• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.556-558
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• 1995

A strain which showed cephalosporin C resistance and 7-aminocephalosporanic acid sensitivity was isolated from nature. Among the isolates, SS5 was sensitive to cephalosporin C, penicillin G, ampicillin, 7-aminocephalosporanic acid, 6-aminopenicillanic acid, and 7-aminodeacetoxy cephatosporanic acid at concentrations of 1,000 $\mu $g/ml, 2,000 $\mu $g/ml, 3,000 $\mu $g/ml, 30 $\mu $g/ml 100 $\mu $g/ml and 100 $\mu $g/ml, respectively. But SS5 was sensitive at very low concentration of chloramphenicol, kanamycin, neomycin, streptomycin and tetracycline. Since SS5 was sensitive to 7-ACA (30 $\mu $g/ml) and didn't have $\beta $-lactamase activity on the cephalosporin C, SS5 could be useful as an indicator strain for the production of 7-ACA, which is an important precursor for the synthesis of many semisynthetic cephalosporins.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2013

Staphylococcus species are one of prevalent pathogens found in hospitals. Microbes that are a primary cause of nosocomial infection were isolated from a dental and medical environment it may assist the reader to explain what this is and how it differs from the 'dental health care providers and ward health care providers'. To investigate the distribution of staphylococcus species in this environment, we used vitek II to measure drug sensitivity, and further performed biochemical testing. The isolation rate of staphylococcus species from the dental and medical environment was 100% but from dental health care providers and ward health care providers were 44.4% and 33.3%, respectively. In the analyses, staphylococcus species showed resistance to diffusion of cefoxitin and oxacillin discs. These staphylococci may be sufficiently positive for the mecA gene. Our results suggest that staphylococci might be an important cause of nosocomial infection in the dental clinic.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2003

In this work, process optimization techniques for high frequency performance of HBTs are presented. The techniques are focused on reducing parasitic base resistance and base-collector capacitance, which are key elements determining the high frequency characteristics of HBTs. Several fabrication techniques, which can significantly reduce the parasitic elements of the HBTs for improved high frequency performance, are proposed and verified by the measured data of the fabricated devices.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.156-161
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• 1996

세계적으로 구리약제에 대해서 저항성을 나타내는 균주들이 발견되있으며, 이들은 구리약제의 방제효과를 감소시켰다. 국내에서도, 구리 저항성 균주 Xanthomonas campestris. pv. vesicatoria HN94-2, -3, -4, -5, -6 들이 천안지역의 고추재배지에서 처음으로 분리되었으며, 이들 균주들의 nutrient agar에서 황산구리(CuSo\ulcorner)에 대한 최소억제농도(minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC)는 1.4~1.6 mM이었다. 이들은 모두 황산아연(ZnSO\ulcorner)에 대해서는 감수성을 보여, 구리저항성 균주에 대한 방제약제로서 아연 함유 약제를 사용할 수 있을 것이다. 분리된 균주중 HN94-2와 HN94-6을 이용하여 접합(conjugation)을 통해 구리저항성의 전파를 실험한 결과, 이들 두 균주 모두 구리감수성 균주에게 4.3$\times$10\ulcorner에서 1.0$\times$10\ulcorner(transconjugant/donor)의 정도로 구리 저항성이 전이되었다. 이들 HN94-2와 HN94-6 균주의 구리정항성 유전자들은 약 200 kb 정도의 커다란 플라스미드(plasmid)에 존재하며, 이들은 각각 pXVK9402와 pXVK9406이라 명명되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.228-233
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• 2001

This paper presents the optimized design, fabrication and thermal characteristics of micro-heaters for thermal MEMS (micro elelctro mechanical system) applications usign SOI (Si-on-insulator) and trench structures. The micro-heater is based on a thermal measurement principle and contains for thermal isolation regions a 10㎛ thick Si membrane with oxide-filled trenches in the SOI membrane rim. The micro-heater was fabricated with Pt-RTD (resistance thermometer device) on the same substrate by suing MgO as medium layer. The thermal characteristics of the micro-heater wit the SOI membrane is 280$\^{C}$ at input power 0.9W; for the SOI membrane with 10 trenches, it is 580$\^{C}$ due to reduction of the external thermal loss. Therefore, the micro-heater with trenches in SOI membrane rim provides a powerful and versatile alternative technology for improving the performance of micro-thermal sensors and actuators.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.58 no.7
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• pp.26.1-26.11
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• 2016

The use of probiotics for human and animal health is continuously increasing. The probiotics used in humans commonly come from dairy foods, whereas the sources of probiotics used in animals are often the animals' own digestive tracts. Increasingly, probiotics from sources other than milk products are being selected for use in people who are lactose intolerant. These sources are non-dairy fermented foods and beverages, non-dairy and non-fermented foods such as fresh fruits and vegetables, feces of breast-fed infants and human breast milk. The probiotics that are used in both humans and animals are selected in stages; after the initial isolation of the appropriate culture medium, the probiotics must meet important qualifications, including being non-pathogenic acid and bile-tolerant strains that possess the ability to act against pathogens in the gastrointestinal tract and the safety-enhancing property of not being able to transfer any antibiotic resistance genes to other bacteria. The final stages of selection involve the accurate identification of the probiotic species.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.2-3
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• 1999

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2013

Plants are attacked by various phytopathogenic fungi. For many years, synthetic fungicides have been used to control plant diseases. Although synthetic fungicides are highly effective, their repeated use has led to problems such as environmental pollution, development of resistance, and residual toxicity. This has prompted intensive research on the development of biopesticides, including botanical fungicides. To date, relatively few botanical fungicides have been registered and commercialized. However, many scientists have reported isolation and characterization of a variety of antifungal plant derivatives. Here, we present a survey of a wide range of reported plant-derived antifungal metabolites.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2010

NPR1 is a positive regulator of systemic acquired resistance in Arabidopsis and rice. Expression of the rice gene OsNPR1 is induced by salicylic acid (SA). To identify the region of the OsNPR1 promoter involved in response to SA, we carried out deletion mutagenesis of the region 1005 bp upstream of the OsNPR1 start codon. Ciselement analysis revealed that the OsNPR1 promoter contains W-boxes and ASF1 motifs, both of which are known to be functional cis-elements of the WRKY and bZIP proteins, respectively. The deletion constructs 1005:LUC and 752:LUC, were induced by up to 4.3- and 3.8-fold, respectively, following SA treatment, suggesting that W-boxes and ASF1 motifs may play an important role in the strong induction of these constructs by SA. Using mutation analysis, we also showed that both the W-box and ASF1 motif are necessary for SA-induced expression of OsNPR1.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.278-284
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• 1994

Streptomyces spp. purchased from American Type Culture Collection and Institute for Fermentation in Osaka, and donated from Northem Regional Research Laboratory, and those isolated from soil samples were assayed to isolate many plasmids harboring streptomycetes. Among these qrganisms, 5 small size-plasmid carrying organisms SNUS 8810-597A, 8810-600, 8810-754, 8811-344, and 8811-347 were characterized and their plasmids pSJ597, pSJ600, pSJ754, pSJ344, and pSJ347 were isolated in a large scale. The plasmid harboring organisms were sensitive to neomycin, kanamycin, gentamicin, and thiostreptone, but some of them showed weak or strong resistance against streptomycin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and tetracycline. It was confirmed that pSJ597 and pSJ600 do not carry antibiotic biosynthetic genes. pSJ600 showed a pock-forming character.