• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.427-430
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• 2003

Akabane virus is a cause of severe congenital defects, but adult animals show no signs of infection. In this study, congenital abnormalitis associated with Akabane virus infection in Korean native goat. The prevalence of serum neutralizing antibodies to Akabane virus in goat population was investigated, indicating that approximately 30% of goats in Korea were seropositive(36/120). The mother goats have the highest titers of neutralizing antibodies, as 1:128. And also there showed seropositive of Akabane virus in newborn fetus fluids. The necropsy results of newborn fetus visceral organs were appeared normal. These findings provide that Akabane virus is the ethiological agent of congenital abnormalitis and stillbirth. Our results suggest that goat in natural situations are part of the Akabane virus transmission cycle.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.297-302
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• 1995

The objective of this experiment was to compare the dry matter intake, nutrients digestibility, nitrogen and energy utilization of hehage among the orchardgrass(OG) pure, orchardgrass(OG)-red clover(RC) mixture and complex rnixtures(C. mix) by Korean native goat. The results obtained were surnmerized as follows: 1. Crude protein(CP) content was higher in OG-RC and C. Mix diets than in OG pure diets(P<0.05). NDF content was higher in OG pure diets than other diets(P<0.05). But ADF, Lignin contents and gross energy did not differ among all diets. 2. Dry matter intake by Korean native goat tend to be high in OG-RC diets, and low in OG pure diets. But there was no significant difference statistically. Dry matter and cellular constituents digestibilities were higher for OG-RC and C. Mix diets than OG pure diet, but CP and NDF digestibilities were no significant difference among diets. 3. The amount of nitrogen consumed amount by Korean native goat in the OG-RC diet was higher than other diets. But, due to largely relative urinary and fecal nitrogen loss, Apparrently digested nitrogen and retained nitrogen percents were not significant difference among diets. 4. The amount of energy consumed by Korean native goat in OG-RC diet was higher than other diets. But, due to largely relative urinary and fecal energy loss, digestable energy percent was lower than C. Mix diets. But.metabolic energy percent was no significant difference among diets. Therefore, there was no significant differences among sward types for the utilization of nitrogen and energy by Korean native goats.

• 한국수정란이식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수정란이식학회 2000년도 춘계심포지움
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• pp.64-75
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• 2000

During the last three decades considerable advances has been made in goat embryo production and transfer technology. The Korean native black goat is the most useful domestic ruminant in this country for biological investigation and application because it has a lot of merits such as relatively short generation period (1 vs 2 year for a cow), easy of handling, well adaptation, high fertility, convenient and inexpensive. This article covers the methods of superovulation, estrus synchronization, embryo collection and transfer techniques, pregnancy diagnosis and subsequent pregnancy and kidding rates for the production of transgenic Korean native black goats. More than one hundred goat kids have been produced as a result of our transgenic goat project via microinjection of foreign gene into pronuclei, in vitro culture, transfer of various stages of fresh and frozen-thawed microinjected embryos into oviducts or uteri of recipient does. We have got two transgenic goats carrying a transgene targeting the expression of recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (hG-CSF) to the mammary gland so far. Since collection and transfer of embryos in this species is usually accomplished by laparotomy, exteriorization of the reproductive tract for surgical embryo collection leads to the formation of post-operative adhesions. Nonsurgical or laparoscopic technique to reduce adhesions from repeated surgeries has great advantages in improving embryo production and transfer especially from valuable donors. We will discuss this later.

• 한국수정란이식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수정란이식학회 2000년도 수정란의 위생적 처리·검사 및 특수가축의 수정란이식 기술 심포지움
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• pp.64-75
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• 2000

During the last three decades considerable advances has been made in goat embryo production and transfer technology. The Korean native black goat is the most useful domestic ruminant in this country for biological investigation and application because it has a lot of merits such as relatively short generation period(1 vs 2 year for a cow), easy of handling, well adaptation, high fertility, convenient and inexpensive. This article covers the methods of superovulation, estrus synchronization, embryo collection and transfer techniques, pregnancy diagnosis and subsequent pregnancy and kidding rates for the production of transgenic Korean native black goats. More than one hundred goat kids have been produced as a result of our transgenic goat project via microinjection of foreign gene into pronuclei, in vitro culture, transfer of various stages of fresh and frozen-thawed microinjected embryos into oviducts or uteri of recipient does. We have got two transgenic goats carrying a transgene targeting the expression of recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor(hG-CSF) to the mammary gland so far. Since collection and transfer of embryos in this species is usually accomplished by laparotomy, exteriorization of the reproductive tract for surgical embryo collection leads to the formation of post-operative adhesions. Nonsurgical or laparoscopic technique to reduce adhesions from repeated surgeries has great advantages in improving embryo production and transfer especially from valuable donors. We will discuss this later.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.399-406
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• 1999

The development of uterus in fetuses on 60, 90 and 120 days of gastation and neonates of Korean native goats was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The results were summarized as follows ; 1. In the 60-day-old fetuses, the short microvilli were sporadically observed on the luminal surface of the endometrium. 2. In the 90-day-old fetuses, the mucosal folds, polygonal microridges, numerous microvilli, flower-like-buds, and domeshaped or crateriform area were also observed on the luminal surface of endometrium. 3. In the 120-day-old fetuses, the primordial caruncles(nodules) of the endometrium were developed conspicuously and long microvilli were developed densely. 4. In the neonates, the caruncles and microvilli of the endometrium were more developed than those of 120-day-old fetuses.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.161-172
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• 1991

This study was conducted to research the endocrine mechanisms of postpartum anestrus and determine if the morphology of the CL could be related to function in Korean native goats. At parturition 48 goats were assigned to a nonsuckled group and a suckled group. Serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone(LH), follicle stimulating hormone(FSH), prolactin(PRL), estradiol-17$\beta$(E2) and cortisol were measured at various times after parturitionin the goats. The corpora lutea of pregnancy were examined by a light microscope on the 6th hour and the first, 3rd, 10th, 11th, and 21st days after parturition. The results were summarized as follows : Mean serum LH concentrations were lower after parturition in all treatments and increased gradually with the intervals after parturition(P<0.01). These values did not differ between groups. The levels of serum FSH were lower after parturition and tended to increase gradually between 2 and 21 days. The levels of serum FSH are not significantly different between the groups of goats. Two days after kidding mean levels of serum PRL began to fall in nonsuckling goats but increased in suckling goats. During 3 weeks serum PRL concentrations were different between nonsuckling and suckling goats(P<0.01). Three days after parturition the levels of serum E2 decreased in all treatments. From parturition to day 21 serum E2 concentrations were greater in nonsuckling than in suckling goats(P<0.01). At the sixth hour after parturition the structure of the CL was well preserved. At days 1 and 3 the blood vessels were sparcely distributed, whereas, at days 1 and 3 the blood vessels were sparcely distributed, whereas, at days 10, 11 and 21 tortuous larger vessels with thick walls were observed on the luteal tissue. At days 1, 3, 10, 11 and 21 after parturition the CL of pregnancy showed degeneration and the proportion of tissue occupied by intercelluar substances increased at days 21 postpartum. In conclusion, the present study has shown that regression of the CL of pregnancy is accelerated in the period after parturition and effectively completed within three weeks postpartum.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.189-195
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• 1987

This study was conducted in order to obtain the information of the histological changes in each of six segments of the epididymal ducts in Korean native goats. Thirty-two Korean native male goats were examined, dividing into seven groups, at 4 weeks intervals from 8 to 32 weeks of age. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The epididymal ducts showed histologically an abrupt growth at the age of 16 weeks being followed by almost full maturation at the age of 24 weeks. Diameter of the cauda was steadily larger than that of the caput and corpus of the epididymal ducts. 2. Spermatozoa in the lumen of epididymal ducts were first observable at the age of 16 weeks, thereafter showing sparse in the lumen of caput, whereas most dense in the lumen of cauda in the density of spermatozoa. 3. Ducts in the caput and corpus were lined by ciliated columnar epithelium until the age of 12 weeks, and later by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium which was composed of ciliated columnar cells, clear cells and basal cells. Ducts of cauda epididymis were lined by simple ciliated columnar epithelia until 12 weeks of age and later by simple or pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium, and two types of ducts (small ducts with high epithelium and large ducts with lower epithelium) were noted. Nucleus of the epithelial cells in the caput were located in the base of cells but in the corpus and cauda, those were located in the mid part of cells. cilia were most developed in the epithelia of the corpus.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.56-61
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• 1985

This study was conducted in order to obtain the number and size of Leydig cell in the testis in accordance with the growth of Korean native goat. Twenty-one Korean native male goats were examied, and was divided into seven groups by 4 weeks interval from 8 to 32 weeks of age. The results were as follows: 1. The number of Leydig cells in the interstitial tissue were increased in accordance with age. The number of cells were increased twice from 1.3 cells at 8 weeks to 2.6 cells at 12 weeks of age, from 2.6 cells at 12 weeks to 5.5 cells at 24 weeks, respectively. And the cells were slightly increased from 5.5 cells at 16 weeks to 6.7 cells at 32 weeks. 2. The smallest cells were found in goats at 8 weeks of age, being 8.2${\mu}$m, and it showed noncontinual growth among groups of 12, 16 and 20 weeks of age, recording 9.18, 8.82 and 9.05${\mu}$m respectively. Leyding cells in 24, 28 and 32 weeks of age showed matured size being 10.42, 10.81 and 10.67${\mu}$m respectively. 3. Rows or clusters of Leydig cells were scattered in the loose connective tissue around lymphatic simusoids and blood vessels. Nuclei of Leydig cells were found to have 2 types, one type was stained pale and the other were stained dark. As a result of this study, Leydig cells found in the interstitial tissue were considered to grow until 20 weeks of age after birth, and reached to almost full maturated form by 24 weeks of ages.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.197-202
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• 1999

바랭이(Digitaria sanguinalis L.) 우점 야초지의 건물수량, 사료가치 및 영양소 이용성 등을 구명하여 조사료원으로 활용 가능성을 탐색하고자 숙기별 건물수량, 화학적 성분을 조사하였고, 재래산양 12두를 공시하여 혼파목초와 바랭이 우점 야초를 급여하여 섭취량, 건물소화율 및 질소와 에너지 이용성 등을 평가한 결과는 다음과 같다. 바랭이 우점 야초지의 평균 건물수량은 8,473kg/ha이었으며, 평균 CP, NDF, ADF 및 lignin 함량은 각각 13.0%, 74.1%, 38.6% 및 10.4%이었다. 건물섭취량은 바랭이 우점 야초지가 혼파초지에 비하여 다소 낮은 편이었으나 두 처리간에 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 그러나 건물소화율, 세포내용물의 소화율, NDF 및 ADF 소화율은 바랭이 우점 야초지가 혼파초지에 비하여 낮은 결과를 보였다(P<0.05). 질소 및 에너지의 이용성은 바랭이우점 야초지가 혼파초지에 비하여 낮았다(P<0.05). 이상의 결과로 보아 바랭이 우점 야초지는 혼파초지에 비하여 건물섭취량과 소화율 및 질소와 에너지이용성 등이 다소 낮은 편이지만, 시비를 하지 않고 연간 8,473kg/ha의 건물수량을 얻을 수 있어 부존 조사료원의 하나로 이용 가능성은 크다고 하겠다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.85-99
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• 2005

This trial was carried out to determine effects of organic feeds in comparison to conventional diet on feed intake, digestibility, and nitrogen retention in Korean native goats. Twelve Korean native goats were allotted to treatments in four groups of three goats and then they were housed in separate metabolism cages for 21 days. Treatments included conventional diet (A) as a control group and three organic feed groups (B: organic rice straw, C: organic nee leaves, D: organic mixture of rice straw and tree leaves). The A treatment, conventional diet, consisted of common rice straw and commercial concentrates at a proportion of 60 and 40%, respectively. All ingredients of organic feeds treatments were organically produced-agricultural products without any application of chemical fertilizer and pesticide. Four experimental diets were formulated to have the same ratio of forage to concentrate and similar contents for protein and carbohydrate across treatments and they were offered to goats ad libitum. Feed intake, apparent nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention were investigated. For chemical compositions of experimental diets, all nutrients except crude ash and ether extract were not significantly different across treatments as we expected. Crude ash content was highest in the A treatment (P<0.05), however, it was not significantly different among organic feeds treatments. Ether extract content was higher (P<0.05) in C and D treatments than in A and B. Even if dry matter intakes for organic feeds treatments were not significantly different among them, they were significantly higher (P<0.05) compared with conventional diet. Fecal excreta were not significantly different across treatments, resulting in significantly higher digestible dry matter (g/day) in treatments of organic feeds (P<0.01). Average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (FE) were more increased (P<0.01) in treatments of organic feeds compared with conventional diet. Digestibilities for most of nutrients except NFC had the same trend as ADG and FE, however, NFC digestibilities for C and D treatments were significantly lower (P<0.01) than those of A and B. Nitrogen intakes for organic feeds treatments were significantly higher (P<0.001) than conventional diet, with no difference among organic feeds treatments. Fecal nitrogen loss was higher (P<0.05) for C and D treatments than for A and B. Retained nitrogen contents were significantly higher (P<0.05) for organic feeds treatments than for conventional diet, but nitrogen retention rate did not show any difference across treatments. The results showed that organic feed supplementation more improved feed intake, digestibility and nitrogen retention in comparison with conventional diet, and thus they could be concluded that organic feeds might contribute to animal performance and a safer production of animal product.