• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.85-97
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• 2010

목적 : 이 연구는 서로 다른 두 경혈이 심박변이도에 미치는 영향을 비교하고, 자율신경계에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해 수행하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 13명의 지원자가 3개의 세션에 균등하게 무작위 배정되었다. 각 세션에서 지원자들은 신맥(BL62), 조해(KI6), 또는 비경혈에 각각 침처치를 받았다. 10분간 휴식을 한 후에 자침 전, 유침기간, 발침 후 기간에 5분 동안 심박변이도 측정을 하였다. 유침기간에는 2분 간격을 두고 2회 심박변이도를 측정하였다. 결과 : 신맥에 자침한 군에서는 자침후 기간에 total power(TP)와 standard deviation N-N interval(SDNN)이 유의하게 증가하였다. 유침기간 중 첫 5분 동안의 TP와 SDNN은 자침전 값과 유의한 차이가 없었으며 유침기간 중 마지막 5분 동안에는 다소 증가하는 경향은 있었지만 통계적인 유의성은 없었다. 반면에 조해와 비경혈에 자침한 군에서는 TP와 SDNN에 유의한 변화가 관찰되지 않았다. 발침 후에 신맥자침군에서는 조해와 비경혈 자극군과 비교해서 TP가 유의하게 변화하였다. 그러나 SDNN은 발침 후에 세 군 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론 : 이 실험 결과는 조해와 비교했을 때 신맥에 자침한 경우 심장 기능 및 자율신경계와 관련이 있는 대체적인 활성이 증가한다는 것을 보여주었다. 이 결과는 신맥 자침이 자율신경계와 관계되어 있는 심장의 기능에 미치는 영향을 통해서 경혈의 특이성을 관찰할 수 있음을 의미한다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.177-186
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• 2004

Introduction : Recent studies Suggested that there is a strong correlation between acupuncture stimulation and its related cortical activation. Anther study showed that either positive or negative BOLD effects could be observed depending on anatomical structure in acupuncture stimulation. In ttis study, we investigated a new acupoint $KI_6$ (照海), which was known as motor-related acupoint and obtained an evidence that the stimulation of $KI_6$ resulted in either negative or positive BOLD response to stimulation. Methods & Results : 1. Subjects and paradigms : Two separate stimulation paradigms were performed on five healthy (aged 22-23 yrs) in this study. First, the paradigm of acupuncture stimulation was that the acupuncture needle was inserted in acupoints $KI_6$, which is located in lateral side of the foot and then continuously twisted(補瀉를 除外한 捻轉法) for 70 seconds for 10 cycles of activation. During rest period (70 seconds), the needle was completed removed from acupoint. Total 60 cycles were performed and 10 images were obtained per cycle. Second, nonacupoint was randomly selected and the same paradigm was performed as acupoint stimulation. The stimulation protocol comprised 10 cycles of alternating. activation and rest (10 images per cycle). Total 60 cycles were performed and each cycle take about 1.5 sec for motor task. Subjects take an at least 15 minutes break before starting anther paradigm. 2. fMRI mapping : Multi-slice functional images were obtained on a 1.5T Magnetom Vision MRI scanner (Simens Medical, Erlangen, Germany) equipped with high performance whole-body gradients. The BOLD T2 * - weighted images were acquired with acho planar imaging sequence (TR = 1.2 sec, TE = 60 msec, and flip angle = $90_{\circ}$). The other sequence parameter are : FOV = 210 mm, matrix=$64{\times}128$ or $64{\times}64$, slice number=10 and slice thickness = 5 or 8 mm. the anatomic images were obtained with Spin-echo T1-weighted images. The resulting images were then anaiyzed with STIMULATE (CMRR, U. of Minnesota) to generate functional maps using a student T-test (p < 0.005) and cluster analysis. Both positive and negative response were evaluated. Conclusions : We have observed the activation of the motor cortex by stimulating motor-related acupoint ($KI_6$). Among five subjects, negative BOLD response was shown in four and positive response in one. All subjects showed positive response to conventional finger flexion-extension task. To understand the detailed mechanisms of correlation between acupuncture stimulation and BOLD fMRI changes and two typs of response, further study strongly required.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.107-120
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• 2008

Objectives : This study investigated the antioxidant effect of electro-acupuncture at $KI_6$ on rats treated with 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride(AAPH). Methods : After electro-acupuncture at $KI_6$ on 48 rats that were given AAPH(50mg/kg) every day, the author observed several changes in weight, liver index, albumin, total bilirubin, LDL-cholesterol, LDH, glucose, GOT, GPT, SOD and catalase activity, and glutathione, NO, and MDA concentrations. Results : 1. In the $KI_6-EA$ group, the albumin level increased and LDL-cholesterol decreased compared with the control and holder groups. 2. In the $KI_6-EA$ group, SOD activity increased compared with the holder group, glutathione concentration increased compared with the control and holder groups, and catalase activity increased compared with the control group. 3. In the $KI_6-EA$ group, NO concentration decreased compared with the control and holder groups. Conclusions : This case shows that electro-acupuncture at $KI_6$ plays a significant antioxidant role by elevating defenses against cell toxicity caused by oxidative stress and suppressing oxidative injury.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.60-69
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• 2001

Objective : Recent studies Suggested that there is a strong correlation between acupuncture stimulation and its related cortical activation. Anther study showed that either positive or negative BOLD effects could be observed depending on anatomical structure in acupuncture. Material and Methods : 1) Subjects and paradigms : Two separate stimulation paradigms were performed on five healthy (aged 22-23 yrs) in this study. First, the paradigm of acupuncture stimulation was that the acupuncture needle was inserted in acupoints KI6(照海), which is located in lateral side of the foot and then continuously twisted(補瀉를 除外한 捻轉法) for 70 seconds for 10 cycles of activation. During rest period (70 seconds), the needle was completed removed from acupoint. Total 60 cycles were performed and 10 images were obtained per cycle. Second, non-acupoint was randomly selected and the same paradigm was performed as acupoint stimulation. The stimulation protocol comprised 10 cycles of alternating activation and rest (10 images per cycle). Total 60 cycles were performed and each cycle take about 1.5 sec for motor task. Subjects take an at least 15 minutes break before starting anther paradigm. Conclusion : In this study, I investigated a new acupoint KI6(照海) which was known as motor - related acupoint and obtained an evidence that the stimulation of KI6(照海) resulted in negative BOLD response to stimulation.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 2013

Objectives : This study aimed to investigate the general effects of low-frequency electrical stimulation of the ankle joint acupuncture points(BL62 and KI6) on the brain waves of elderly women as a pilot study to figure out the possibility of candidate non-invasive and non-chemical stimulation method for the enhancing the brain function. Methods : A randomized, controlled, double-blinded clinical trial was performed in 31 healthy women(mean age, 54.5 years) within a treatment duration of 12 sessions. In the experimental group, low-frequency electrical stimulation was applied using the maximum range of the individual insensible strength(mean current, $0.04{\mu}A$). The control group received sham stimulation. The background electroencephalographic activity was measured before and after the12 sessions. Results : After 12 sessions of stimulation, the relative power of the alpha wave increased(32 of 32 channels: significant difference in 11 channels, p<0.05); the theta(30 of 32 channels: significant difference in 10 channels, p<0.05), beta(31 of 32 channels), and gamma(30 of 32 channels: significant difference in 7 channels, p<0.05) powers were also decreased compared with the sham group. Conclusions : Electrical stimulation on the ankle joint acupuncture points(BL62 and KI6) seemed to stabilize the elderly women brain by inducing the alpha power and reducing beta, theta, and gamma powers. These results provide insight into the action mechanism of the stimulation and can assist the future developement of a non-invasive and non-chemical treatment technique for stressor related cognitive problems.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.116-129
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of electroacupuncture on heat sensation of the feet of a 61-year-old female patient with restless leg syndrome. Methods: Electroacupuncture was performed at four acupoints (KI3 (太谿), KI6 (照海), LR3 (太衝), LR2 (行間)) selected to reduce heat sensation in both feet. The patient's symptoms were assessed using the VAS (Visual Analogue Scale), the SF-MPQ (short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire), and the IRLS (International Restless Legs Scale). The treatment was performed from April 20, 2010 to April 24, 2010. Results: During five sessions of electroacupuncture treatments, the VAS, SF-MPQ, and IRLS scores improved throughout the treatment period and afterwards. Conclusions: The results suggest that electroacupuncture at KI3(太谿), KI6(照海), LR3(太衝), LR2(行間) can be effective for reducing hot flush in both feet.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.69-78
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• 2010

Objectives : To prove the effectiveness of acupuncture treatment targeting the insomnia-complaining patients from the group of hospital inpatients. Methods : Among Wonkwang University Iksan Oriental Medical Hospital impatients, needling Sinmaek($BL_{62}$) and Johae($KI_6$) and Venesection on Eunbaek(SP1) on the 15 insomnia-complaining patients. Then, confirmed the degree of insomnia symptom improvements through Saint's Mary Hospital(SMH) questionnaire, insomnia severity index(ISI), and Korean sleep scale(KSS). Results : 1. Result indicated after the acupuncture treatment, the total hours of sleeping increased in average per hour. 2. When evaluating the degree of improvement using Insomnia Severity Index(ISI) after the treatment, average score was lowered and the statistical data showed the result was significant. 3. When evaluating the degree of improvement using Korean Sleep Scale(KSS), the average score was increased and the statistical data showed the result was significant. Conclusions : Among the insomnia patients from the group of Oriental Medical Hospital inpatients, the total hours of sleeping increased, showed the score improvement by using the tool for evaluating sleeping, and indicated statistically significant treatment effectiveness.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.103-110
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• 2004

Objective : This study is aimed to evauate the changes of improvement after acupuncture treatment in 14 cases with paranasal sinitis at D Orirental Medicine Hospital from September 2003 to March 2004. Methods : The patients was treated with acupuncture therapy of Johae(K6), Yeolkyeol(L7) -one of Palmaekgyohoihyoel(八脈交會穴). The number of treatment time was from 7 to 20 times. And Patients were get evaluated about comfort and improvement, checked simple X-ray follow up. Results & Conclusions : After Acupuncture Therapy of Johae(K6), Yeolkeol(L7), excellent effect were 3 cases(21.4%), good effect were 9 cases(64.2%) and unchaged patient were 2 cases(14.2%). Remarkable improvement in paranasal sinitis was obtain with acupuncture therapy of Johae(K6), Yeolkyeol(L7)-Palmaekgyohoihyoel(八脈交會穴).

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.27-47
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• 2006

Objectives : The aim of this study was to analyze how to treat various symptoms through the combination of Yoelgyoel $(LU_7)$ and Johae $(KI_6)$, according to reviewing the contents and data since Ling Shu (靈樞經) to recent literatures including thirty-five medical books. Methods : It was arranged and considered that the location, needling, and symptoms of each acupoint were described in various literatures before the publication of Chim Kyung Ji Nam (鍼經指南). Through various literature since the Publication of Chim Kyung Ji Nam, it was examined how to be recognized and be referred about Yoelgyoel $(LU_7)$ and Johae $(KI_6)$. Results and Conclusions : The location of Yoelgyoel is the superior 1.5cun at wrist joint striation, medial of extensor carpi radialis longus; the location of Johae is the depression part under foot medial condyle. Yoelgyoel is often used for respiratory organ disease, urinary organ disease, neuopsychiatory disease, musculoskeletal system disease; Johae is often used for urinary organ disease, circulatory organ disease. At Chim Kyung Ji Nam, Yoelgyoel is often used for thoraco-abdominal Pain, gynecological disease, digestive organ disease; Johae is often used for abdominal pain, gynecological disease, digestive organ disease. Therefore, these points are used together for general internal disease. As well, these are not directly continuous with Previous literatures from Chim Kyung Ji Nam. The combination of Yoelgyoel and Johae have been developed to the three categories as follows; it is quoted from as it is; it is reconstructed in the form of song; it has new symptoms enlarged. Consequently, the combination of Yoelgyoel and Johae was not bind to the rule of Up-Bottom harmony (上下配合), but asserted for the rule of Ju-Eng harmony (主應配合), which add specific acupoints to e combination of Yolgyol and Chohae as the complication of the symptoms.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.39-43
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• 1981

The enzymatic properties of pectin esterase from Aspergillus sp. were studied. The optimum conditions for the enzyme reaction were pH 4.2 and temperature of $45^{\circ}C$. The crude enzyme was very stable at pH range of $2.2{\sim}4.6$, but about 20 percent of activity was lost at the range of pH $5.4{\sim}8.0$. The crude enzyme was very stable at $50^{\circ}C$ for one hour, however almost 100 percent of enzyme activity was lost at $70^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes. The pectin esterase activity of crude enzyme was greatly inhibited by addition of sodium chloride at lower pH range. That is, the inhibition rates of enzyme activity at pH 3.0 and 4.0 were 47% and 28% in concentration of 1M sodium chloride, respectively. The enzyme activity was not affected by sodium chloride at pH 7.0 at different concentration of sodium chloride. Although the enzyme activity was not affected by addition of sucrose, it was slightly inhibited at higher concentration of sucrose.