• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.133-144
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• 1982

One of the primary objectives of Korean family planning program is to assist parents in having the number of children they want, both by providing fertility-en-hancing services to infecund and subfecund women and by providing fertility-limitation services to fecund women. As far as fertility-enhancing services to infecund and subfecund women is concerned, there has been little effort from the national family planning program, So far, there is no any basic data on infertility prevalence rate among the Korean women. Therefore, an attempt has been made to review data of 1976 and 1978 fertility and family planning surveys in order to estimate the level of infertility rate among the Korean women. In the 1978 survey 3. 7 percent of the current married women responded that they were physically infertile while in the 1976 survey physically infer-tile women was calculated as 3 percent of the total ever married women which is similar level of 1978 data of 3.7 percent. Mean age at first marriage of Korean women is 23 and most of the women are married in the high fecund age. Only 0.3 percent of the respondents married age 30. in addition, the rate of women with no children among the ever married women whose married duration is more than 5 year is very low;2. 5 percent among 5-9 years, 1. 4 percent among 10- 14 years; 1.8 precent among 15-19 years; 1.0 percent among 20-24 years; and 0. 7 percent among 25 or more years of marriage duration. If we consider those data shown above, it is manifest that infertility rate of Korean women is less than 5 percent level which is much lower than the 10 percent level of infertility rate in the United States of America. However, this kind of estimation is still not able to show definite data on fertility rate. Therefore, a nationwide planned survey should be carried out as early as possible to figure out the real situation of infertility rate in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.192-194
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• 2019

The number of women seafarers around the world is 2%, and about 30% of women in the shipping industry. International organizations are making efforts in various ways to advance women in the maritime industry. This study provides recent information about the International Maritime Organization(IMO)'s new programme as IMO focuses on women in maritime during 2019, under the World Maritime Day theme "Empowering Women in the Maritime Community".

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.59-69
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to estimate the mineral intakes and serum mineral levels of pregnant and lactating women. The subjects consisted of 34 non-pregnant, 56 pregnant and 20 lactating women. Nutrients intakes were investigated by the 24-hr recall method, and serum major and trace minerals were analyzed by the ICP-spectrometry. Calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) intakes were observed lower than RDA especially for both pregnant and lactating women. Iron (Fe) intake of pregnant women was $85 - 139\%$ RDA through Fe supplementation, and that of lactating women was lower than RDA. Compared with non-pregnant women, the pregnant women had similar Ca intake and higher magnesium (Mg) intake. Comparing with the non-pregnant women, serum Ca level in pregnancy was lower, and that of lactating women was not significantly different. Serum phosphorus and Mg levels were not significantly different among the groups. Serum Fe level of pregnant and lactating women was lower than that of the non-pregnant women. Serum Zn level of pregnant women was lower than those in the lactating and non-pregnant women. Serum copper level decreased as the pregnancy progressed. Serum sodium (Na) level was higher in 2nd- and 3rd trimester and potassium (K) level was higher in 3rd trimester and lactating period than other groups. Na/K ratio was not significantly different among the groups. During all periods, there was no correlation between dietary intakes and serum levels in each minerals. Serum Ca level positively corrleated with serum Mg level, especially in 3rd trimester and lactating women. In general, serum mineral levels in pregnancy were changed compared to the levels in non-pregnancy and restored in lactation to the levels for non-pregnancy.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.183-195
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to discover the effects on women's health education for college women on their health promotion behaviors and the health related knowledge. The content of women's health education consisted of sex education, smoking, alcohol, exercise, nutrition, diet and stress management. “A Women and Heath” course was provided as an optional full term subject in the years of 2002 and 2003 at C University in G City. Out of 210 students who had chosen this course, 134 had agreed to participate in the research and had answered the same questionnaire which was given before the education and 14 weeks after the course at the last class. The findings are as follows： 1. It was found that the subjects have obtained knowledge mainly from television, radio, the Internet, women's magazines in order before the education. 2. Knowledge related to women"s health origionally scored low(average 1.92 out of 5). However, having completed a course on women and their health, they showed a significant increase of knowledge statistically(t＝26.945, p＝ .001) with average score of 3.48. 3. Health promotion behaviors who had completed the course has statistically significantly increased (t＝6.464, p＝ .001) compared to before the education. The results of this study are that by providing a women's health related course for college women on a regular basis, they could broaden their health related knowledge and become more active in practicing health promotion behaviors. This shows us the need to broaden the curriculum on women's health at the college level so that women have good knowledge and practice the knowledge for the sake of their health throughout their life.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.11
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• pp.1346-1361
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• 2011

This study examined the body characteristics, perceived body size and body-cathexis according to the stature of women aged 18 to 59. Special focus was on women of short stature; in addition, the study searched for the proper clothing fit and satisfaction level for short women. The 2010 SizeKorea data of 2,586 women aged 18 to 59 was analyzed statistically to find the distribution of stature according to 4 age groups along with the body characteristics and proportion of 3 stature groups in each age group. A questionnaire was conducted with responses from 412 women aged 18 to 59, and the perceived body size and satisfaction with body size of 3 stature groups were studied with 5 Likert scales. Although the stature of Korean women has increased, short stature women (those under 155cm) still represent a high percentage of individuals in Korea. Short women (small in height and length) had unique body characteristics in width, depth, and girth that were distinguished from the characteristics of medium or tall women. Especially, the lower body part of short women had distinct characteristics. Accordingly, it is undesirable to reflect the same ease or same body proportion in clothing construction for the 3 stature groups. Short women perceived their stature and length of upper or lower body as too short and the satisfaction with their body size was lower than medium or tall women. To upgrade the clothing fit and satisfaction of short women, it is necessary to reflect the unique body characteristics of short women in clothing design and construction.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.248-256
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• 2008

Purpose: The findings of various studies and policy reports on marriage change, international marriage migrant women and its issues are presented in this study. Method: Research objectives were accomplished by conducting a literature review. The main areas of the literature review included married migrant women, its challenges, and current policies for international marriage migrant women. Result: Women migrating through international marriage are known to face various difficulties due to their migration. Some important obstacles women migrants face in the Republic of Korea are cultural differences in daily lifestyle, language, food, health care services, cultural assumptions, gender structure, family relationships, expected roles within family, interpersonal relationships and more. The plights of married migrant women include commercialization of international marriage, false information regarding the spouse, family abuse, insecure nationality, economic difficulty and unemployment, racial prejudice, and cultural maladjustment. Current support policies for migrant women living in Korea are suggested. Conclusion: This study concluded with policy implications and recommendations for future study. In addition, the author suggests the necessity of programs and policies for the improvement of married migrant women's well-being based on women's health and family nursing dimensions.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.131-142
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the nursing needs of parturient women with those of nurses during the perinatal period. Method: The subjects of this study were in two groups, one of which was composed of 244 postpartum women (vaginal delivery) while the other was composed of 144 nurses. The data was collected using a self-report Questionnaire between July and November of 2007, and was analyzed using the SPSS Win 12.0 program. Result: Statistically significant differences were found in nursing needs, specifically in the aspects of physical care, safety of delivery and newborn care between the nurse group and the parturient women group during the perinatal period. Furthermore, the nursing needs of parturient women were higher than those of nurses with regard to environmental needs, safety of delivery, newborn care, and especially among items such as routine examinations and the maintenance of hygiene during labor, as well as a desire for "kind and faithful" care. In addition, it was found that the nursing needs of parturient women in Women's hospitals were higher than those in University hospitals. Conclusion: This study showed that parturient women desire to be educated regarding Perinatal care for themselves and for their newborn.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.88-99
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• 2003

The body changes of the elderly women are the forward tilt of the neck and shoulder point shrinkage of the spinal column, and protrusive abdomen. Unfortunately, few data based on body measurements for elderly women existed and a few studies are limited to the body figure of the elderly women. If these changes are not applied to the manufacturing of the clothing, almost of the elderly women will be unfitted with their clothing. So to improve the fitting of the elderly women, it is necessary to use the standard size systems for elderly women. This report is the first study to develop the standard tables of body measurements to be used for improving the fit of garments and patterns for women aged 60 and older. This study drew from anthropometric measurements of 337 and photographic measurements of 276 women aged 60 and older. It described the protocol of anthropometric measurement, the comparison between the measured data and the data on which National anthropometric survey of Korea 1997 is based, and the development of body measurement standard tables for elderly women. And we also considered the regional difference of body dimensions in order to develop the national size standards for elderly women. Further study would include the classification of body dimensions and description of each figure type for sizing apparel of women aged 60 and older.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.186-193
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was done to extend the understanding and knowledge of menopause by comparing attitudes toward menopause and menopausal symptoms of women religious and married women. Methods: The data were collected by self-report questionnaires from 126 women religious and 131 married women, between 40 and 59 years of age who lived in P city, D city and K province. A structured questionnaire was used which included demographic and health-related information, attitudes toward menopause, and menopausal symptoms. Data were analyzed by using $x^2$ test, t-test, and Pearson correlation coefficients with the SPSS/WIN 14.0 program. Results: The mean score for attitudes toward menopause of women religious and married women was $69.46{\pm}6.15$ and $66.98{\pm}6.12$ respectfully, and the difference was significant (p=.001). The mean score for menopausal symptoms of women religious and married women was $41.33{\pm}23.55$ and $55.99{\pm}30.81$ respectively, and the difference was also significant (p<.001). Attitudes toward menopause were negatively correlated with menopausal symptoms (r=-.27, p<.001).

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.286-296
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• 2021

Purpose: This study compared infant mortality and its associated factors between Korean and immigrant women using vital statistics gathered by Statistics Korea. Methods: Birth and death statistics from the period between 2009 and 2019 were extracted from the census of population dynamics data of the Microdata Integrated Service, Korea. Statistical data were derived from a complete survey and infant mortality was analyzed from mortality statistics data. Descriptive statistics were used for comparison. Results: The average infant mortality rate (IMR) of Korean women was 2.7 in Korea, which did not change significantly between 2009 and 2019; however, the IMR of immigrant women increased significantly in 2018 to 4.2 and subsequently decreased to 2.6 in 2019. Moreover, the age of Korean and immigrant women at the time of infant death gradually increased from 31.1 years and 25.9 years in 2009 to 32.8 years and 30.9 years in 2019, respectively. The gestational age was lower for deceased infants born to immigrant women (mean, 31.04 weeks; standard deviation [SD], 6.42; median, 30.00) compared to infants born to Korean women (mean, 31.71 weeks; SD, 6.48; median, 32.00). Immigrant women (91.7%) received slightly fewer antenatal care visits compared to Korean women (93.1%). Conclusion: It is vital to devise a plan to lower the IMR of immigrant women in Korea. Moreover, it is necessary to explore the factors related to infant mortality among immigrant women within the context of Korean societal situation, culture, and home environment.