• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.1271-1290
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• 2013

Let M be a fixed left R-module. For a left R-module X, we introduce the notion of M-prime (resp. M-semiprime) submodule of X such that in the case M=R, it coincides with prime (resp. semiprime) submodule of X. Other concepts encountered in the general theory are M-$m$-system sets, M-$n$-system sets, M-prime radical and M-Baer's lower nilradical of modules. Relationships between these concepts and basic properties are established. In particular, we identify certain submodules of M, called "primeM-ideals", that play a role analogous to that of prime (two-sided) ideals in the ring R. Using this definition, we show that if M satisfies condition H (defined later) and $Hom_R(M,X){\neq}0$ for all modules X in the category ${\sigma}[M]$, then there is a one-to-one correspondence between isomorphism classes of indecomposable M-injective modules in ${\sigma}[M]$ and prime M-ideals of M. Also, we investigate the prime M-ideals, M-prime submodules and M-prime radical of Artinian modules.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.853-866
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• 2014

Constacyclic codes of length $p^s$ over $R=\mathbb{F}_{p^m}+u\mathbb{F}_{p^m}+u^2\mathbb{F}_{p^m}$ are precisely the ideals of the ring $\frac{R[x]}{<x^{p^s}-1>}$. In this paper, we investigate constacyclic codes of length $p^s$ over R. The units of the ring R are of the forms ${\gamma}$, ${\alpha}+u{\beta}$, ${\alpha}+u{\beta}+u^2{\gamma}$ and ${\alpha}+u^2{\gamma}$, where ${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$ and ${\gamma}$ are nonzero elements of $\mathbb{F}_{p^m}$. We obtain the structures and Hamming distances of all (${\alpha}+u{\beta}$)-constacyclic codes and (${\alpha}+u{\beta}+u^2{\gamma}$)-constacyclic codes of length $p^s$ over R. Furthermore, we classify all cyclic codes of length $p^s$ over R, and by using the ring isomorphism we characterize ${\gamma}$-constacyclic codes of length $p^s$ over R.

• Korean Journal of Logic
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.71-109
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• 2014

Gila Sher believes that Tarskian definition of logical consequence is a conceptually and extensionally adequate explanation. She has tried to show this on the basis of Mostowskian conceptions of generalized quantifiers as being invariant under isomorphic structures and her own conceptions of models. In this paper I try to show that her attempt to justify the Tarskian definition is only partially successful. I admit that her conceptions of the logical as being invariant under isomorphic structures are enough to show the logical formality of logical consequence relations. But I think that since her conceptions of meanings of terms are quite inadequate for dealing with the problem of empty predicates, she fails to distinguish logically necessary truths from other kinds of truths.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.175-183
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between institutional pressures and IT investment decision making of management. To analyze the proposed model, we distribute survey questionnaires to mid-size IT firms and collect data from them. Furthermore, the proposed model was tested by PLS(Partial Least Squares) technique. We found that coercive pressure and normative pressure have an effect on mimetic pressure. However, these two pressures do not influence the IT investment decision making. The mimetic pressure has an effect on the IT investment decision making. The conclusions and implications are discussed.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.11
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• pp.1-21
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• 2002

Corporate culture is being recognized as essential managerial resources in the future business management and in recently the attempts, though weak, of developing the corporate culture which is corresponded with their own structure and needs are being carried on by some major companies. Then, corporate culture research, drawing attention in nowadays, indicates that it attempts to analyze and search the organization matters in the basical dimension in regard to the assumptions, values and beliefs of organization and provides the solution of organizational negative effects, which have not been settled in the previews research methods of organizational behavior, and that present turbulent management environment demands the whole conversion from the previews hard style to the soft managerial style. For this reason, this study aim at identifying organizational structure and corporate culture in the business group. Futhermore, the influence of organizational structure and organizational culture are examined. The objective of this paper attempts to analyze the ways and results of strong and special culture on the organizational structure and culture. To accomplish this purpose, this study gathers in-depth data form various secondary courses. First, uncertainties in market and technology are the main sources of mimetic isomorphism. Due to the high level of uncertainty is market and technologies. Smallness in size is responsible for the low level of complexity in organizational structure. The rapid changes in market, contents of service, and tastes of customers are responsible for the low level of formalization, which enhances swift decision making and responses.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.125-140
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• 2006

In 1933, I. Schur introduced a Schur ring in connection with permutation group and regular subgroup. After then, it was studied mostly for purely group theoretical purposes. In 1970s, Klin and Poschel initiated its usage in the investigation of graphs, especially for Cayley and circulant graphs. Nowadays it is known that Schur ring is one of the best way to enumerate Cayley graphs. In this paper we study the origin of Schur ring back to 1933 and keep trace its evolution to graph theory and combinatorics.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.545-549
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• 1994

Using the extended Hackel molecular orbital method in connection with the tight binding model, we have studied electronic structure and related properties of the charged cluster models relating to superconducting $YBa_{2}Cu_{3}O_{7-x}$, crystals in which O-atoms in regular sites were selectively replaced with Se atoms. In analogy to the isomorphism problem with molecules, we discuss all possible combinations of Se-substitutions in O-sites with one, two, and four Se atoms. The calculations are carried out within charged cluster models for analogues of YBa-copper oxide. Our results suggest that the electronic structure of the symmetrically Se-substituted or Se-added compound is closer to that of the YBCO superconducting compound than that obtained from the unsymmetrical substitution. This applies in particular if O is replaced with Se around the Cu(1) site. Symmetrical substitutions in the $CuO_2$ layers give rise to large variations in the electronic structure of $YBa_{2}Cu_{3}O_{7}$. This is consistent with the fact that superconductivity is very sensitive to the electronic population of the $CuO_2$ layers.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.5-15
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• 2021

Purpose: The study aims to delineate Shariah Governance Framework (SGF) by applying the components of New Institutional Theory (NIT) to provide an understanding of how Islamic banks theoretically influence Shariah Governance (SG) practice, structure, and process. Design/methodology/approach: As it is a conceptual paper, this paper has prepared based on an analytical approach to show how such institutions could provide a more effective system concerning the contents, procedures, and practices for the multiple users in the SG process of Islamic banks. Findings: The paper critically explores the adoption of NIT to develop SGF with its existing practice, structure, and procedure. Utilizing NIT, a proposed theoretical framework has developed for exploring the SG through its major components, i.e., 'isomorphism' and 'legitimacy'. It is stated that NIT can offer a useful framework by which homogenous structures, comprising guidelines, standards, and practices become recognized and authorized as a satisfactory standard corporate exercise. Thus, the proposed theoretical framework would be beneficial in understanding and exploring the SGF. Conclusion: The application of this SGF could help to justify the key dimensions of NIT with its overall formation, function, and practices that might also help to attain legitimacy.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.813-821
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• 2010

Let G and H be compact connected Lie groups with biinvariant Riemannian metrics g and h respectively, ${\phi}$ a group isomorphism of G onto H, and $E:={\phi}^{-1}TH$ the induced bundle by $\phi$ over the base manifold G of the tangent bundle TH of H. Let ${\nabla}$ and $^H{\nabla}$ be the Levi-Civita connections for the metrics g and h respectively, $\tilde{\nabla}$ the induced connection by the map ${\phi}$ and $^H{\nabla}$. Then, a necessary and sufficient condition for $\tilde{\nabla}$ in the bundle (${\phi}^{-1}TH$, G, ${\pi}$) to be a Yang- Mills connection is the fact that the Levi-Civita connection ${\nabla}$ in the tangent bundle over (G, g) is a Yang- Mills connection. As an application, we get the following: Let ${\psi}$ be an automorphism of a compact connected semisimple Lie group G with the canonical metric g (the metric which is induced by the Killing form of the Lie algebra of G), ${\nabla}$ the Levi-Civita connection for g. Then, the induced connection $\tilde{\nabla}$, by ${\psi}$ and ${\nabla}$, is a Yang-Mills connection in the bundle (${\phi}^{-1}TH$, G, ${\pi}$) over the base manifold (G, g).

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.64-88
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• 2024

Security and reliability are the utmost importance facts in intelligent networked vehicles. Stochastic Petri Net and Z (SPZN) as an excellent formal verification tool for modeling concurrent systems, can effectively handles concurrent operations within a system, establishes relationships among components, and conducts verification and reasoning to ensure the system's safety and reliability in practical applications. However, the application of a system with numerous nodes to Petri Net often leads to the issue of state explosion. To tackle these challenges, a refinement and abstraction method based on SPZN is proposed in this paper. This approach can not only refine and abstract the Stochastic Petri Net but also establish a corresponding relationship with the Z language. In determining the implementation rate of transitions in Stochastic Petri Net, we employ the interval average and weighted average method, which significantly reduces the time and space complexity compared to alternative techniques and is suitable for expert systems at various levels. This reduction facilitates subsequent comprehensive system analysis and module analysis. Furthermore, by analyzing the properties of Markov Chain isomorphism in the case study, recommendations for minimizing system risks in the application of intelligent parking within the intelligent networked vehicle system can be put forward.