• 제목/요약/키워드: Korean Society of Plant Protection

검색결과 1,188건 처리시간 0.032초

The MAP Kinase Kinase Gene AbSte7 Regulates Multiple Aspects of Alternaria brassicicola Pathogenesis

  • Lu, Kai;Zhang, Min;Yang, Ran;Zhang, Min;Guo, Qinjun;Baek, Kwang-Hyun;Xu, Houjuan
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • 제35권2호
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    • pp.91-99
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    • 2019
  • Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades in fungi are ubiquitously conserved signaling pathways that regulate stress responses, vegetative growth, pathogenicity, and many other developmental processes. Previously, we reported that the AbSte7 gene, which encodes a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) in Alternaria brassicicola, plays a central role in pathogenicity against host cabbage plants. In this research, we further characterized the role of AbSte7 in the pathogenicity of this fungus using ${\Delta}AbSte7$ mutants. Disruption of the AbSte7 gene of A. brassicicola reduced accumulation of metabolites toxic to the host plant in liquid culture media. The ${\Delta}AbSte7$ mutants could not efficiently detoxify cruciferous phytoalexin brassinin, possibly due to reduced expression of the brassinin hydrolase gene involved in detoxifying brassinin. Disruption of the AbSte7 gene also severely impaired fungal detoxification of reactive oxygen species. AbSte7 gene disruption reduced the enzymatic activity of cell walldegrading enzymes, including cellulase, ${\beta}$-glucosidase, pectin methylesterase, polymethyl-galacturonase, and polygalacturonic acid transeliminase, during host plant infection. Altogether, the data strongly suggest the MAPKK gene AbSte7 plays a pivotal role in A. brassicicola during host infection by regulating multiple steps, and thus increasing pathogenicity and inhibiting host defenses.

A Novel Protein Elicitor PeBL2, from Brevibacillus laterosporus A60, Induces Systemic Resistance against Botrytis cinerea in Tobacco Plant

  • Jatoi, Ghulam Hussain;Lihua, Guo;Xiufen, Yang;Gadhi, Muswar Ali;Keerio, Azhar Uddin;Abdulle, Yusuf Ali;Qiu, Dewen
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • 제35권3호
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    • pp.208-218
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    • 2019
  • Here, we reported a novel secreted protein elicitor PeBL2 from Brevibacillus laterosporus A60, which can induce hypersensitive response in tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana). The ion-exchange chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry were performed for identification of protein elicitor. The 471 bp PeBL2 gene produces a 17.22 kDa protein with 156 amino acids containing an 84-residue signal peptide. Consistent with endogenous protein, the recombinant protein expressed in Escherichia coli induced the typical hypersensitive response (HR) and necrosis in tobacco leaves. Additionally, PeBL2 also triggered early defensive response of generation of reactive oxygen species ($H_2O_2$ and $O_2{^-}$) and systemic resistance against of B. cinerea. Our findings shed new light on a novel strategy for biocontrol using B. laterosporus A60.

Neopestalotiopsis Leaf Blight, an Emerging Concern on Leatherleaf Fern in Indonesia

  • Ani Widiastuti;Indah Khofifah Aruan;Alvina Clara Giovanni;Barokati Tsaniyah;Tri Joko;Achmadi Priyatmojo
    • 식물병연구
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    • 제30권1호
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    • pp.82-87
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    • 2024
  • Leatherleaf fern (Rumohra adiantiformis) is an important ornamental plant in Indonesia and global. Green fern leaves with bold dark green color with long shelf-life, attract florists as decoration. Indonesia is one important leatherleaf fern exporters, however currently an outbreak of leaf blight decreased production significantly. Initial symptom was reddish brown spots from edge of leaf, which was gradually followed by dark-brown necrotic lesions causing leaf blight and dried. This is a study to do Koch-Postulate approach and molecular identification, to identify the pathogen of the "new emerging disease" reported. Based on multigene analysis using primers from ITS, β-tub and tef1-α gene markers, the pathogen was identified as Neopestalotiopsis sp. All sequences have been deposited in GenBank with accession number of OR905551 (ITS), OR899817 (ßtubulin) and OR899816 (TEF). This Neopestalotiopsis leaf blight causes an emerging concern in leatherleaf fern in Indonesia and global biosecurity because it infected an export commodity.

Evolutionary Rates and Phylogeographical Analysis of Odontoglossum Ringspot Virus Based on the 166 Coat Protein Gene Sequences

  • He, Zhen;Dong, Tingting;Wu, Weiwen;Chen, Wen;Liu, Xian;Li, Liangjun
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • 제35권5호
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    • pp.498-507
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    • 2019
  • Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV) is a member of the genus Tobamovirus. It is one of the most prevalent viruses infecting orchids worldwide. Earlier studies reported the genetic variability of ORSV isolates from Korea and China. However, the evolutionary rate, timescale, and phylogeographical analyses of ORSV were unclear. Twenty-one coat protein (CP) gene sequences of ORSV were determined in this study, and used them together with 145 CP sequences obtained from GenBank to infer the genetic diversities, evolutionary rate, timescale and migration of ORSV populations. Evolutionary rate of ORSV populations was $1.25{\times}10^{-3}nucleotides/site/y$. The most recent common ancestors came from 30 year ago (95% confidence intervals, 26-40). Based on CP gene, ORSV migrated from mainland China and South Korea to Taiwan island, Germany, Australia, Singapore, and Indonesia, and it also circulated within east Asia. Our study is the first attempt to evaluate the evolutionary rates, timescales and migration dynamics of ORSV.

Morphology and Molecular Characterization of a Fungus from the Alternaria alternata Species Complex Causing Black Spots on Pyrus sinkiangensis (Koerle pear)

  • Aung, Sein Lai Lai;Liu, Hai Feng;Pei, Dong Fang;Lu, Bing Bin;Oo, May Moe;Deng, Jian Xin
    • Mycobiology
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    • 제48권3호
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    • pp.233-239
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    • 2020
  • A small-spored Alternaria was found from black spots of storaged Koerle pear (Pyrus sinkiangensis), one of the economically important fruit in Xinjiang province, China. The morphology is similar to A. limoniasperae but obviously different in secondary conidiophores and conidial septa. A phylogenetic analysis using sequence datasets of ITS, GAPDH, TEF1, RPB2, Alt a1, OPA10-2, and EndoPG genes revealed that it belonged to the Alternaria alternata complex group. Pathogenicity tests illustrated that the fungus was the causal pathogen of black spot on Koerle pear fruit.

Diaporthe taoicola and D. siamensis, Two New Records on Citrus sinensis in China

  • Cui, Meng Jiao;Wei, Xin;Xia, Peng Liang;Yi, Ji Ping;Yu, Zhi He;Deng, Jian Xin;Li, Qi Li
    • Mycobiology
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    • 제49권3호
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    • pp.267-274
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    • 2021
  • Two Diaporthe species isolated from fruit of Citrus sinensis in China were characterized based on morphology and multilocus phylogeny of ITS, tef1, and tub2 gene sequences. The phylogeny indicated that the two species match Diaporthe taoicola and D. siamensis. A critical examination of phenotypic characteristics confirmed the phylogenetic results. Diaporthe taoicola was morphologically characterized by producing Alpha conidia with tapering toward both ends. Meanwhile, D. siamensis produced cylindrical or ellipsoidal Alpha conidia with two oil drops. Pathogenicity tests revealed that both species were pathogenic to fruit of C. sinensis. To our knowledge, the two species were firstly reported on Citrus sinensis in China.

Identification and Characterization of Alternaria iridiaustralis Causing Leaf Spot on Iris ensata in China

  • Luo, Huan;Tao, Ya Qun;Fan, Xiao Yan;Oh, Sang Keun;Lu, Hong Xue;Deng, Jian Xin
    • Mycobiology
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    • 제46권2호
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    • pp.168-171
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    • 2018
  • In 2016, a severe leaf spot disease was found on Iris ensata Thumb. in Nanjing, China. The symptom was elliptical, fusiform, or irregularly necrotic lesion surrounded by a yellow halo, from which a small-spored Alternaria species was isolated. The fungus was identified as Alternaria iridiaustralis based on morphological characteristics. The pathogenicity tests revealed that the fungus was the causal pathogen of the disease. Phylogenic analyses using sequences of ITS, gpd, endoPG, and RPB2 genes confirmed the morphological identification. This study is the first report of A. iridiaustralis causing leaf spots on I. ensata in China.