• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 1999년도 제17회 학술발표회 논문개요집
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• pp.220-220
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• 1999

In plasma source ion implantation, the target is immersed in the plasma and repetitively biased by negative high voltage pulses to implant the extracted ions from plasma into the surface of the target material. In this way, the problems of line-of-sight implantation in ion-beam ion implantation technique can be effectively solved. In addition, the high dose rate and simplicity of the equipment enable the ion implantation a commercially affordable process. In this work, plasma source ion implantation technique was used to improve the wear resistance of Co-cemented WC. which has been extensively used for high speed tools. Nitrogen and carbon ions were implanted using the pulse bias of -602kV, 25 sec and at various implantation conditions. The implanted samples were examined using scanning Auger electron spectroscopy and XPS to investigate the depth distributions of implanted ions and to reveal the chemical state change due to the ion implantation. The implanted ions were found to have penetrated to the depth of 3000$\AA$. The wear resistance of the implanted samples was measured using pin-on-disc wear tester and the wear tracks were examined with alpha-step profilometer.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.254-259
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• 2004

The research on surface modification technology has been advanced to change the properties of engineering material. Ion implantation is a novel surface modification technology to enhance the mechanical, chemical and electronic properties of mechanical parts. In this research, nitrogen ions are implanted into aluminum for mold to improve endurance and life span. To analyze modification of surface properties, micro hardness, friction coefficient, wear resistance, contact angle, and surface roughness were measured. Hardness of ion implanted specimens was higher than untreated specimen and friction coefficient was also improved. In this experiment, it can be expected that nitrogen ion implantation can contribute to enhance the mechanical properties of material and ion implantation technology may also be applied to other materials.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.95-100
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• 2006

The GaAs-on-insulator (GOI) wafer fabrication technique has been developed by using ion-cut process, based on hydrogen ion implantation and wafer direct bonding techniques. The hydrogen ion implantation condition for the ion-cut process in GaAs and the associated implantation mechanism have been investigated in this paper. Depth distribution of hydrogen atoms and the corresponding lattice disorder in (100) GaAs wafers produced by 40 keV hydrogen ion implantation were studied by SIMS and RBS/channeling analysis, respectively. In addition, the formation of platelets in the as-implanted GaAs and their microscopic evolution with annealing in the damaged layer was also studied by cross-sectional TEM analysis. The influence of the ion fluence, the implantation temperature and subsequent annealing on blistering and/or flaking was studied, and the optimum conditions for achieving blistering/splitting only after post-implantation annealing were determined. It was found that the new optimum implant temperature window for the GaAs ion-cut lie in $120{\sim}160^{\circ}C$, which is markedly lower than the previously reported window probably due to the inaccuracy in temperature measurement in most of the other implanters.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.175-180
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• 2003

As the integrated circuit device shrinks to the deep submicron regime, the ion implantation process with high ion dose has been attracted beyond the conventional ion implantation technology. In particular, for the case of boron ion implantation with low energy and high dose, the stabilization and throughput of semiconductor chip manufacturing are decreasing because of trouble due to the machine conditions and beam turning of ion implanter system. In this paper, we focused to the improved characteristics of processing conditions of ion implantation equipment through the modified deceleration mode. Thus, our modified recipe with low energy and high ion dose can be directly apply in the semiconductor manufacturing process without any degradation of stability and throughput.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제32권8호
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• pp.1178-1184
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• 2008

In this study, techniques of ion implantation were used in order to improve the characteristics of metal materials such as the oxidation and wear resistant. In particular it is necessary to develope their oxidation and wear resistant that could be used in severe environmental conditions. There are mainly two elementary technologies including ion implantation and/or thin film coating. Ion implantation method was performed for surface modification. As a result, it was found that some ion implantations methods such as Nb, high-temperature Nb ion implantation and Nb+C combined implantation are somewhat effective for improving the oxidation resistance of TiAl alloy. Furthermore, the fluorine PBII treatment is more effective for improving the oxidation resistance of the TiAl alloy with three-dimensional shapes. The implantation of boron ion into thin film of TiN was also effective for improving the properties of materials like high temperature wear resistance. TiCrN film was applied to the actual seal ring for steam turbines, and it was observed that its sliding property showed a successfully good performance.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.178-178
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• 2016

Every display is equipped with a cover glass to protect the underneath displaying devices from mechanical and environmental impact during its use. The strengthened glass such as Gorilla glass.$^{TM}$ has been exclusively adopted as a cover glass in many displays. Conventionally, the strengthened glass has been manufactured via ion-exchange process in wet salt bath at high temperature of around $500^{\circ}C$ for hours of treatment time. During ion-exchange process, Na ions with smaller diameter are substituted with larger-diameter K ions, resulting in high compressive stress in near-surface region and making the treated glass very resistant to scratch or impact during its use. In this study, PIIID (plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition) technique was used to implant metal ions into the glass surface for strengthening. In addition, due to the plasmonic effect of the implanted metal ions, the metal-ion implanted glass samples got colored. To implant metal ions, plasma immersion ion implantation technique combined with HiPIMS method was adopted. The HiPIMS pulse voltage of up to 1.4 kV was applied to the 3" magnetron sputtering targets (Cu, Ag, Au, Al). At the same time, the sample stage with glass samples was synchronously pulse-biased via -50 kV high voltage pulse modulator. The frequency and pulse width of 100 Hz and 15 usec, respectively, were used during metal ion implantation. In addition, nitrogen ions were implanted to study the strengthening effect of gas ion implantation. The mechanical and optical properties of implanted glass samples were investigated using micro-hardness tester and UV-Vis spectrometer. The implanted ion distribution and the chemical states along depth was studied with XPS (X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy). A cross-sectional TEM study was also conducted to investigate the nature of implanted metal ions. The ion-implanted glass samples showed increased hardness of ~1.5 times at short implantation times. However, with increasing the implantation time, the surface hardness was decreased due to the accumulation of implantation damage.

• Journal of Information Display
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2007

We have developed a CMOS LTPS process which requires only five photolithographic masks and only one ion doping step. Drain/Source areas of NMOS TFTs were formed by PECVD deposition of a highly doped precursor layer while PMOS contact areas were defined by ion implantation. Single TFTs, inverters, ring oscillators and shift registers were fabricated. N and p-channel devices reached field effect mobilities of $173cm^2$/Vs and $47cm^2$/Vs, respectively.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.3-9
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• 2008

The ion implantation technology is generally used in order to improve surface mechanical properties, especially tribological properties, of engineering metals. In this study, experimental works were carried out to investigate the surface properties, such as hardness, wear quantity, wear rate and friction force, of a nitrogen ion implanted tool steel STD11 under dry condition. Specimens for the wear test were made to investigate the influences of the initial ion implantation temperature and the total ion radiation. Wear properties, such as the wear quantity and the wear rate, of the nitrogen ion implanted tool steel were considerably improved, especially under the low sliding speed and the low applied load.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2012년도 제43회 하계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.151-151
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• 2012

A new plasma process, i.e., the combination of PIII&D and HIPIMS, was developed to implant non-gaseous ions into materials surface. HIPIMS is a special mode of operation of pulsed-DC magnetron sputtering, in which high pulsed DC power exceeding ~1 kW/$cm^2$ of its peak power density is applied to the magnetron sputtering target while the average power density remains manageable to the cooling capacity of the equipment by using a very small duty ratio of operation. Due to the high peak power density applied to the sputtering target, a large fraction of sputtered atoms is ionized. If the negative high voltage pulse applied to the sample stage in PIII&D system is synchronized with the pulsed plasma of sputtered target material by HIPIMS operation, the implantation of non-gaseous ions can be successfully accomplished. The new process has great advantage that thin film deposition and non-gaseous ion implantation along with in-situ film modification can be achieved in a single plasma chamber. Even broader application areas of PIII&D technology are believed to be envisaged by this newly developed process. In one application of non-gaseous plasma immersion ion implantation, Ge ions were implanted into SiO2 thin film at 60 keV to form Ge quantum dots embedded in SiO2 dielectric material. The crystalline Ge quantum dots were shown to be 5~10 nm in size and well dispersed in SiO2 matrix. In another application, Ag ions were implanted into SS-304 substrate to endow the anti-microbial property of the surface. Yet another bio-application was Mg ion implantation into Ti to improve its osteointegration property for bone implants. Catalyst is another promising application field of nongaseous plasma immersion ion implantation because ion implantation results in atomically dispersed catalytic agents with high surface to volume ratio. Pt ions were implanted into the surface of Al2O3 catalytic supporter and its H2 generation property was measured for DME reforming catalyst. In this talk, a newly developed, non-gaseous plasma immersion ion implantation technique and its applications would be shown and discussed.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.124-130
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• 2005

The research on surface modification technology has been advanced to improve the properties of engineering materials. ion implantation is a novel surface modification technology to enhance the mechanical, chemical and electrical properties of substrate's surface using accelerated ions. In this research, nitrogen ions were implanted into aluminum substrates which would be used for mold of rubber materials. The composition of nitrogen ion implanted aluminum alloy and nitrogen ion distribution profile were analyzed by Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES). To analyze the modified surface, properties such as hardness, friction coefficient, wear resistance, contact angle, and surface roughness were measured. Hardness of ion implanted specimens was higher than that of untreated specimens. Friction coefficient was reduced, and wear resistance was improved. From the experimental results, it can be expected that ion implantation of nitrogen enhances the surface properties of aluminum mold.