• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.227-237
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• 2005

To obtain antimicrobial compounds against fish pathogenic bacteria from natural products, 80% methanolic extracts from 14 species of medicinal plant were screened for antimicrobial activity against fish pathogenic bacteria, Edwardsiella tarda and Vibrio anguillarum. Among them, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Rhus vemiciflua and Sanguisorba officinalis were effective for growth inhibition of Gram-negative bacteria, both E. tarda YSF and V. anguillarum YSR. Through the activity-guided isolation for R. verniciflua extract that exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity among three extracts, one antimicrobial compound (1) was isolated and identified as methyl-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate, or methyl gallate. This compound significantly inhibited the growth of tested strains of both E. tarda and V. anguillarum exhibiting MIC of 1 mg/ml for each strain.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.195-202
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• 1999

Purpose : We peformed this study to evaluate the prognostic factors and the effect of induction chemotherapy in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods : A retrospective analysis was done for 130 patients with locally advanced NSCLC treated with curative radiotherapy alone or induction chemo-radiotherapy from January 1986 to October 1996. Eighty-five patients were treated with radiotherapy alone, forty-five with induction chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Age, sex, performance status, histopathologic type, and stage were evenly distributed in both groups. The patients were treated with 6 MV or 10 MV X-ray. Conventional fractionation with daily fraction size 1$.8\~2.0$ Gy was done. Of the patients, 129 patients received total dose above 59.6 Gy ($56\~66$ Gy, median 60 Gy). Induction chemotherapy regimen were CAP (Cyclo-phosphamide, Adriamycin, Cisplatin) in 6 patients, MVP (Mitomycin, Vinblastine, Cisplatin) in 9 patients, MIC (Mitomycin, Ifosfamide Cisplatin) in 13 patients, and EP (Etoposide, Cisplatin) in 17 patients. Chemotherapy was done in $2\~5$ cycles (median 2). Results : Overall 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rate (YSR) for all patients were $41.5\%,{\;}13.7\%,{\;}and{\;}7\%$, respectively (median survival time 11 months). According to treatment modality, median survival time, overall 1-, 2-, and 3-YSR were 9 months, $32.9\%,{\;}10.\5%,{\;}6\%$ for radiotherapy alone group, and 14 months, $57.8\%,{\;}20\%,{\;}7.6\%$ for induction chemotherapy group, respectively (f=0.0005). Complete response (CR) to overall treatments was $25\%$ (21/84) in radiotherapy alone and $40.5\%$ (17/42) in induction chemotherapy group (p=0.09). The Prognostic factors affecting overall survival were hemoglobin level (p=0.04), NSE (neuron-specific enolase) level (p=0.004), and respense to overall treatment(p=0.004). According to treatment modalities, NSE (neuron-specific enolase) (p=0.006) and response to overall treatment (p=0.003) were associated with overall survival in radiotherapy alone group, and response to overall treatment (p=0.007) in induction chemotherapy group. The failure Pattern analysis revealed no significant difference between treatment modalities. But, in patients with CR to overall treatment, distant metastasis were found in 11/19 patients with radiotherapy alone, and 3/13 patients with induction chemotherapy and radiotherapy (p=0.07). Locoregional failure patterns were not different between two groups (10/19 vs 6/13). Conclusion : Induction chemotherapy and radiotherapy achieved increased 2YSR compared to radiotherapy alone, At least in CR patients, there was decreased tendency in distant metastasis with induction chemotherapy. But, locoregional failures and long-term survival were not improved. Thus, there is need of more effort to increasing local control and further decreasing distant metastasis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.113-124
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• 2009

Purpose : This study was to examine the emotional behavioral problem of children in low-income family who were participating in local children care center. Method : From June 2 to September 9, 2008, 322 elementary school children were surveyed using structured questionnaire. Emotional behavioral problem were measured using K-YSR. Result : In the distribution of three groups by emotional behavioral problems scores of subjects, normal group was 83.23%, borderline group was 9.32%, clinical group was 7.45% among 322 children. The emotional behavioral problem score of subjects showed attention problem .62(5.61), aggressive behavior .52(9.87), anxiety and depression .50(7.89), withdrawn .49(3.46), social problem .43(3.50), somatic complaints .35(3.17), thought problem .32(2.27), delinquent behavior .31(3.11) and total behavioral problem scores were .44(44.55). Also, total behavioral problem scores was not significantly difference by sex and grade, but the scores of girls students was higher compared with boys. Conclusion : This finding will be significant in that it can provide basic data for school mental health services, which can provide early intervention program for the students who belong to borderline and clinical groups.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.700-708
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was done to test the validity and reliability of the Adolescent Mental Problem Questionnaire (AMPQ) for Korean high school students. Methods: The AMPQ was designed to assess adolescents', mental health status and problem behavior (Ahn, 2006). A methodological study design was used with exploratory factor analysis, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and a fitness of the modified model for validity. Also, Cronbach's alpha coefficients and alternative-form method for reliability were used. AMPQ was tested with a sample of 36,313 high school students. The participants consisted of 18,701 males and 17,612 females. Results: Seven factors were extracted through factor analysis: 'Psychiatric problems', 'Delinquency', 'Academic troubles', 'Family problems', 'Hazardous behavior', 'Harmful circumstance', 'Eating problems'. These factors explained 51.1% of the total variance. The fitness of the modified model was good ($X^2$=38,413.76, Goodness of Fit Index [GFI]=.94, Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index [AGFI]=.93, Comparative Fit Index [CFI]=.95, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation [RMSEA]=.05), and concurrent validity with Korea-Youth Self-Report [K-YSR] was .63. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the 31 items was .85. Conclusion: The results of present study suggest that the modified AMPQ instrument may be useful for efficiently assessing mental health status and problem behavior in late adolescent, high school students.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.132-141
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was conducted to describe mother's child-rearing attitudes and problem conduct of children as perceived by children and to examine correlation between maternal nurturing attitudes and child problem behavior. Method: The participants were 338 fifth and sixth graders who attended two randomly selected elementary schools in the city of G, Gangwon province. Child-rearing attitudes of the mother were rated on a 5-pointed scale that developed by Schaefer and added by Oh & Lee(1982). Problem conduct of children were rated on a 3-pointed scale of the K-YSR by Oh Kyung-Ja et al.(1997). The data were gathered from October 2 to October 28, 2004, and the collected data were analyzed with SPSS 10.0 program. Results: For the children's perception of mother's child-rearing attitude, student had a relatively high mean scores of 3.70±0.44. Correlations between the mother's child-rearing attitude and general characteristics of the children showed statistically significantly different according to grade, father-mother relations, type of residence and extent to which father shared household chores. The mean score for problem conducts of children was 0.47±0.25. The average for their internal behavior problems was 0.52±0.33, and for external behavior problems was 0.44±0.24. There were statistically significantly differences in the behavior problem scores of the children according to the general characteristics of grade, education, occupation, mother-father relations, extent to which father shared in household chores and religion. As to correlation between mother's child-rearing attitude and their problem conduct, every type of attitude had a significantly moderate reverse correlation to every type of behavior problem of the children(r=-.431, p=.000). Conclusion: Mother's child-rearing attitudes might affect the problem conduct of children, and mother should try to treat their children with affection and respect, to maintain good relations with father, and to bring their children up coherently in an autonomous, permissive, positive and democratic manner.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.95-102
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• 2010

Objectives : This study investigated the differences between the psychiatric characteristics of minor juvenile offenders and normal adolescents as well as differences in psychiatric symptoms after a six month protective disposition. Further, the current study aimed at determining psychiatric screening methods for evaluating delinquent adolescents. Methods : The Latent Delinquency Questionnaire (LDQ), the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS), the Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI), the Reynolds Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire (SIQ), the Piers-Harris Children's Self Concept Inventory (SCI), and the Korean Youth Self Report (K-YSR) were administered to 134 normal adolescents (114 males) and 109 minor offenders (97 males) aged 12 to 16 years. After six months, 46 offenders (all males) completed the RCMAS, CDI, SIQ, and SCI again. Results : Adolescents with minor offenses had more delinquent, aggressive behavior and externalizing behavior problems, but were significantly less depressive, anxious, or suicidal than normal controls. Further, recidivists had more anxiety, depression, and delinquent behavior than non-recidivists. Minor offenders reported that their anxiety and depressive mood decreased after six months of protective disposition. Conclusion : Adolescents with minor offenses had more delinquent, aggressive behavior and externalizing behavior problems suggesting that psychiatric screening tools for minor offenders should measure disruptive behavior disorder.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.61-72
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• 2017

Objectives: The Yin-Yang temperament and the Sasang Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) were reported to have relations with psychopathological problems in adolescents. The purpose of this study was to examine how domains of Yin-Yang temperament influence on problem behaviors in Korean middle school students. Methods: Subjects of 681 Korean middle school students completed the SPQ for measuring Yin-Yang temperament and the Youth Self-Report (YSR) for measuring problem behaviors. The differences of problem behaviors between Yin and Yang temperament groups were tested with T-test and profile analysis. The associations of the SPQ subscales on problem behaviors was also examined with Pearson's correlation and regression analysis. Results: Yang temperament was related to the externalizing problem while Yin temperament to the internalizing problem. The Emotionality and Behavior dimension of Yin-Yang temperament were found to be a factor of susceptibility and resilience for problem behaviors, respectively. Three dimensions of Yin-Yang temperament have different influences on externalizing and internalizing problems depending on the sex and Yin-Yang temperament groups of subjects. Conclusions: The Yin-Yang temperament would be useful for predicting and preventing the problem behaviors of middle school students. This study would be useful for screening the psychopathological problems and helping Korean adolescents to develop healthy character.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2001

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the clinicopathologic characteristics of gastric cancer patients and to evaluate the survival and prognostic factors and effect of immunochemosurgery for gastric cancer patients. Materials and Methods: The clinicopathologic characteristics were analyzed for 12,277 consecutive patients who underwent operation for gastric cancer from 1970 to 1999. We also evaluated the survival and prognostic factors for 9,262 consecutive patients from 1981 to 1996. The prognostic significance of treatment modality [surgery alone, surgery+chemotherapy, surgery+immunotherapy+chemotherapy (immunochemosurgery)] were evaluated in stage III gastric cancer. Results: The 5-year survival rate (5-YSR) of overall patients was $55.8\%$, and that of patients who received curative resection was $64.8\%$. The 5-YSRs according to TNM stage were $92.9\%$ for Ia, $84.2\%$ for Ib, $69.3\%$ for II, $45.8\%$ for IIIa, $29.6\%$ for IIIb and $9.2\%$ for IV. Regarding adjuvant treatment modality, significant survival difference was observed in stage III patients. The 5-year survival rates were $44.8\%$ for immunochemosurgery group, $36.8\%$ for surgery+chemotherapy group and $27.2\%$ for surgery alone group. Curative resection, depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis were the most significant prognostic factors in gastric cancer. Conclusion: Consequently, early detection and curative resection with radical lymph node dissection, followed by immunochemotherapy especially in patients with stage III gastric cancer should be recommended as a standard treatment principle for patients with gastric cancer.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.786-794
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• 2002

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate how adolescents' behavior is correlated with child abuse they experience, and how childrearing attitude of mothers perceived by the adolescents is correlated with child abuse experience by the adolescents. Method: A convenient sampling strategy was used. A total of 160 adolescents participated in this study. Of the 160 responses, 116 were used for final analysis. The data were analyzed using K-YSR program and SPSSWIN. Result: The results were as follows. Mild child abuse experiences reported by the subjects were Throwing the object at me (12.9%, N = 15), Clutching and pushing (12.9%, N = 15), and Slapping on the cheek (14.7%, N = 17)'. Severe child abuse experiences reported by the subjects were Kicking, pounding and biting (10.3%, N = 10), Rod, stick, belt, broom beating using various objects (41.4%, N = 38), and Beating all over the body (6.7%, N = 8). Very severe child abuse experiences reported by the subjects were Burning with cigarette (0.4%, N = 1), Threatening me with objects such as a knife, a hammer, an axe, or a gimlet (0.8%, N = 2). Injuring me with the objects (0.4%, N = 1), and Hospitalized by belting (0.4%, N = 1). In terms of correlations among the main study variables, physical child abuse had significant positive correlations with externalizing problem (r=.271, p=.001) and total behavioral problem (r=.288, p=.002). Physical child abuse also had a significant positive correlation with authoritarian childrearing attitude of mother (r=.363, p=.000). Physical child abuse had significant negative correlations with mothers affectionate childrearing attitude (r=-.191, p=.050) and active participative childrearing attitude (r=-.101, p=.035). Conclusion: Mothers childrearing attitude is a salient factor for preventing child abuse. In addition, child abuse is an important factor for preventing adolescent's behavioral problem.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.337-346
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• 1993

This is a retrospective cohort analysis of 58 patients who treated with postoperative radiation therapy following radical hysterectomy and bilateral pelvic adenectomy for early stage carcinoma of uterine cervix between January 1988 and December 1990 at department of radiation oncology, Keimyoung University Hospital. Sixteen percent of patients (9/58) had chemotherapy. Most patients were FIGO I b (47 patients), and FIGO I a and II a were one and ten patients, respectively. The median follow-up periods were 48.5 months. The indications for radiation therapy included pelvic lymph node metastasis, large tumor size, deep stromal invasion, lymphovascular invasion, positive surgical margin, endometrial invasion and parametrial invasion. Eighty five percent of the patients had more than one risk factor. The actuarial overall five year survival rate (5 YSR) and five year disease free survival rate (5 YDFSR) were $89.5\%,\;and\;87.8\%,$ respectively. Their overall recurrence rate was $12.1\%,$(758). Distant metastasis was the most common cause of treatment failure $(71.4\%:5/7).$ The univariate analysis of prognostic factors affecting to five year survival rate disclosed pelvic lymph node status (negative: $95.5\%,\;positive:69.2\%,$ p=0.006) and hemoglobin level $(\le11 :75\%,>11g/dl:93.3\%,p=0.05)$ as significant factor. The age status was marginally significant $(\le40:96.0\%,\;>\;40:84.3\%p=0.15).$ Multivariate analysis clarified three independent prognostic factors: pelvic lymph node metastasis (p=p.006), hemoglobin level (p=0.015) and age (p=0.035). Multivariate analysis of prognostic factor affecting to five year disease free survival rate disclosed pelvic lymph node status (p=0.0078) and status of surgical margin (p=0.008). Complications relating to radiotherapy were $10.3\%,(6/58).$ There were no severe major complication requiring surgical intervention or a long hospital stay. It is our opinion that the benefit of postoperative pelvic radiotherapy may be gained in such a high risk patient population with acceptible morbidity.