• 아동복지연구
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.87-107
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• 2018

The study shows that parent-children of the Adolescent who are in the community child center and the effect of the peer attachment influence the mobile phones. Also it has verified the mediation effect of Ego-resilience between these relationships. For this study, the Ministry of Health and welfare and the Central support group of community child center. "Community child center children panel survey" the fourth data of th second stage of 2017 has been used, 438 ist middle school students who are using the community child center have been selected. As a result, On the relation of mobile phone dependency the parent-children relationship is statistically important trust and being isolated is statistically important among peer attachment. In addition, Ego-resilience has not found to be meaningful between the parent-children only communication on the mobile phone dependency has been confirmed mediation effect among peer attachment.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제57권8호
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• pp.363-369
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• 2014

Purpose: This study examines changes in developmental profiles of children with language delay over time and the clinical significance of assessment conducted at age 2-3 years. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 70 children (62 male, 8 female), who had visited the hospital because of delayed language development at 2-3 years, and were reassessed at ages 5-6. Language and cognitive abilities were assessed using multiple scales at the initial and follow-up visits. Results: At the initial test, 62 of the 70 children had mental development index (MDI) below 70 of Bayley Scales of Infant Development Test II. Of the 62 children in the follow-up assessment, 30 children (48.4%) remained within the same cognitive range (full-scale intelligence quotient, FSIQ<70 of Wechsler preschool and primary scale of intelligence), 12 had borderline intellectual functioning (FSIQ, 70-85), 6 improved to average intellectual functioning (FSIQ>85), and 5 had specific language impairment, 9 had autism spectrum disorders. At the initial test, 38 of the 70 children had cognitive developmental quotients (C-DQ) below 70. Of the 38 children in the follow-up assessment, 23 children (60.5%) remained within the same cognitive range (FSIQ<70). The correlation coefficient for MDI and FSIQ was 0.530 (P<0.0001) and that for C-DQ and FSIQ was 0.727 (P<0.0001). There was a strong correlation between C-DQ and FSIQ, and a moderate correlation between MDI and FSIQ. Conclusion: Low MDI scores reflect a specific delay in cognitive abilities, communication skills, or both. The C-DQ, receptive language development quotient, and social maturity quotient also help to distinguish between children with isolated language delay and children with cooccurring cognitive impairment. Moreover, changes in the developmental profile during preschool years are not unusual in children with language delay. Follow-up reassessments prior to the start of school are required for a more accurate diagnosis and intervention.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.147-159
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to investigate children's perceptions of their own peer status and the variables that affect the perception. Four hundred boys and girls in grades five and six participated in this study. The participants were sampled from elementary schools located in two cities in Cheon-buk Province. Out of the 400 self-report questionnaires filled by the participants, 380 were used for the data analyses. The methods of analyses included basic descriptive categorical analysis (frequencies, means, percentages) as well as t-test, one way ANOVA, and multiple regressions. To summarize major findings from the analyses; first, a significant difference was found in children's aggression by father's job and mother's age, in children's popularity by school GPA, father's education, mother's education, and fathers job, and in children's isolation by father's age, father's education, mother's education, and father's job. Second, children's aggression was significantly dependent upon self-esteem, loneliness, family harmony, and family communication. Children's popularity was related with school grade, name satisfaction, body satisfaction, self-esteem, number of close friends, loneliness, family harmony family communication, parental love and acceptance, and perceived closeness to mother. Children's isolation was significantly associated with school grade, body satisfaction, self-esteem, number of close friends, loneliness, family harmony, family communication, parental love and acceptance, and perceived closeness to mother Third, according to the multiple regression analyses, it was found that highly aggressive children tend to report less family harmony, more loneliness, and a larger number of friends. Also, highly popular children tend to report less loneliness, larger number of friends, strong family harmony, and higher academic achievement. On the other hand, highly isolated children tend to perceive weak family harmony, more loneliness, and lower body satisfaction. Lastly, the overall peer status indicator depended significantly on family harmony, loneliness, self-esteem, academic achievement, body satisfaction.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.137-145
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• 2020

Purpose: The Oral-anal Transit Test (OTT) is a simple method of obtaining information about colonic transit. We aim to assess the correlation of OTT with the neuromuscular integrity of the colon determined by colonic manometry (CM). Methods: All patients who had OTT followed by CM were evaluated. Less than 6 of 24 markers remaining on OTT was considered normal. CM was performed per previously published guidelines. A normal CM was defined as at least one High Amplitude Propagating Contraction progressing from the most proximal sensor through the sigmoid colon. Results: A total of 34 patients underwent both OTT and CM (44% male, age 4-18 years, mean 11.5 years, 97% functional constipation +/- soiling, Hirschsprung's Disease). Of normal and abnormal OTT patients, 85.7% (6/7) and 18.5% (5/27) respectively had normal CM. When all markers progressed to at least the sigmoid colon, this was 100% predictive against colonic inertia. Greater than 50% of patients with manometric isolated sigmoid dysfunction had markers proximal to the recto-sigmoid. Conclusion: OTT and CM are both valuable studies that assess different aspects of colonic function. OTT can be used as a screening test to rule out colonic inertia. However, the most proximal extent of remaining markers does not predict the anatomical extent of the manometric abnormality, particularly in isolated sigmoid dysfunction.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제59권8호
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• pp.341-345
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• 2016

Purpose: Venous angioma (VA) is the most common congenital abnormality of the intracranial vasculature. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between VA and epilepsy and to identify the characteristics of children with VA and epilepsy. Methods: The records of all patients aged less than 18 years who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at Pusan National University Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with isolated VA and patients with normal MRI were compared in terms of the prevalence of epilepsy. Results: In total, 2,385 pediatric patients who underwent brain MRI were enrolled. Isolated VA was identified in 26 patients (VA group). Among the patients with normal MRI findings, 225 age- and sexmatched patients to the VA-group were assigned to the control group. Nine patients in the VA group (9 of 26, 34.6%) and 27 patients in the control group (26 of 225, 11.5%; P<0.001) had epilepsy. In the VA group, 20 patients (76.9%) had the VA in the cerebral hemispheres, and 6 patients (23.1%) had the VA in the brainstem and cerebellum. The latter showed a higher prevalence of epilepsy (5 of 6, 83.3%) than the former (4 of 20, 20.0%; P=0.004). Among the nine patients who had epilepsy with VA, patients whose VA involved the brainstem and cerebellum showed a significantly higher frequency of abnormal Electroencephalographic findings than patients whose VA involved the cerebral hemispheres (P=0.016). Conclusion: VA, especially in the brainstem and cerebellum, might be associated with epilepsy.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.176-181
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• 2002

In order to isolate and identify Bifidobacterium spp. that originated in Korea, feces were sampled from healthy Korean adults and children living in three villages, the first having a history of longevity and the other two where the diet did not include fermented milk or any pharmaceutical preparations. Through the use of Gram staining and microscopic examination for cell morphology, 23 bacterial strains presumed to be the Bifidobacterium genus were isolated from the feces of 13 out of a total of 59 Korean people. To identify the Bifidobacterium strains at the genus level, these bacteria were then analyzed by TLC and the fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase (F6PPK) test. The result showed that 22 of the isolated strains were confirmed to be members of the genus Bifidobacterium. All of these bifidobacteria were also identified as Bifidobacterium spp. by the fermentation test. Using a RFLP analysis, an attempt was made to identify the Bifidobacterium spp. that had been isolated from both Korean adults and children. In a genomic Southern blot analysis after digestion with two restriction enzymes (EcoRI, HindIII), all of the 14 randomly selected Korean isolates showed patterns identical to those of three different B. longum species. Another restriction enzyme, CfoI (4-bp recognition enzyme), was then used to identify the strain. Interestingly, all the Korean isolates were identified as B. longum ATCC 15708, indicating that a RFLP analysis was effective for identifying Bifidobacterium spp. at both the strain and species levels.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제44권
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• pp.146-177
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• 2001

One of the difficulties of female-headed families face is economic hardship. Low-income single mothers work long hours, become isolated and feel burdened for dual roles. And many of them don't have relatives to share parenting roles. As a result, children of low-income female-headed families are easy to be neglected and left to form a delinquency-prone group in neighborhood. Traditionally, it has been viewed that children in female-headed families have problems due to the loss of father role. However, study indicates that these children can adjust well if the relationship between mothers and children is consistent and adequate. An Intervention program for low-income female-headed elementary children was developed and delivered in two community social welfare centers. The purpose of the program is to raise self-esteem. Two goals were 1) management of daily living habits and 2) improvement of family relations. Social workers maintained contact with mothers to talk about children's behaviors and to prompt hugging and touching. In addition, workers helped children to form good relationships with peers and school teachers. Children were satisfied with the program. Their family relations were improved statistically significantly after the program(wilcoxon signed rant test z=-2.934 p<.05). However, their self esteem were not improved significantly (wilcoxon signed test z=-1.173 p>.05). Qualitative analysis of each children were also discussed. The implications of the study are the followings: Intervention programs need to be delivered separately for low-grade and high grade elementary children because they have different developmental needs. The program also need to include education on sex and marriage as well as aggression reduction. Society needs to provide more support to single mothers for their personal and parenting needs.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.377-386
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• 2019

Purpose: Percutaneous liver biopsy (PLB), a diagnostic procedure to identify several hepatobiliary disorders, is considered safe with low incidence of associated complications. While postoperative monitoring guidelines are suggested for adults, selection of procedural recovery time for children remains at the discretion of individual operators. We aim to determine if differences exist in frequency of surgical complications, unplanned admissions, and healthcare cost for children undergoing outpatient PLB for cohorts with same-day vs. overnight observation. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study in children 1 month to 17 years of age undergoing ultrasound-guided PLB from January 2009 to August 2017 at a tertiary care, pediatric referral center. Cohorts were defined by postprocedural observation duration: same-day (${\leq}8$ hours) vs. overnight observation. Outcomes included surgical complications, medical interventions, unscheduled hospitalization within 7 days, and total encounter costs. Results: One hundred and twelve children met study criteria of which 18 (16.1%) were assigned to same-day observation. No differences were noted in demographics, anthropometrics, comorbidities, biopsy indications, or preoperative coagulation profiles. No major complications or acute hospitalizations after PLB were observed. Administration of analgesia and fluid boluses were isolated and given within 8 hours. Compared to overnight monitoring, same-day observation accrued less total costs (US $992 less per encounter). Conclusion: Same-day observation after PLB in children appears well-tolerated with only minor interventions and complications observed within 8 hours of procedure. We recommend a targeted risk assessment prior to selection of observation duration. Same-day observation appears an appropriate recovery strategy in otherwise low-risk children undergoing outpatient PLB.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.34-40
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• 1998

목적 : 소아에서 전신 질환 없이 단독 혈뇨를 보이는 환이중에서 특발성 고칼슘뇨증의 빈도, 이의 임상적인 의의 및 장기적인 예후를 알아보고자 본 조사를 시행하였다. 방법 : 대상 환아는 전신 질환 없이 단독혈뇨를 주소로 경북대학병원 소아과에 입원한 150례로 하였으며 고칼슘뇨증은 통상적인 식사를 취하는 동안 24시간 요칼슘배설이 4mg/kg 이상인 경우로 하였고 입원후 경구칼슘 부하검사를 시행하여 흡수형 흑은 신성으로 구분하였다. 모든 환아에서 입원시 및 추적 관찰 기간중 1년간격으로 초음파를 시행하여 신결석 유무를 확인하였고 또한 Dipstick을 이용하여 혈뇨 소실 여부를 추적 관찰하였다. 결과 : 대상 환아 150례중 44례 (29%)가 특발성 고칼슘뇨증으로 진단되었으며 정상 칼슘 배설군에 비해 여아보다 남아 (9:35)가 많았고 혈뇨 양상은 육안적 혈뇨가 현미경적 혈뇨 (37:7)보다 많았다 (P<0.05). 경구 칼슘 부하검사로서는 신성이 29례, 흡수형이 8례였으며 7례에서는 형을 결정할 수 없었다. 세 형간의 24시간 요중 칼슘배설량 및 각종 검사상 차이점은 발견 할 수 없었다. 3례에서 시행한 신조직검사는 모두 정상 소견이었다. 고칼슘뇨증 환아에서의 신결석의 발생은 4례 (입원시 2졔 및 추적 관찰 기간 $1{\sim}2$년에 2례)로서 10%의 빈도를 보였으며 신결석이 발생한 군은 발생하지 않은 군에 비하여 연령이 낮았으며 ($3.7{\pm}2.7\;vs\;7.2{\pm}2.9$ yr) 여아가 남아보다 많았다 (3:1 vs 6:34) (P<0.05). 24시간 요칼슘배설량 및 칼슘 부하검사에 의한 유형에 따른 차이는 없었다. 혈뇨의 소실은 추적 관찰 기간 $1{\sim}2,\;2{\sim}4,\;4{\sim}6$ 및 $6{\sim}8$년에 각각 56, 50, 66및 75%의 환아에서 혈뇨가 소실되었다. 결론 : 특발성 고칼슘뇨증은 소아의 혈뇨의 원인으로서 중요한 위치를 차지함을 알 수 있었으며 그러므로 반복성 혹은 육안적 혈뇨 환아에 대해서는 요중 칼슘 배설량 측정이 필수적인 검사로 생각된다. 또한 신장 결석 발생의 조기 진단을 위하여 정기적인 신초음파 검사가 필요하다 하겠다. 그러나 경구 칼슘 부하검사에 의한 신성과 흡수형의 구분은 임상적으로 큰 의의가 없는 것으로 생각되며 이에 관해서는 추후 더 많은 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국환경보건학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경보건학회 2004년도 International Conference Global Environmental Problems and their Health Consequences
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• pp.210-212
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• 2004

This study was conducted to determine the fluoride intakes in 120 preschool children aged $3{\sim}6$ residing in Jumunjin(community water fluoridation area) and Kangnung(non-fluoridation area). The parents duplicated all the diets that their children ingested in a day. The acid-diffusible fluoride in the diet was isolated by the acid-diffusion technique and measured with a fluoride electrode. The mean daily fluoride intakes form all kinds of diet by children residing in Jumunjin and Kangnung were $0.445{\pm}0.354mg/day$ and $0.131{\pm}0.097mg/day$, respectively. It is concluded from this investigtion that the amount of fluoride intake of children living in Jumunjin(fluoridated areas) did not exceed the upper intake level designated by the Institute of medicine of the US National Academy of Science to avoid the risk of dental fluorosis(2.2mg/day in 4- to 8-year-olds).