the stars in the movies are beautiful or dramatic the styles of cinema costumes powerfully affect them. Thus cinema costume designers quickey become fashion designers. Edith Head who strongly believed cinema costumes to be an effective means of portraying the Character's personality and psychological make-up was an innovative designer whose costumes manifested this belief. She enhanced the character's individual image and distinction for the public through her artistic design in costumes. She adapted a realistic approach but her costumes invariably produced aesthetic ef-fects. Since the Academy Awards added the category of costume design she led the field with 35 nominations and eight oscars during 33 years of her productive work. Edith head was a dominant figure in costume design; her creations were highly renowned as an art form while they gained popularity. The purpose of this study was to reveal the ef-fects of Edith Head's cinema costume designs on fashion. This study was also to emphasize the powerful influence on ashion of cinema costume and cinema costume designers in general. The study was done through literature movies for which she created costumes fashion magazines and Edith Head's original sketches. The influence of Edith Head's costume de-sign on fashion is as follows: 1. She introduced and lead the casual fashion in the 1950's combining simplicity and sophistication. 2. She altered uniforms and reconstructed public clothing for multiple functions. 3. She rearranged high school prom dresses through the movie 'A Place in the Sun" to en-hance characteristic of each gender and the Dandy Look of the 1930's into men's apparel in the 1970's through the movie "The Sting" 4. She expanded the traditional style in the 1940's and became a leader in ecological style. 5. She adapted glitter from astronaut's ap-parel into public clothing. 6. She resturctured Sabrina Pants in the 1960's to accentuate the individuals strength by overcoming one's weakness without minimi-zing it's aesthetic appeal and reintroduced the pants in the 1990's. 7. She introduced elegant negligees to gen-eral public and maintained it in the public do-main. As it is revealed Edith Head's costume de-sign not only impacted the field of fashion dur-ing her time but also is presently influencing modern fashion throughout the world as it is witnessed by repeated reintroduction of her fashion styles. Reviewing her cinema costumes it is concluded that cinema costumes it is concluded that cinema costumes powerfully af-fect the public through a visual channel more than any other routes. Cinema costumes can become the origin of fashion by stimulating the public to synchronize with and replicate what they see in the movies. Since cinema costumes can launch fashion trend it requires further research. Based on what is revealed in this study. it would be beneficial to examine how cinema costumes affect people socially and culturally and how they could provide resources for re-search in fashion trends. It is also the writers opinion that there should be more designers such as Edith head who could lead the field of costume design into the twenty-first century.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.84-100
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• 2013

Ancient Greece was a patriarchal society that distinguished gender roles between men and women. Although their costumes were composed of simple rectangular fabric without any technical complications in itself, the Greeks did try to express gender differences in their clothing. The final look of the Greek costume was dependent on the way the cloth draped onto its wearer as well as the wearer's identity. Greeks costume could just be seen as a rectangular fabric when it was not draped on a person's body. The purpose of this study is to examine how the gender differences were expressed in the ancient Greek drapery costume, which was made by using a completely different technical process, compared with the modern tailored costume. There are four elements of the costume that give the costume its formative shape, which are the wearer's body, the rectangular fabric (material as the first formative costume), the way the fabric is draped, and the final appearance as the second formative costume (the relationship between the wearer's body and the costume) and this study analyzes these elements individually. It is intended to analyze the gender characteristics and how each element appears in a different way from the perspective of Structuralism, an analytical method that considers a phenomenon as a total sum of the elements. Literature research was conducted and representative sculpture, painting and pottery, were used between the Archaic Period (B.C. 800~500) and the Classical Period (B.C. 500~323). The results show that the gender differences appear in each formative element of costume: First, the body was distinguished by the ancient Greek custom. The man's nudity was accepted while the woman's body was concealed. Second, in regards to the first formative costume, which was the rectangular fabric, men's were made with thick high quality wool because their involvement in outdoor activities meant that they needed clothes to stay warm, while the women wore clothes made of thin wool or hemp cloth, because their most of their activities were at home. Third, the way to drape the fabric shows the gender differences by changing the length of the clothing and its design ; men's short khiton was practical for big movement and at the same time the clothing exposed the man's body. The woman's doric khiton diversified its decoration by the size of the apotigma and by using the belt. Finally the second formative costume reflected the Greeks' social distinction between a man's body and a woman's body. The man's costume naturally exposed the man's body. On the other hand, the woman's long costume has a variety of shapes on the ground, that concealed her lower body, while the ornamental function was more accentuated than the man's costume. The gender differences expressed in Greek costume fundamentally reflected the point of view of the male and female body and their social roles in society.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.22
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• pp.277-296
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• 1994

The progressive artists in Austria including Gustav Klimt organized the Viennes Se-cessionist in 1897 and they took an active part in the reformation of the reformation of the applied art by accepting the Jugendstil standing for the true art. The vocabularies which characterize this group are decoration literature and the power of symbol. Klimt especially expressed these characteristics and his strong person-ality. For he created his works with the sym-bolic and friendly splendor through his highly decorative talents by accepting the enwly changed artistic situation in those days and by getting out of the naturalistic trends he was regarded as an avant-garde artist as a major figure among the Symbolist artists who revived European culture which was destroyed through the World War I. The characteristics of klimt's works was to express the various human thoughts and minds through the decorativeness and the femininity and to use the decorative elements of old Greek and Egyptian culture and Japanese art as the motives of his works, His art is to be found between the naturalistic characteristics and formalization as well as between the in-dustrial arts and the fine arts. In his many portraits he preferred women by trying to express eroticism hidden behind the human inner world. For this he demonstrated the attractiveness and the characteristics of the models by designing the illusionary and unique clothes. In general his genius was to be seen through the costume which was decorated with metals and jewels and through the characteristics of the modern costume in which the previous solid silhouette was removed and the gentle and elegant me-dium color was used. by accepting the new artistic trends in the turn of the century by fully expressing those characteristics in his creative world and by taking his theme from the eroticism through the decorativeness and the expression of women Gustav Klimt's uniquely decorative ex-pression completely realized the aesthetics of Jugendstil symbol decoration and expression which displayed not only the external appear-ance but also the inner world. Especially he created a new appearance emphasizing the costume of the characters in his works. Also through the costume he expressed his artistic consciousness and psy-chology. He showed the characteristics of the reformed costume through the medium color the simple forms and gentle silhouette. Also he tried to symbolize the passionate inner pow-er by designing the small mosaics such as the geometrical patterns whirlpool patterns and the indecent meanings all over the costume. Klmt's this kinds of attemps shows a Stil Kostume as the external outcome of the inner spiritual activities like art and it establishes a basis for the theory of costume are which deals with the concepts of costume from the artistics points of view. This tradition playing an important role in the contemporary history of costume even has been still inherited up to today.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.82-91
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• 2013

This study was performed in order to analysis the landscape change and cause of scenic sites and surrounding environment is located in the Urban Residential Area since modern. The study was carried out using of field observations, literature review, cadaster map analysis from 1962 to 2010, and survey. It trace about Seongnagwon, Mapo Choi Sa-Young's old house, Seoul Seonjamdanji, Seoul Hanyang castle and those can be process of change per period. Also, it examine to original view of cultural assets and analysis about lots alteration with landscape alteration. Seongnagwon has original view which constructed the Songseokjeong and pond in 1954. Mapo Choi Sa-Young's old house has original view that move to Sungbook-dong and restore an old house. Seoul Seonjamdanji has it define original view that remained ruins by 1960's development. Seoul Hanyang castle has original view that stone fortress. Seongnagwon's landscape was changed by institutional factors. Mapo Choi Sa-Young house's landscape was changed by society economic factors. Seoul Seonjamdanji was changed by society economic and institutional factors. Seoul Hanyang castle was changed by technical and institutional factors. Generally cultural heritage of Sungbook-dong was changed by institutional and society economic factors. It is guessed that Seoul urban planning influenced Sungbook-dong development. The establishment of capitalistic economy system was backgrounds to it. Therefore, it expect to realized desirable landscape alteration that recognized potential value as culture resources.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.53-66
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• 2020

This study was attempted to seek the garden enjoyment of the Yang Un-geo etc., in the head house(宗宅) of Namwonyang's family and Jongho in Sunchang Gumiri through literature and field research. Admirers of Jongho were "six old Taoist hermit", including Cholo(楚老) Yang Un-geo(楊雲擧, 1613-1672) and Yangjindang Haman-ri, the author of Jongho-palgyeong, who was very close friends of Yang, as well as his son-in-law or out-law. Jonghojeong Pavilion, overland rock and nearby Takyeongjeong, which were built around a stone island shaped like a helmet, and a pool along the river, are known as 'Imcheonwonrim(林泉園林)' as the center of the custom that was conducted based on head house, which is up to 2km away from Jongho. Jongho-palgyeong is found to share the characteristics of Jeongja Palgyeong, which is based on Jonghoam, overland and Takyeongjeong, and the characteristics of the town's township of Namwonyang, Gumi-ri. The number of rock letters identified by the Mansutan members is a total of nine points, which clearly indicates that the scene was a scene where the custom of call to create poetry·fishing·playing musical instruments and drinking, as well as the scenery and landscape structure of the Jongho Palgyeong. Jongho Palgyeong, its customs and surrounding rock writing are highly suggestive and valid cultural views to remind or direct the old landscape of Mansutan Jongho and suggest to modern traditional landscapes as well as the "Noblesse oblige landscape enjoyment case."

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.485-498
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• 2016

In this study, the views and the meaning of nature between the Western world and East Asia were compared through literature analysis. In the West, it is recognized that nature and human beings are separate. Nature is understood as regular and rational. They, therefore, take the view of particle and mechanical theory. In East Asia, it is thought that nature and humans interact with each other, and take an attitude of compromise and tolerance. Since nature is recognized as an ever-changing being, they, therefore, take the position of wave theory. Scientific knowledge and concepts are accepted depending on the personal view of nature. In Korea, science education follows the view of modern western science without considering the personal pattern of cognition, though students can have various views of nature. The attitude is needed regarding the various viewpoints as rich resources in science and science education.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.37-51
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• 2009

The nuclear power industry in the world has recognized the importance of integrating non-technical and team skills training with the technical training given to its control room operators to reduce human errors since the Three Mile Island and Chernobyl accidents. The Nuclear power plant (NPP) industry in Korea has been also making efforts to reduce the human errors which largely have contributed to 120 nuclear reactor trips from the year 2001 to 2006. The Crew Resource Management (CRM) training was one of the efforts to reduce the human errors in the nuclear power industry. The CRM was developed as a response to new insights into the causes of aircraft accidents which followed from the introduction of flight recorders and cockpit voice recorders into modern jet aircraft. The CRM first became widely used in the commercial airline industry, but military aviation, shipboard crews, medical and surgical teams, offshore oil crews, and other high-consequence, high-risk, time-critical industry teams soon followed. This study aims to develop a CRM training program that helps to improve plant performance by reducing the number of reactor trips caused by the operators' errors in Korean NPP. The program is; firstly, based on the work we conducted to develop a human factors training from the applications to the Nuclear Power Plant; secondly, based on a number of guidelines from the current practicable literature; thirdly, focused on team skills, such as leadership, situational awareness, teamwork, and communication, which have been widely known to be critical for improving the operational performance and reducing human errors in Korean NPPs; lastly, similar to the event-based training approach that many researchers have applied in other domains: aircraft, medical operations, railroads, and offshore oilrigs. We conducted an experiment to test effectiveness of the CRM training program in a condition of simulated control room also. We found that the program made the operators' attitudes and behaviors be improved positively from the experimental results. The more implications of the finding were discussed further in detail.