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Changes in Neuropeptide Y-Immunoreactive Cells in the Hypothalamus and Cajal Interstitial Cells in the Small Intestine of Rats with High-Fat Diet (고지방식이에 의한 흰쥐의 시상하부 Neuropeptide Y-면역반응 신경세포와 장내 Cajal 세포의 변화)

  • Moon, Ji-Young;Moon, Kyung-Rae;Park, Sang-Kee;Chung, Yoon-Young;Kim, Eun-Young
    • Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.171-180
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    • 2011
  • Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess changes in neuropeptide Y (NPY) immunoreactivity in the hypothalamus and interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in the small intestine of rats fed high-fat diets (HFD). Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (200~250 g body weight) were randomly divided into two groups, which were the control group (normal chow diet for 6 weeks), and the HFD group (rodent diet with 60% kcal fat for 6 weeks). The immunoreactivity of NPY in the hypothalamus and ICC in the small intestine was evaluated after every feed for 6 weeks. Results: NPY immunoreactivity was observed strongly in the hypothalamic nuclei in the HFD group compared to the control group. The numbers of NPY-immunoreactive (IR) cells were significantly higher in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus in the HFD group than in the control group. In the region of Auerbach's plexus (AP) of small intestine, the staining intensity of the ICC-IR cells was reduced in the HFD group compared to the control group. The numbers of ICC in the small intestine with HFD, including ICC in the inner circular and outer longitudinal muscle were significantly lower than in the control group. Conclusion: This study suggested that increasing NPY-IR cells in the hypothalamus may reflect resistance of NPY action after a HFD, and decreasing ICC-IR cells in the small intestine after a HFD is functionally significant in gastrointestinal motility.

Physico-chemical Characteristics and Diversity of Marine Actinomycetes Isolated from the Coast of Jeju Island (제주 연안에서 분리된 해양방선균의 이화학적 특성 및 다양성)

  • Kim, Man-Chul;Heo, Moon-Soo
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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    • v.28 no.4
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    • pp.223-230
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    • 2010
  • To investigate the variations of physico-chemical factors in four stations (Hanlim, Aewol, Sinchon, Hamdeok) at Jeju coastal area, Water temperature, Salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solid (SS), ammonia-nitrogen ($NH_4-N$), nitrite-nitrogen ($NO_3-N$), nitrate-nitrogen ($NO_2-N$) were analysed. The ranges of water temperature were from 26.23 to $28.6^{\circ}C$, the salinity were from 31.4 to 32.88‰, the pH were from 8.15 to 8.35, the chemical oxygen were from 0.48 to 0.91 mg $L^{-1}$. A total of 52 strains of marine actinomycetes was isolated from Jeju Island coastal area. They were characterized by determining morphological and physio-biochemical properties, the API kit and confirmed by molecular methods including partial sequencing of 16S rRNA. A neighbor-joining tree of partial 16S rRNA sequences divided the 52 isolates in 2 major groups, 22 strains of Gram positive bacteria/Actinobacteria (division)/Actinomycetales (order)/Streptomycineae (suborder)/Streptomycetaceae (family)/Streptomyces (93.1%) and 2 strains of Streptospotangineae (suborder)/Nocardiopsaceae (family)/Nocardiopsis (6.9%).

옻나무 유래 Flavonoid처리가 흰쥐 Leydig 세포의 체외배양에서 Testosterone분비에 미치는 영향

  • 성환후;최선호;민관식;장유민;나천수;정일정
    • Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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    • 2001.03a
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    • pp.80-80
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    • 2001
  • 옻나무 유래 Flavonoid(F)는 항암 효과, 숙취해소 등의 효능이 있으며, 신장의 기능을 촉진하고 생식에도 영향을 준다고 알려져 있다. 그 주성분으로는 fustin, fisetin, sulfuretin, butein으로 추정되고 있다. 본 연구팀의 예비실험에서 성숙 흰쥐에게 F를 30일간 5mg씩 구강투여 하여 정소 중량 및 혈액 내 Testosterone 농도를 분석한 결과, 정소 중량이 증가되고 혈중 Testosterone의 농도도 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 높은 결과를 얻었다. 이에 본 연구의 목적은 옻나무 유래 F가 성숙 수컷 횐쥐의 생식 기능에 직접 미치는 영향을 알아보고자, 흰쥐 Leydig 세포를 분리, 회수하여 체외배양에서 Testosterone농도를 조사하였다. SD계 흰쥐(약 12주령, 체중 250g 전후)의 정소를 적출 한 후, Leydig 세포를 회수하기 위해 0.25% collagenase용액에 넣어 34$^{\circ}C$에서 15분간 진탕 수조에서 배양하였다. 배양된 정소조직은 D-MEM 배양액(10% FCS와 antibiotics 첨가)으로 2~3회 세척한 후 세포 수를 1$\times$$10^{6}$ cells/$m\ell$/well로 분주하여, F(20, 40, 80, 160ng), IGF-I(50, 100ng) 와 LH(10, 100ng) 용량별 각각 첨가하여 배양하였다. 각 처리 후, 배양시간(3, 6, 12, 24, 36시간)에 따라 배양액을 회수하여 COAT-A-COUNT(DPC, USA) kit를 이용하여 RIA방법에 의해 Testosterone을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 대조구 Leydig 세포를 36시간까지 체외 배양하여 Testosterone의 농도를 조사한 결과, 24시간 배양구가 가장 높은 농도를 나타내었다. F를 단독 첨가하여 12시간 배양한 실험에서 F 80ng 첨가구에서 유의적으로 높은 농도를 보였다. LH 10ng 및 100ng 첨가구의 시간별 변화로는, LH 10ng 첨가구에서는 6~12시간 이후, LH 100ng 첨가구에서는 3~6시간 사이에서 유의적인 증가를 보였다. 또한, LH 10ng 첨가 실험에서는 LH 10ng+F 40ng에서 12시간 배양 시, 유의적으로 높은 Testosterone 분비를 확인하였으며, LH 100ng을 첨가하여 3시간 배양 시는 각 처리구 마다 높은 유의적 차이를 보였다. 한편, GH에 관여하는 IGF-I 첨가효과를 비교 검토한 결과, LH 100ng+IGF-I 100ng, 6시간 배양구에서 유의적으로 높게 나타내었다. 이상의 결과로, F 단독 처리 시의 적정량은 약 80ng이며, 흰쥐 정소 Leydig 세포의 Testosterone분비를 촉진하는 작용을 하는 것으로 사료되며, 특히 LH+F구에서 Testosterone분비를 더욱 향상시킴으로써 정소 Leydig 세포의 Androgen 생성을 촉진시키는 역할이 있는 것으로 보여진다 따라서 옻나무 유래 F는 포유동물의 생식기능에 중요하게 작용하는 것으로 사료된다.

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Changes of Measles Specific IgG in the Sera of Children after Birth (출생 후 혈청내 홍역 특히 IgG의 변동)

  • Lee, Kyeong Mee;Yoon, Kang Cheol;Kim, Sun Jun;Cho, Soo Chul;Kim, Jung Soo
    • Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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    • v.3 no.2
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    • pp.185-193
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    • 1996
  • Purpose : The incidence of measles was gradually decreased since 1963 when measles vaccination was firstly developed and liscenced in the world. But, recently the outbreaks of measles in infants and school children have been reported despite of wide spread use of measles vaccination. This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of measles vaccination and the necessity of revaccination in Korean infants and children. Methods : 168 subjects of mothers and neonates, infants and children were enrolled in this study during the periods of 10 months from March to December in 1995. Measles specific IgG in the sera of mothers and children was measured using EIA kit (Sigma Co., MO, USA). Antibody titer of over or equal to 110 AU/ml was considered positive. Results : The results obtained were as follows. 1) Values of measles specific IgG in the sera of mother and neonate were 82.9 AU/ml and 89.3 AU/ml respectively and were rapidly decreased within 6 month after birth. Positive antibody levels (${\geq}$ 110 AU/ml) were observed in only 25 % of neonates. 2) In vaccinated children, values of measles specific IgG were 117.4 AU/ml in 9~15 month group, 76.9 AU/ml in 3~6 year group and 79.5 AU/ml in 10~15 year group after either one or two times of measles vaccination. Positive antibody levels in vaccinated children were observed in 57.7% of 9~15 month group, 38.4% of 3~6 year group and 34.7% of 10~15 year group. Conclusion : These results suggest that primary measles vaccination before 6 months of age can be considered and revaccination of measles should be recommended before 3~6 years of age. Further studies will be needed to clarify the reasons of high proportion of primary measles vaccination failure and to established the appropriate schedule of measles vaccination in korean infants and children.

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Serodiagnosis of canine toxoplasmosis by latex agglutination and indirect fluorescent antibody test (Latex 응집반응과 간접형광항체법을 이용한 개 톡소플라즈마병의 혈청학적 진단)

  • Lee, Byung-hoon;Lee, Eung-goo;Suh, Myung-deuk
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.32 no.4
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    • pp.641-647
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    • 1992
  • This study was conducted to determine the serum antibodies against toxoplasma in the artificially infected dogs, pet and street dogs by latex agglutination (LA) and indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test. LA test was carried out with commercial Toxo-MT kit (Eiken chemical Co.) and IFA test was carried out with rabbit-anti-dog IgG labelled with FITC (Cappel Co.) and toxo-antigen slides prepared in laboratory. The results obtained were as follows ; 1. Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in the artificially infected dogs were detected firstly at the Day 8 in IFA and Day 9 in LA test after inoculation. Positive antibody reactions by these tests were declined gradually afterward but maintained up to 12 weeks. 2. In LA test serum antibody titers in 310 test sera were shown as 10 cases(32%) in 1 : 32.5(1.0%) in 1 : 64, 4(1.3%) in 1 : 128 and 2(0.7%) in 1 : 256. In IFA test serum antibody titers 310 test sera were shown as 17 cases(5.5%) in 1 : 64, 8(2.6%) in 1 : 128 and 5(1.6%) in 1 : 256. 3. In the total of 310 sera from pet and street dogs toxoplasma antibody positive rates were 21 cases (6.8%) by LA and 30 cases (9.7%) by IFA test and the positive detection rates between these two groups by LA and IFA test were not significant(p<0.05). 4. In the total of 115 sera from pet dogs toxoplasma antibody positive rates were 12 cases(10.4%) by LA and 15(13.0%) by IFA test. And in the 195 street dogs the positive rates were 9 cases(4.6%) by LA and 15(7.7%) by IFA test. Also, the positive detection rates between these two groups by LA and IFA test were not significant(p<0.05). 5. Agreement of reactivity between LA and IFA test for 310 sera was 91.3% in total of 283 cases consisting of 12 cases(3.9%) of both LA and IFA positive and 271 cases(87.4%) of LA and IFA negative. 6. LA test was almostly equivalent to the IFA test in producibility and proved to be a simple tool for the screening of toxoplasma antibody in laboratory.

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Isolation and Characterization of Oligotrophic Strains with High Enzyme Activity from Buckwheat Sokseongjang (메밀 속성장 유래 효소활성 우수 저영양성 균주 분리 및 특성)

  • Lee, Sung-Young;Kim, Ji-Yeun;Baek, Sung-Yeol;Yeo, Soo-Hwan;Koo, Bon-Sung;Park, Hye-Young;Choi, Hye-Sun
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.43 no.6
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    • pp.735-741
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    • 2011
  • Bealmijang is a short-term fermented regional product that is prepared with soybean and extra ingredients. In this study, starter strain candidates were screened from Bealmijang for fermented soybean paste products. Twenty one bacterial strains producing extracellular enzymes (amylase, cellulase, protease, xylanase and lipase) were isolated from Bealmijang, buckwheat sokseongjang. The isolates were assessed for fibrinolytic and antibacterial activities, and salt tolerance. Strain HJ18-4, identified as Bacillus subtilis (AB601598) by biochemical properties (89.6%) and 16S rDNA sequencing (100%), showed the highest enzymatic, fibrinolytic, and antibacterial activities among the isolates. Although the growth of HJ18-4 was inhibited by the increase of NaCl concentration, the growth still exceeded that of B. subtilis KACC 10114 at 5% and 10% NaCl. These results suggest that B. subtilis HJ18-4 is suitable as a starter for soybean paste manufacture.

Mitigation effects of red Platycodon grandiflorum extract on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in splenocytes isolated from mice (홍도라지 추출물이 마우스에서 분리한 비장세포에서 lipopolysaccharide로 유도된 염증에 미치는 영향)

  • Park, Eun-Jung;Lee, You-Suk;Jeong, Hyun Cheol;Lee, Sung-Hyen;Lee, Hae-Jeung
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.52 no.3
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    • pp.243-249
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    • 2019
  • Purpose: Platycodon grandiflorum (PG) is known to have effective antimicrobial and anticancer activity. The main bioactive components of PG are saponins, and these could contribute to anti-inflammatory activity. However, little is known about the anti-inflammatory effect of PG. In this study, we aim to assess the anti-inflammatory response to Red PG Extract (RPGE) in splenocytes under ex vivo conditions. Methods: The cell viability of isolated splenocytes taken from mice was analyzed by performing a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. The productions of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines (specifically interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10)) were measured utilizing Griess reagent and ELISA, respectively. Results: We found that co-treatment with RPGE and Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) decreased isolated splenocyte proliferation as compared with that of the LPS-stimulated control. We also observed that RPGE markedly suppressed NO synthesis and IL-6 production that was induced by LPS. There were no significant differences of IL-10 production between co-treatment with RPGE plus LPS and treatment with LPS alone. Conclusion: When taken together, our data has shown that RPGE mitigates LPS-induced inflammation in splenocytes isolated from mice. Further research is surely needed to confirm the anti-inflammation effects of RPGE in an in vivo model.

Characterization and Culture Optimization of an Glucosidase Inhibitor-producing Bacteria, Gluconobactor oxydans CK-2165 (α-Glucosidase 저해제 생산 균주, Gluconobacter oxydans CK-2165의 특성 및 배양 최적화)

  • Kim, Byoung-Kook;Suh, Min-Jung;Park, Ji-Su;Park, Jang-Woo;Suh, Jung-Woo;Kim, Jin-Yong;Lee, Sun-Young;Choi, Jongkeun;Suh, Joo-Won;Lee, In-Ae
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.13 no.11
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    • pp.5179-5186
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    • 2012
  • Miglitol, a well-known therapeutic intervention agents for diabetes, exhibits competitive inhibitory activity against ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and it is usually produced through three sequential steps including chemical and bioconversion processes. Gluconobactor oxydans (G. oxydans) belonging to acetic acid bacteria biologically, converts 1-deoxy-1-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-D-glucitol (P1) into a key intermidiate, 6-(2-hydroxyetyl) amino-6-deoxy-${\alpha}$-L-sorbofuranose (P2) by incomplete oxidation. In this study, we identified and optimized fermentation conditions of CK-2165, that was selected in soil samples by comparing the bioconversion yield. CK-2165 strain was found to be closely related to G. oxydans based on the result of phylogenetic analysis using 16S rDNA sequence. Utilization of API 20 kits revealed that this strain could use glucose, mannose, inositol, sorbitol, rhamnose, sucrose, melibiose, amygdalin and arabinose as carbon sources. The culture conditions were optimized for industrial production and several important factors affecting bioconversion rate were also tested using mycelial cake. Cell harvested at the late-stationary phase showed the highest bioconversion yield and $MgSO_4$ was critically required for the catalytic activity.

Anti-inflammatory effects of the Rubus occidentalis seed extracts on UV-B induced inflammation in HaCat cells (각질형성세포에서 UV-B와 사이토카인에 의하여 유도되는 염증 반응에 대한 복분자 씨앗 추출물의 항염증 효과)

  • Kim, Dong-Hee;Park, Tae-Soon;Son, Jun-Ho
    • Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.59 no.3
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    • pp.247-253
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    • 2016
  • It confirmed the applicability as an anti-inflammatory material from Rubus occidentalis seed (RSE) extract. In HaCaT cells to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential as a material RSE extract on the activity of the inflammatory factors caused by UVB and $IFN-{\gamma}/TNF-{\alpha}$. We measured the activity of ROS, interleukin-$1{\beta}$ ($IL-1{\beta}$), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) by ROS-Glo $H_2O_2$ assay and ELISA kit. Our results showed that the RSE extracts inhibit the UVB and $IFN-{\gamma}/TNF-{\alpha}$-induced ROS activities and expression of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and IL-8 in a dose-dependent manner. Also it was found that inflammatory mediators of the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibition were also brought, the expression of which is increased $PGE_2$ by COX-2 also inhibited. Finally RSE extracts measure the seed expression of filaggrin in the skin barrier, the main factor of the extract could be confirmed to increase the expression of the filaggrin damaged as a result of this concentration-dependent manner. Through this, it was able to confirm that the efficacy RSE extract to protect the inflammation by restoring the damaged layers of the epidermis. Results from more than RSE extract was able to confirm that the extract that has anti-inflammatory effects by improving the inflammation being produced from UVB.

Bio-Conjugated Polycaprolactone Membranes: A Novel Wound Dressing

  • Cai, Elijah Zhengyang;Teo, Erin Yiling;Jing, Lim;Koh, Yun Pei;Qian, Tan Si;Wen, Feng;Lee, James Wai Kit;Hing, Eileen Chor Hoong;Yap, Yan Lin;Lee, Hanjing;Lee, Chuen Neng;Teoh, Swee-Hin;Lim, Jane;Lim, Thiam Chye
    • Archives of Plastic Surgery
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    • v.41 no.6
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    • pp.638-646
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    • 2014
  • Background The combination of polycaprolactone and hyaluronic acid creates an ideal environment for wound healing. Hyaluronic acid maintains a moist wound environment and accelerates the in-growth of granulation tissue. Polycaprolactone has excellent mechanical strength, limits inflammation and is biocompatible. This study evaluates the safety and efficacy of bio-conjugated polycaprolactone membranes (BPM) as a wound dressing. Methods 16 New Zealand white rabbits were sedated and local anaesthesia was administered. Two $3.0{\times}3.0cm$ full-thickness wounds were created on the dorsum of each rabbit, between the lowest rib and the pelvic bone. The wounds were dressed with either BPM (n=12) or Mepitel (n=12) (control), a polyamide-silicon wound dressing. These were evaluated macroscopically on the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th postoperative days for granulation, re-epithelialization, infection, and wound size, and histologically for epidermal and dermal regeneration. Results Both groups showed a comparable extent of granulation and re-epithelialization. No signs of infection were observed. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in wound size between the two groups. BPM (n=6): $8.33cm^2$, $4.90cm^2$, $3.12cm^2$, $1.84cm^2$; Mepitel (n=6): $10.29cm^2$, $5.53cm^2$, $3.63cm^2$, $2.02cm^2$; at the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th postoperative days. The extents of epidermal and dermal regeneration were comparable between the two groups. Conclusions BPM is comparable to Mepitel as a safe and efficacious wound dressing.