• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.195-220
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to validate the Korean version of the post-traumatic growth inventory-expanded(K-PTGI-X), which has been widely used to assess posttraumatic growth. The PTGI-X is a measure of the addition of the items to measure the existential growth as the need for modification to the factors of the 'increase of spiritual interest' in the existing PTGI is suggested. We examined the factor structure, reliability, and validity of a Korean version of the PTGI-X among 625 Korean adults who have experienced trauma events. First, EFA confirmed the appropriate PTGI-X factor structure and found that the 4-factor structure was the most appropriate. Next, as a result of CFA, it was found that the model to which correlation between items was added to the 4-factor model was good. Next, testing internal consistency, CR, and AVE of the K-PTGI-X showed that PTGI-X's items are reliable. Also, we tested the concurrent validity and discriminative validity. All of the K-PTGI-X scales significantly correlated with measures of deliberate rumination and core-belief except for the intrusive rumination. Finally, to add an understanding of K-PTGI-X, t-test according to demographic variables was conducted. Recommendations for future research and implications were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.123-143
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• 2009

To investigate the reliability, validity of posttraumatic growth among Korean cancer caregiver, 295 participants were asked to complete a Korean posttraumatic growth inventory, translated from the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI; J Trauma Stress 1996; 9: 455.471), together with the Caregiver burden scale, life style interruption scale, economic burden scale and positive adaptation scale, social support scale and questions about religious and demographic factors. Cronbach's alpha was 0.95 for the K-PTGI, indicating sufficient internal consistencies. Construct and Criterion validity were also supported. K-PTGI appeared to be a sound measure for the experience of posttraumatic growth in cancer caregivers and this study result will be able to contribute to facilitate future research.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.28-33
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• 2016

Objective : One of the aims of this study was to confirm the relationship in firefighters who have a high risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder. We also explored the mediation effects of resilience and posttraumatic growth (PTG) on the association between traumatic experiences and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Methods : A total of 677 firefighters were assessed in terms of the intensity of job-related traumatic experiences using the Visual Analogue Scale. They completed the Korean version of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), the Korean version of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and the Korean version of the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10). Results : The intensity of traumatic experiences was significantly negatively related to the CD-RISC-10 score, but it was positively related to the PTGI and the IES-R scores. The CD-RISC-10 score had a significantly positive correlation with the PTGI score, but it was negatively correlated to the IES-R score. Path analyses revealed that resilience and PTG independently mediated the association between traumatic experiences and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Conclusion : These results suggest that traumatic experiences contribute to posttraumatic stress symptoms and that these impacts may be mediated through resilience and PTG.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.755-758
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• 2016

Background: There is little information about the objectivity of posttraumatic growth experienced by cancer patients. So, the aim of present study was to investigate the viewpoints of family caregivers regarding posttraumatic growth in cancer patients. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in one referral medical center in East Azerbaijan Province in northwest of Iran. 120 primary family caregivers of cancer patients participated with a convenience sampling method. The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) and Perception about Prognosis Scale (PPS) were applied for data collection with analysis performed using SPSS statistical software. Results: Family caregivers believed that their patients had a good prognosis (score 3.95 from 5). The total score of PTGI was 60.7 (SD=18.8) that indicates a moderate level of growth as reported by family caregivers. Conclusions: Family caregivers of cancer patients have incorrect viewpoints about the prognosis of their patients and reported moderate levels of growth. These findings showed that posttraumatic growth among cancer patients is an objective phenomenon.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.7229-7235
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• 2013

Background: To determine whether the Health Partner Program is effective in training long-term cancer survivors to be health coaches. Materials and Methods: We randomly assigned cancer survivors who were selected through a rigorous screening process to either the Health Partner Program or the waiting-list control group. The program consisted of 8 weeks of training in health management, leadership, and coaching. At baseline, 8, and 16 weeks, we measured primary outcomes using the Seven Habit Profile (SHP), the Korean Leadership Coaching Competency Inventory (KCCI), Ed Diner's Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and the Posttraumatic Growth inventory (PTGI) and secondary outcomes using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) short form 36-item questionnaire (SF-36). Results: We recruited 70 subjects and randomly assigned 34 to the intervention group. The Sharpen the Saw habit of the SHP increased significantly more in intervention group than in the control group (p=0.049), as did most PTGI factors. The intervention group also showed a significantly greater enhancement of vitality (p=0.015) and mental health (p=0.049) SF-36 scores but no improvement in KCCI, SWLS, HADS, or IES-R scores. The intervention group also showed a greater clinically meaningful improvement in the "Think Win-Win" of SHP (p=0.043) and in the personal strength score (p=0.025) and total score (p=0.015) of the PTGI. Conclusions: Long-term cancer survivors can benefit from the Health Partner Program to become health coaches.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine posttraumatic growth (PTG) in family caregivers of patients with cancer. Methods: Participants included 201 family caregivers of cancer patients who are treated at outpatient clinics and oncology wards of a university hospital and two general hospitals in Busan, Korea. The study instrument was the Korean version of the posttraumatic growth inventory (K-PTGI). Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t test, one-way ANOVA and Scheffe's test using the SPSS 21 for Windows. Results: The mean score of PTG was 3.10. The factor with the highest score was "Changes to self-perception" (3.15), while the one with the lowest was "Increase in spiritual interest" (2.88). There were significant differences in PTG, depending on age, religion, importance of religious life and perceived level of daily difficulties. Conclusion: Family caregivers also experience PTG when their loved ones are diagnosed with cancer. According to these findings, it is necessary to develop a spiritual nursing program to help family caregivers growth from the experience of attending patients with cancer.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.499-509
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• 2016

This study was undertaken to investigate the factors that influence post-traumatic growth in patients with breast cancer. The study subjects were 100 outpatients with breast cancer who visited the outpatient clinic of a university hospital. The instruments used for this study were Korean Post-traumatic Inventory (K-PTGI), Modified Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (mMOS-SS), Self-Efficacy Scale for Self-Management of Breast Cancer (SESSM-B) and Cancer Coping Questionnaire (CCQ). The data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Pearson-correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression using SPSS/WIN 21.0. The mean score of post-traumatic growth was $3.4{\pm}0.9$ out of 5. Post traumatic growth had statistically significant correlation with social support, breast cancer self-management self-efficacy, and coping behavior. In stepwise multiple regression analysis, post-traumatic growth was significantly influenced by therapeutic compliance related self-efficacy and positive reframing coping behavior and it was account for 29% of the total variance. These results suggest that these influencing factors should be considered in developing the nursing intervention to improve the post-traumatic growth in patient with breast cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.4311-4314
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• 2012

Posttraumatic growth (PTG) is the experience of positive change that occurs as a result of the struggle with highly challenging life crises. The need to understand PTG in relation to actual changes in an individual's life has recently been raised. Little is known about the role of social support in the experience of positive outcomes. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of perceived social support in enhancing PTG in cancer patients. This study involved 105 cancer patients. The data were collected using a questionnaire that determined the socio-demographic features, posttraumatic growth inventory (PTGI) and perceived social support. Participants reported relatively high levels of PTG and social support. Total perceived social support, support from family, and friends were significantly positive associated with the development of PTG among cancer patients. Accordingly, the social surroundings of the patient should be informed about the importance of social support and how it helps the patient; they should be made aware of necessity of social support.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.312-321
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare health promotion behavior, post-traumatic growth and quality of life according to the stages of survivorship in patients with female genital neoplasm. Methods: Data were collected from August 1st, 2011 to September 31st 2011 from 142 gynecologic cancer patients who completed treatment or were treated at an out-patient clinic. The instrument were HPLP developed by Walker, Sechrist & Pender, PTGI developed by Tedeschi & Calhoun, and Korean C-QOL. Results: Health promotion behavior scores were significantly higher in the acute survival stage than the extended survival stage. Post-traumatic growth score was higher in the acute survival stage than the extended survival stage. The quality of life scores were higher in the lasting survival stage than the extended survival stage. Conclusion: Gynecological cancer patients in the extended survival stage reported low scores of health promotion behavior, post-traumatic growth and quality of life. Intervention needed to be developed to improve health promotion behavior, post-traumatic growth and quality of life for patients with female genital neoplasm in the extended survival stage.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.561-572
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy(ACT) on Complex PTSD symptoms, acceptance and post-traumatic growth of college students with childhood emotional abuse. Four hundred and fifty students in university completed Acceptance and action Questionnaire(AAQ-II), Structured interview for disorders of extrem stress(SIDES), Korea version posttraumatic growth inventory(K-PTGI). 14 participants was selected from that result. 7 participants were assigned to the ACT group and the others were in the control group. ACT program was administered for 8 sessions twice a week for 2 month, approximately 100 minutes. There was no treatment in the control group. All participants completed post-test at the end of treatment and then follow-up test after 6 weeks. The results were that complex PTSD symptoms level in ACT group was significant decreased and acceptance and post-traumatic growth level in ACT group were significant increased than those in control group at the end of treatment and the follow-up period. Finally, the implications and the limitations of this study, and the suggestions for future study were also discussed.