• Health Policy and Management
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.65-88
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• 2004

In general, empowerment is defined as the motivational concept of autonomy and self-efficacy. Recently, the concept of empowerment is applied to improve organizational staff's job satisfaction and organizational commitment in many organizations. Empower-ment in service organizations, i.e., hospitals, has certainly generated more publicity than any other organizations. The objectives of this study are, first, to measure the degree of hospital employees' empowerment using Spreitzer(1995)'s empowerment theory, second, to analyze the causal relationship of organizational and job characteristics, a degree of empowerment, and organizational performance(job satisfaction and organizational commitment), and third, to offer the strategy for the improvement of job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Spreitzer insists that the empowerment is composed of 4 dimensions(meaning, competence, self-determination, and impact). And he argues that various work-related characteristics is a direct cause of empowerment and the indirect cause of job satisfaction and organizational commitment, mediated by the empowerment latent variable. In order to perform this study, data were collected by self-administered questionnaires from hospital employees working in administrative department of 3 university hospitals in Inchon and Kyunggi-Do region. The number of cases is 181(response rate; 86%). The Collected data were analyzed with SPSS Ver. 10.0 and AMOSV Ver. 4.0. First, to test validity of variables, the factor analysis was used. Second, to test reliability, Cronbach's alpha coefficients was calculated. Cronbach's alpha of empowerment variable is 0.8323 showing that there's no problem in regard to the internal consistency. Also the Cronbach's alpha of other variables are 0.8301 of the degree of perceived control, 0.6705 of job characteristics, O.8787 of compensation, 0.9254 of job satisfaction, and 0.8389 of organizational commitment, respectively. Among the questions of job characteristics, two survey questions are deleted due to lowering the reliability. Third, to test multicollinearity and correlation of variables, the correlation analysis was performed. There was no problem of multicollinearity. Finally structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis was conducted to find the causal relationship of organizational and job Characteristics, empowerment, job satisfaction and organizational commitment. The 16 variables are included for the SEM analysis. The major results of this study are as follows: First, in the case of model fitness, the condition of x$^2$ statistic(92.187) is not fully satisfied, but the indices of GFI(0.912), AGFI(0.863), NFI(0.917) and CFI(0.928) are partially satisfied, which needs to upper 0.90. Second, in the result of hypotheses testing, all hypotheses are accepted and have a positive effect in 95% or 99% confidence interval(P<0.05 or P<0.001) except the effect of compensation variable on empowerment(P=0.082). Third, in regard to the direct, indirect, and total effect of variables, the direct effect of perceived control, task characteristics, and compensation on job satisfaction are 0.728, 2.264, 0.328 and on organizational commitment are 0.094, 1.411, 0.418, respectively. Also the indirect effect of perceived control, task characteristics, and compensation on job satisfaction are 0.311, 0.196, 0.028 and on organizational commitment are 0.210, 0.132, 0.019, respectively. Thus, these findings imply that various work-related factors are direct effect of empowerment and indirect effect of result variables, job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Also These results showed that the workplace empowerment is significant mediating factor of employee's job satisfaction and organizational commitment.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.229-240
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• 2016

This study was conducted to the purpose of elucidating the factors affecting the professional job perception of the medical recorders working at general hospitals. The study subjects were 428 medical recorders working at general hospitals. The survey was conducted using a standardized self-administered questionnaire from September 1 to 30, 2015. As a results, the professional job perceptions of the subjects were significantly related to the group of lower age, lower educational level, the unmarried group than the married group, lower monthly income, lower BMI, lower job position, dissatisfaction in work, unfit to the job, considering quit the job, irregular exercise, irregular eating breakfast, lower perception on socioeconomic status of medical recorders, lower perception on socioeconomic status of oneself, and lower future status of medical recorders. In particular, hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that the sociodemographic characteristics and the job related characteristics is highly correlated with the professional job perception. In conclusion, it suggested that the professional job perception of medical recorders was significantly related to the sociodemographic characteristics and the job related characteristics.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.232-271
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• 2000

The introduction of a team system to any organization is usually to improve that organizations dynamics, by increasing the proper adaptation to rapidly changing environments, by reducing approval procedures, and by promoting power authorization. In this regard, this study was carried out in an attempt to determine (1) whether or not the introduction of a team system can be as effective in hospital organizations as it has been in business organizations, and (2) what behavior factors influence such effectiveness. For the current study, questionnaires were distributed to the employees of a university hospital in Pusan. Four hundred eighty three of them(94.7%) were retrieved and analyzed through statistical processes. The three types of variables that were found to influence team effectiveness were: (1) independent variables of team organization characteristics, such as communication, organizational atmosphere, leadership and team knowledge, (2) intervening variables of team organization characteristics. such as job autonomy, technological variety, task subjectivity, task feedback and task importance, and(3) the dependent variables of team level effectiveness, such as job satisfaction and commitment to team organization. The gathered data were processed by using the 6.12 version of the statistical program SAS(Statistical Analysis System), and the reliance coefficient of those measured variables was then evaluated as an average of 0.78. The influence of team level effectiveness was analyzed by using multiple regression analysis. These differences in effectiveness were then analyzed on the basis of related mean values, while the differences among demo-sociological characteristics were analyzed by using the dispersion analysis(ANOVA) and the t-test. The results of the study can be summarized by the following. First, regarding the relationship between team organization characteristics and team level effectiveness, all of the factors including communication, organizational atmosphere, leadership and team knowledge were found to have a significant influence on effectiveness. Second, the factors of team job characteristics, such as technological variety, task importance and job autonomy, had significant effects on job satisfaction and organizational commitment among the teams members. Team level effectiveness was generally high, while team job satisfaction was higher the teams organizational commitment. Third, regarding the demo-sociological characteristics, team level effectiveness was found to be higher among those who were older, who had more job experience, and who had a higher position. Comparing the differences among job types, the effectiveness was relatively higher in the fields of nursing and administration/management then in other fields. Further study should be done towards the setting of variables for characteristics of hospital organization, developing suitable methods of measurement, and researching individual level effectiveness.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.159-168
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to confirm the general characteristics of 119 paramedics who are treating early emergency patients and to confirm the relationship between job stress and job satisfaction and to examine the effect of stress on satisfaction, a questionnaire survey was conducted on 365 paramedics in four Chungcheong provinces. The reliability of the job stress tool was Cronbach α = .87. The job satisfaction tool was Cronbach α = .84. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS WIN 18.0 program. There were differences among the sub - variables of general characteristics, but the general characteristics excluding academic ability were less correlated with job stress, and job satisfaction was higher when the subjects' age, number of dispatches and field hours were smaller. Job stress was found to be low when stress was high on first aid, dispatch, transport, medical guidance, conflicts and emergencies excluding partners. To reduce job stress of 119 paramedics, it is recommended to provide institutional support and education to improve the ability to recruit new emergency personnel and to provide emergency medical care and guidance because of diversification of dispatch methods and appropriate stress management.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.425-435
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• 2015

While managerial coaching has increased popularly as an effective leadership initiative in organization, the relationship between managerial coaching and its effects on performance has not been scholarly well defined. This study examined the role of managerial coaching as a moderator between job characteristics and job performance. Based on the sample of 453 employees in a financial firm, HLM was conducted to test the research model at multiple levels of organizational hierarchies. First, we found that managerial coaching has a direct impact on employee performance. Second, the strength of the relationship between job meaningfulness and job performance is positively related to the level of managerial coaching. Third, managerial coaching positively moderates the association between autonomy and job performance. However, any cross-level moderating effects of managerial coaching on the relationship between feedback and job performance is not observed. These results show that managerial coaching by managers could promote employees' performance through maximizing the impact of job characteristics on employees' motivation.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.351-362
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• 2007

Objectives: The present study was intended to assess the mental health of nurses working for university hospitals and to establish which factors determine their mental health. Methods: Self-administered questionnaires were given to 1,486 nurses employed in six participating hospitals located in Daejeon City and Chungnam Province between July 1 st and August 31st, 2006. The questionnaire items included sociodemographic, job-related, and psychosocial factors, with job stress factors (JCQ) as independent variables and indices of mental health status (PWI, SDS and MFS) as dependent variables. For statistical analysis, the Chi-square test was used for categorical variables, with hierarchical multiple regression used for determining the factors effecting mental health. The influence of psychosocial and job-related factors on mental health status was assessed by covariance structure analysis. The statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: The factors influencing mental health status among subject nurses included sociodemographic characteristics such as age, number of hours of sleep, number of hours of leisure, and subjective health status; job-related characteristics such as status, job satisfaction, job suitability, stresses such as demands of the job, autonomy, and coworker support; and psychosocial factors such as self-esteem, locus of control and type A behavior patterns. Psychosocial factors had the greatest impact on mental health. Covariance structure analysis determined that psychosocial factors affected job stress levels and mental health status, and that the lower job stress levels were associated with better mental health. Conclusions: Based on the study results, improvement of mental health status among nurses requires the development and application of programs to manage job stress factors and/or psychosocial factors as well as sociodemographic and job-related characteristics.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.377-386
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• 2017

This study was conducted to determine the relationship between the job stress levels of 669 subway operators in Seoul after the installation of screen doors and their mental health. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and via web site. A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted using the SPSS 20.0 statistical program. The total score of job stress turned to be higher than the standard score, and physical environment, job demand, insufficient job autonomy, interpersonal conflict and occupational climate were within the top 50% and organizational system within the top 25%. A correlation analysis revealed that job stress was positively correlated with all sub-domains of mental health. In terms of effects of job stress on mental health, there were significant differences according to job demand, organizational system, lack of reward and occupational climate, with an explanatory power of 36.6%. It is expected that this study can provide foundation for the establishment of organizational measures accustomed to job characteristics to prevent job stress of subway operators and the development and implementation of intervention programs for mental health promotion.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.117-131
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• 2018

This study analyzed the personal characteristics of the SW industry workers and investigated how these individual characteristics affect the satisfaction of job satisfaction. In addition, we examined how satisfaction with these jobs varies according to satisfaction with internal control and external compensation. This study surveyed the employees of SW industry in Seoul and Daegu from September 15 to October 15, 2017. The results of this study are as follows. First, personal characteristics have a significant effect on job satisfaction. Second, extroversion, openness, friendliness and integrity have a significant effect on job satisfaction. This is consistent with the previous study (Park and Song, 2005), which suggests that people with extroversion are more likely to feel positive emotions such as joy. In addition, it is believed that open empathy has a tendency to share with others in work, and positive emotions in work have a significant influence because they show high achievement in work. A friendly person places great importance on a comfortable and harmonious relationship with others, so he builds and maintains good relationships with the members of the organization by trusting others in the organization. Third, nervousness showed no significant effect on job satisfaction. This is consistent with the previous study (Yoo, 1987) in which the more nervousness is, the more unpleasant emotions work and the more negative emotions and negative experiences occur. Fourth, personal characteristics have positive effects on job satisfaction in the moderating effects of intrinsic compensation and external compensation. There is a difference in job satisfaction due to intrinsic compensation and external compensation.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.85-118
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• 2019

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the moderating effects of organizational justice, on the relationship between job characteristics and organizational performance of researchers in government-supported research institutes. For this purpose, a regression analysis was conducted based on a survey on 459 researchers in government-supported research institutes. As a result, first, autonomy, importance, identity, and feedback, excluding diversity, have positive effects on job satisfaction. Second, autonomy, identity, and feedback among job characteristics have positive effects on organizational commitment. Finally, as a result of verifying the moderating effects of organizational fairness on the relationship between job characteristics and organizational performance, it turned out that autonomy and diversity among job characteristics showed statistically significant effect on job satisfaction, and autonomy, importance, and feedback on organizational commitment.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.55-82
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• 2020

This study examined the factors that influence the turnover intention, job performance of call center representatives based on the adaptive structuration theory (AST). This study intended to empirically examine how individual characteristics of representative affect the technological and task adaptation, how they affect job performance and turnover intention. On the other hand, this study also explains how rational culture and organization a reputation which are considered as dimensions of organizational characteristics affects organizational commitment, and verifies the relationship between organizational commitment and job performance and turnover intention. Finally this paper aim to provide academic and practical implications. In order to solve the above research problems, this research proposed a model based on the adaptive structuration theory. In order to identify the relationship between the proposed variables and the AST for individual, we conducted an empirical test on the call center representatives. The structural equation model was used to verify the research model and hypotheses. The results of the empirical analysis show that the personal characteristics of counselors, such as communication skills, multitasking abilities, and innovativeness have a positive effect on skill adaptation, and skill adaptation has a positive effect on task adaptation, furthermore, it influences on job performance and turnover intention Respectively. In addition, among the factors of organizational environmental dimensions of the call center, it was found that organizational reputation not only increase continuance commitment but also increase normative commitment. Contrary to our expectations, perceived rational culture didn't have a positive effect on organizational commitment. Also, continuance commitment and normative commitment are valid predictors of job performance, but they have nothing to do with turnover intention. On the contrary, emotional commitment is the only one variable among three dimensions of organizational commitment have a positive effect on turnover intention, but is not a valid predictor of job performance.