• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.40 no.5
• /
• pp.88-99
• /
• 2012

This study was to analyze the changes made in the landscape cognition in Yong-in City for the past 10 years. For the analysis, the landscape plan in 2001, and the survey data collected for the new 2012-landscape plan were used. The questions on the survey covered the cognition of the current landscape status, the evaluation of landscape depending on the types of landscape, the understanding of each element on the landscape, the residents' cognition, etc. In the evaluation of the status on current landscape, Everland was ranked outstandingly high as a symbol and a representative place both in 2001 and 2012. The image of the overall city landscape was changed from the image of unique, diverse, grand-scale and well ordered in 2001, to the image of wide, disordered, common and realistic. As the evaluation of individual landscape types such as the view of the mountain, the surroundings of the tourist attractions, colors, etc, has improved overall. The image of the city has been evaluated to improve gradually, especially in the level of individual element. In the study of participating the willingness of residents, despite the interest in landscape has been continued, the attitude for the actual participation in the action plan or the restriction of property right has been changed into a negative side. For the direction of the landscape plan, the residents are more interested in the detailed subjects : such as the financial support, the night landscape plan, the improvement of the problems, etc. During the last 10 years, the changes on the landscape cognition in Yong-in City have changed more in detail and specifically, the cognitions on the local government and developers changed positively. However the reducion of the participants' willingness suggested a review on the policies and the projects of the landscape.

• The Korean Nurse
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.85-98
• /
• 1995

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data regarding effective learning opportunities in childbirth education classes. Also analysis of the data indicates the optimum conditions for the welfare and improvements in the promotion of health in childbearing mothers. The results of this study are as follows; 1) The average age of the subjects in this study was 30.6 years and the total number of subjects was 58 pregnant women. The average number of children was one and 84.5% of the subjects were unemployed even though 63.8% of them held over bachelor's degrees. It was found that 22.4% of the subjects were living in an extended family. Also 61.5% of them were living with parents-in-law. The number of pregnancies were calssified as one, two, or three to nine times with the percentages of 58.7%, 22.4% and 18.9%, respectively. Further, 72.4% of the subjects had no abortion experience and 15.5% had one aborion experience. While 89.7% of the subjects planned to feed their babies with breastmilk, mixed feeding were used by only 22.4% of the sample. These data were collected at about 6 months after delivery. Thus one can see that a low rate of breastfeeding was common. 2) The length of one period of childbirth education is four weeks. It was found that 36.2% of the subjects participated in childbirth education only once, where as 13.8% participated four times and 19% of the subjects participated in this class more than four times. pregnant at least once. Further, 75.9% of the participants were participated in this education through their own will. Their motivation for participation developed through information, advertisement and posters which contained information on childbirth education. Those with unplanned pregnancies 92.9% participated after a suggestion by the nurses. The number of participants in terms of percentage according to the childbirth education contents can be classified as following. The most active participation was shown in preparation of delivery(77.6%), postpartrm management(56.9%) fetal development(37.6%) and physiology of pregnancy(17.2%). It was found that 75.9% of the subjects were willing to participate again if they were given a chance. The reason can be summarized as following: The content of the education is very helpful(47.7%). Scientific knowledge can be obtained through this program(20.5%). Participation helps in achieving psychological stability(9.1%). Participation enables one to establish a friendly relationship with other participants(6.8%) of the sample. 24.1% of the participants did not want to participate again. The reasons can be as following: They do not want another baby(42.9%). The first paricipation in childbirth education gave enough knowledge about childbirth(21.4%). Another reason for not want to participate again was because they had a cesarean birth(14.3%). Only 7.1% of them responded with a negative view. A response that they do not need childbirth education after their operation can be traced back to the general belief that childbirth education is the place where one prepares for natural birth through the Lamaze breathing technique. Of the subjects, 91.4% suggested that this program could be recommended to other childbearing mothers, because this program gave educational content along with psychological stability for childbearing women. Of the subjects 41.4% did not see any efforts towards the welfare of the baby, where as 88.2% did. Among the subjects 58.6% made some effort to eliminate the discomfort of labor by breathing and imagination and breathing and walking. Further 41.7% of the 24 subjects did not do anything toward the welfare of the baby, because they did have a cesarean section so that they didn't have a chance even though they had been educated about childbirth. Also 33.3% of the subjects did not do anything toward the welfare of the baby, because they lacked a willingness. After leaving the hospital, only 75.9% of the subjects did some exercises. The subjects who tried participate this program with their husband accounted for 20.7% of the sample. Interviewing with the subjects solved some of the uneasiness and. fear of delivery, increased self-confidence in parenting and active coping in the delivery process.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.57-61
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study is to compare both 1.5T and 4.7T in Praietal White matter material Phantom using the same methodology at both field strengths. Data at both field strengths are compared in terms of $T_2$ relaxation times, line widths and SNRs MR imaging and $^1H$ MR spectroscopy were performed on GE 1.5T SIGNA system and Broker Biospec 4.7T/30 MRI/MRS system. After phantom axial scan $^1H$ MRS was obtained from T2 weighted image by 3-dimensional localization technique(PRESS : Point RE solved spectroscopy Sequence) this phantom is composed of an aqueous solution 36.7 mmol/L of NAA, 25.0 mmol/L of Cr, 6.3 mmol/L of choline chloride, 30.0 mmol/L or Glu, and 22.5 mmol/L of MI(adjusted to a pH of 7,15 in a phosphate buffet). Data processed using software developed inhouse. At 1.5T, T2 relaxation times for Cho, Cr, and NAA were $0.41{\pm}0.07,\;0.26{\pm}0.04,\;0.46{\pm}0.07$ while at 4.7T they were $0.17{\pm}0.03,\;0.14{\pm}0.05,\;0.20{\pm}0.03$ respectively. At 1.5T, line widths for water, Cho, Cr and NAA were $2.9{\pm}0.7,\;1.6{\pm}0.7,\;1.7{\pm}0.8,\;2.2{\pm}0.02Hz$ while at 4.7T they were $5.2{\pm}1.1,\;4.6{\pm}1.9,\;4.01{\pm}1.8,\;4.8{\pm}1.9Hz$ respectively. It can be seen that $T_2$ relaxation times were significantly shorter at 4.7 compared to 1.5T and that the line widths were also broader. The average SNRs for NAA for subjects at short and long TEs were $23.5{\pm}11.3$ at TE=20 msec ; $15.4{\pm}7.7$ at TE=272 msec at 1.5T and $40{\pm}8.3$ and $17{\pm}3.5$ respectively at 4.7T higher field strength is superior because of improved sensitivity and chemical shift dispersion. However these improvements are partially offset by increased line widths and decrease $T_2$ relaxation times, which act to reduce both sensitivity and resolution. In our experiments with the equipment available to us, 4.7T proton spectra at short TEs exhibit moderately improved sensitivity compared to 1.5T.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.171-177
• /
• 2005

This study aims to analyze effects of mothers' socioeconomic features, and knowledge and behavior of oral health on experience and purpose of using dentistry. By survey to 103 mothers of 5-6 year old children, who use day care centers in seoul, the results are obtained as follows: 1. As for the rate of experiencing dental care classified by its purpose, 56.7% for dental treatment, 23.3% for regular check-up and 20.0% for precaution 2. There was no significant difference of correlativity between mothers' socioeconomic features and knowledge of oral health and experience of using dental care, while the lower rate of using dental floss, the higher rate of experiencing dental care(p < 0.01). 3. In respect of correlativity between mother's socioeconomic features and purpose of using dental care, the purpose of regular checkup was high in a group of mothers between 33 and 35 years old(71.4%) by ages and in a group of mothers who graduated from college(57.1%) by academic background(p < 0.05). 4. In correlativity between mothers' behavior of oral health and purpose of using dental care, the result showed that the higher the rate of using dental floss was, the higher the rate of experiencing dental care for a regular check-up was(p < 0.001) and the higher the rate of using fluoride dentifrices was, the higher the rate of using dental care for cure was(p < 0.05). 5. Multiple regression based on dependent variable of experience in using dental care showed that average monthly income(less than 2,500,000 won) was significant explanatory factor with 65% of explanatory variance. On the other hand, multiple regression based on dependent variable of purpose of using dental care showed that vocation(professional job) and age(between 33 and 35 years old) was significant explanatory factor with 70% of explanatory variance for a regular check-up, age(between 33 and 35 years old) and average monthly income (less than 2,500,000 won) was significant factor with 78% of explanatory variance for precaution and age(less than 32 years old) was significant explanatory factor with 33% of explanatory variance for treatment.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.99-108
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of oral health education practice and schoolteacher's self-efficacy on oral health attitude. The data of 217 dental hygienists was subjected to path analysis using AMOS 16.0. Oral health knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy and oral health education practice of schoolteacher were measurement variables of three path models. The goodness of fitness of Knowledge-Attitude-Practice model and Knowledge-Attitude-Self efficacy -Practice model were acceptable. The regression weights of two models were statistically significant. Oral health education practice of schoolteacher gave impact on oral health attitude by mediation of self-efficacy of schoolteacher. Self-efficacy of schoolteacher was a important determinant of oral health education practice. Oral health attitude and practice were supposed to be mutual determinants of health behavior models.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.13-30
• /
• 2002

Industrial shift workers feels suffer mental stresses which are caused by unfamiliar day sleep, noisy environment, sleeping disorder by bright light, unusual contacts with family, difficulty in meeting with friends or having formal social meetings and other social limitations such as the use of transportation. Such stresses influence health of the workers negatively. Thus the health promotion policy for shift workers should be made considering the workers' ways of living and shift work specially. This study attempted to provide basic information for development of the health promotion program for industrial shift workers by examining predictive factors influencing health promotion behaviors of those workers. In designing the study, three power generation plants located in Pusan and south Kyungsang province were randomly selected and therefrom 280 workers at central control, boiler and turbine rooms and environmental chemistry parts whose processes require shift works were sampled as subjects of the study. Data were collected two times from September 17 to October 8, 1999 using questionnaires with helps of safety and health managers of the plants. The questionnaires were distributed through mails or direct visits. Means for the study included the measurement tool of health promotion behavior provided by Park(1995), the tool of self-efficacy measurement by Suh(1995), the tool of internal locus of control measurement by Oh(1987), the measurement tool of perceived health state by Park(1995) and the tool of social support measurement by Paek(1995). The collected data were analyzed using SPSS program. Controlling factors of the subjects were evaluated in terms of frequency and percentage ratio Perceived factors and health promotion behaviors of the subjects were done so in terms of mean and standard deviation, and average mark and standard deviation, respectively. Relations between controlling and perceived factors were analyzed using t-test and ANOVA and those between perceived factors and the performance of health promotion behaviors, using Pearson's Correlation Coefficient. The performance of health promotion behaviors was tested using t-test, ANOVA and post multi-comparison (Scheffe test). Predictive factors of health promotion behavior were examined through the Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis. Results of the study are summarized as follows. 1. The performance of health promotion behaviors by the subjects was evaluated as having the value of mean, $161.27{\pm}26.73$ points(min.:60, max.:240) and average mark, $2.68{\pm}0.44$ points(min.:1, max.:4). When the performance was analyzed according to related aspects, it showed the highest level in harmonious relation with average mark, $3.15{\pm}.56$ points, followed by hygienic life($3.03{\pm}.55$), self-realization ($2.84{\pm}.55$), emotional support($2.73{\pm}.61$), regular meals($2.71{\pm}.76$), self-control($2.62{\pm}.63$), health diet($2.62{\pm}.56$), rest and sleep($2.60{\pm}.59$), exercise and activity($2.53{\pm}.57$), diet control($2.52{\pm}.56$) and special health management($2.06{\pm}.65$). 2. In relations between perceived factors of the subjects(self-efficacy, internal locus of control, perceived health state) and the performance of health promotion behaviors, the performance was found having significantly pure relations with self-efficacy (r=.524, P=.000), internal locus of control (r=.225, P=.000) and perceived health state(r=.244, P=.000). The higher each evaluated point of the three factors was, the higher the performance was in level. 3. When relations between the controlling factors(demography-based social, health-related, job-related and human relations characteristics) and the performance of health promotion behaviors were analyzed, the performance showed significant differences according to marital status (t=2.09, P= .03), religion(F=3.93, P= .00) and participation in religious activities (F=8.10, P= .00) out of demography-based characteristics, medical examination results (F=7.20, P= .00) and methods of the collection of health knowledge and information(F=3.41, P= .01) and methods of desired health education(F=3.41, P= .01) out of health-related characteristics, detrimental factors perception(F=4.49, P= .01) and job satisfaction(F=8.41, P= .00) out of job-related characteristics and social support(F=14.69, P= .00) out of human relations characteristics. 4. The factor which is a variable predicting best the performance of health promotion behaviors by the subjects was the self-efficacy accounting for 27.4% of the prediction, followed by participation in religious activities, social support, job satisfaction, received health state and internal locus of control in order all of which totally account for 41.0%. In conclusion, the predictive factor which most influence the performance of health promotion behaviors by shift workers was self-efficacy. To promote the sense, therefore, it is necessary to develop the nursing intervention program considering predictive factors as variables identified in this study. Further industrial nurses should play their roles actively to help shift workers increase their capability of self-management of health.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.65 no.2
• /
• pp.110-115
• /
• 2008

Background: Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung (CCAM) is a rare congenital developmental anomaly of the lower respiratory tract. Most cases are diagnosed within the first 2 years of life, so adult presentation of CCAM is rare. We describe here six adult cases of CCAM and the patients underwent surgical resection, and all these patients were seen during a five and a half year period. The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical, radiological and histological characteristics of adult patients with CCAM. Methods: Through medical records analysis, we retrospectively reviewed the clinical characteristics, the chest pictures (X-ray and CT) and the histological characteristics. Results: Four patients were women and the mean age at diagnosis was 23.5 years (range: 18~39 years). The major clinical presentations were lower respiratory tract infection, hemoptysis and pneumothorax. According to the chest CT scan, 5 patients had multiseptated cystic lesions with air fluid levels and one patient had multiple cavitary lesions with air fluid levels, and these lesions were surrounded by poorly defined opacities at the right upper lobe. All the patients were treated with surgical resection. 5 patients underwent open lobectomy and one patient underwent VATS lobectomy. On the pathological examination, 3 were found to be CCAM type I and 3 patients were CCAM type II, according to Stocker's classification. There was no associated malignancy on the histological studies of the surgical specimens. Conclusion: As CCAM can cause various respiratory complications and malignant changes, and the risks associated with surgery are extremely low, those patients who are suspected of having or who are diagnosed with CCAM should go through surgical treatment for making the correct diagnosis and administering appropriate treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.45 no.7
• /
• pp.938-947
• /
• 2016

Antioxidant activities and neuroprotective effects of ethyl acetate fraction from Dendropanax morbifera (EFDM) against high glucose-induced oxidative stress and neurotoxicity were investigated to confirm their physiological activities. An 80% ethanolic extract of D. morbifera showed the highest contents of total phenolic compounds as well as 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activities. The extract was fractionated using several solvents, and the ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest activities in ferric reducing/antioxidant power and malondialdehyde inhibitory assays. To evaluate the neuroprotective effect based on antioxidant activities, cell viability was assessed using PC12 and MC-IXC cells in $H_2O_2$- and high glucose-induced cytotoxic assays, respectively. EFDM evidently showed neuroprotective effects in all cells (neuron-like PC12 cells and human brain-originated neuroblastoma MC-IXC cells). Inhibitory effect of the extract on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) as an acetylcholine-hydrolyzing enzyme was performed to examine the effect on cognitive function. EFDM presented an AChE inhibitory effect. Finally, high-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that the major phenolic compound of EFDM is probably a rutin.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.41 no.5
• /
• pp.584-590
• /
• 2012

Dried $Compositae$ flowers have traditionally been used for the treatment of anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress in Korea. This paper investigates the effects of $Compositae$ extracts on the inhibition of proliferation and apoptosis of human gastric cancer AGS cells, human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells, and SK-BR-3 cells. The proliferation of AGS cells, MDA-MB-231 cells, and SK-BR-3 cells were determined by MTT assay. Several $Compositae$ extracts inhibited proliferation of AGS cells, MDA-MB-231 cells, and SK-BR-3 cells in a dose-dependent manner. To assess the apoptosis of $Compositae$ extracts, the nuclei of MDA-MB-231 cells were stained with DAPI. The presence of chromatin condensation in the $Compositae$ extract-treated cells was detected on a fluorescent microscope (${\times}200$). We conducted Western blot analysis of changes in Bcl-2, Bax, and p53 protein expression levels. Apoptosis by $Chrysanthemum$ $zawadskii$ subsp. coreanum, $Chrysanthemum$ $zawadskii$ var. $tenuisectum$ and $Rudbeckia$ $laciniata$ var. $hortensis$ treatment created a decrease in Bcl-2 expression, whereas the expression of Bax and p53 were increased. These results indicate that $Chrysanthemum$ $zawadskii$ $subsp.$ $coreanum$, $Chrysanthemum$ $zawadskii$ var. $tenuisectum$ and $Rudbeckia$ $laciniata$ var. $hortensis$ inhibit breast cancer cell growth through the induction of apoptosis.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.1093-1124
• /
• 2014

Studies on the role of agricultural science colleges are mostly divided into agricultural production, which is the primary function of agriculture, and other functions, which have recently begun to be emphasized as a result of social needs. With the green revolution and the aging of the farming population, there is a strong view that the role of agricultural science colleges should remain as it is. However, agriculture is expanding in terms of concept and content by converging with other industries not traditionally associated with agricultural production. Thus, the fields that now need to form part of agricultural science knowledge are becoming more detailed and expansive. The government's perception remains at the level of merely fostering farmers. This was evident in a survey on the employment rate, a factor used to evaluate colleges, in which the role of agricultural science colleges was limited to fostering farmers. Agro- industry fields, other than agriculturalists, include general industries in which the academic fields of agricultural science are combined with other academic fields. Thus, even when someone is employed in an industry that requires background knowledge of agricultural science, there is often a perception that he or she is employed in a field that is irrelevant to the major. This study examines the role of agricultural science colleges in agriculture and farm villages by focusing on the employment of graduates of these colleges within agro-industry. We categorize academic research on agricultural science into 16 fields, based on the medium level of the National Standard Science and Technology Classification Codes. Then, we categorize the employment fields into 168 fields, based on the small classification level of the inter-industry relations classification. Thus, we investigate 220 departments of 37 colleges, nationwide. Our findings show that the average employment rate of graduates of agricultural science colleges is 69.0%. Furthermore, 33.0% of all employees work in agro-industry fields that require background knowledge in agricultural science, which is one out of three job seekers. Then, 3.6% of employees work in business startups in agro-industry. The aforementioned government survey showed that only 0.1% of all college graduates in Korea were employed as agriculturalists in 2013. However, our results showed that 13.3% of graduates were working as agriculturalists, which is significantly different to the results of the government survey. These results confirm that agricultural science colleges contribute greatly to the employment of graduates, including farmers, agro-industry, and business startups in agro-industry fields.