• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.107-118
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• 1993

Continuous increasing of impervious area due to urbanization and rainfall quantity due to environmental changes aggravate flooding risk in low land area. Therefore. Seoul municipal authorities go on securing an ample budget for reinforcement and establishment of inner water and inland drainage pumping facilities. But. there is no investment for developing optimal operation rules for appropriate application of existing facilities. In this study. fuzzy control techniques are developed. and applied to 57 stations of inner water and inland drainage pump for model assessment. In these results. fuzzy models have more efficiency in the inland flooding protection than the existing pump operation rule by water level in the same conditions.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.51-60
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• 2020

The paper examines the characteristics and causes of the expectation gap of audit and assurance services. The paper has conducted three surveys with three target groups. In the first survey, participants are auditors, users of audit reports are subject in the second survey and in the third survey, and students major in auditing are selected. The content of the survey aims to find out the differences in perception of the survey participants on two issues: (i) responsibilities of auditors for detection frauds, errors, protection of the enterprise's assets and financial scandals, and (ii) the role of audit and auditors in making investment decisions and investor's belief. The research carried out survey from March to September 2019 with 165 responds. The collected data was processed by statistical software SPSS, version 23, and Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze the results of the audit expectation gap between the auditor group and the users of audit report group and between the student group and users of audit report group. The results showed that there exists an expectation gap in the responsibility of auditors for detection of all frauds, errors and protection enterprise's assets. Recommendations include strengthening audit standards, penalizing bad practices and ensuring auditor's independence.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.339-345
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• 2000

Heilongjiang Province has set up 104 nature reserves, with a total area of 2,641,700 ha, or 5.88% of the total area of the province. These constitute a network of nature reserves comprising most important types of nature reserves. and play an active role for improving the protection of the ecological environment and for the continuous economic and social development of the province. But in the management of these nature reserves, there are still some problems with people's idea, with educating the public, and with capital investment. These problems should be treated seriously. To preserve our natural heritage and biodiversity and to promote the sustainable development of our society and economy, it is projected that by the year 2000. the number of nature reserves in Heilongjiang is to reach 109, covering 6.17% of the total land area of the province. This percentage will be further increased to 8.62% by 2010, at which time the network of nature reserves is to have a proper distribution and comprehend all the important types of nature reserves. This will ensure the healthy development of the cause of nature conservation. with systematic planning, active protection. and sustainable use, so that ecological and social benefits can be developed hand in hand with economic benefits.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.151-174
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• 2018

This study investigates the issues in relation to the introduction of the fund-based Korean occupational pension, examining the development plans in the members' perspective. The strong drive from Korean government to introduce the fund-based governance seems to be a sort of strategy to expand coverage in occupational pension. It is not logical that the introduction of the fund-based scheme is likely to cause increase in earning rate and, what is more important is to set the conditions to implement the active investment decision. Also, because the introduction of the fund-based scheme may increase possibility of insolvency, it is necessary to strengthen beneficiary protection or funding rule but, in the short term, it is better to focus on funding rule rather than protection scheme. The introduction of the fund-based scheme suggests the direction that members can actively participate in occupational pension, which means that it is possible to operate occupational pension in the direction of intent of the system.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.47-54
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• 2019

The technical standard is an important factor in the national economy, and its importance is gaining more attention due to the emergence of the convergence industry. This is an essential element for implementing fusion technology because it ensures interoperability. Since standardization activities are essential for the growth of domestic SMEs, this study aims to diagnose the status of standardization activities of SMEs and to suggest policy directions accordingly. And we sought to clarify the status of the standardization activities of domestic SMEs and to draw some implications for the domestic promotion plan by examining the major promotion policies for overseas standardization successfully. As a result, it was found that the investment cost for the standard activities is burdensome, the professional manpower is needed, and the participation of SMEs is low due to the complexity of the standard technology. In addition, standardization activities have weaknesses in terms of technology protection, and SMEs tend to avoid technology disclosure. Therefore, in order to solve the difficulties of standardization of companies, it is necessary to establish cooperation system of supporting organizations. In order to promote standardization activities, it is necessary to establish legal basis necessary for technology protection.

• Journal of Platform Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.67-76
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• 2024

Small and medium-sized enterprises play a fundamental role in the foundation of our country's industry and economy, and most technological innovations occur in small and medium-sized enterprises rather than large corporations. Technology development and innovation are the only way for small and medium-sized enterprises to survive in a fiercely competitive environment, so they focus on it, but interest and investment in technology protection tend to be stingy. As a result, industrial technology leakage accidents occur frequently, and it is difficult to meet improvement measures. When a leak occurs, digital evidence is required to prove criminal activity, but problems such as digital evidence being damaged or deleted due to management loopholes often occur. Therefore, through this study, we aim to design a digital evidence-based countermeasure depending on the type of technology leak accident. We will classify the types of technology leak incidents that actually occurred and study ways to secure digital evidence in the security environment of small and medium-sized businesses that operate internal information leak prevention solutions.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.120-125
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• 2015

Passengers and Airlines wish neither delay nor cancellation due to aircraft defects. However, about 1 delay or cancellation case occurs out of 100 departures worldwide whereas 1 quarter case does in Korean domestic industry. Independent LCC carriers in Korea have almost double case. Most cases are recovered by replacing aircraft components. Airlines have prepared the spare components based on the reliability data by manufacturers to rectify defects or perform preventive maintenances. The total value for initial spares including engine is 40% of the aircraft price when they operate less than 5 aircraft. The more airlines operate the aircraft, the less the ratio of the investment for spares reflecting the economy of scale. This study intends to suggest how to improve the efficiencies as well as the safety of LCC throughout parts pooling including engines.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.669-672
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• 2000

This paper presents the methodology which analyze the effect of harmonics in power system. Considering the effect of less-harmonics, economic life and system loss, we have made the comprehensive countermeasure. According to the results of studying harmonics diagnosis and countermeasure, the following problems are pinpointed: protection of power system double investment space of the field. Therefore, in the initial stage, the countermeasure of harmonics trouble are set up. h a results, the following work has been done: $\circled1$ Generation source of harmonics and it's effect into en power system $\circled2$ Review of law related to harmonics, $\circled3$ Countermeasures to reduce the harmonics

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.401-418
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• 2017

Purpose: Since the cost of feed for Korean pig farmers has been increasing, attracting crowdfunding for the swine industry become important. This paper applies the AHP decision-making method to build a model for the sustainable growth of crowdfunding in the swine industry. Design/methodology/approch: The result from the analysis of data collected from this research shows that both investors and borrows groups consider tangible assets to be most important for crowdfunding in the swine industry. Findings: Thus protection of investors should be resolved first by providing collateral rather than insisting on the conventional crowdfunding method that stresses the credit aspects only. The investors and borrows groups also judged the loan amount very important, suggesting that the smooth and sufficient investment should be secured for borrows group.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.183-197
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• 2014

1. This study focuses on recent developments of trade transaction between Korea and China. The volume of trade is most rapidly increasing. There have been many items considered to ensure the proper, impartial, and rapid settlement of disputes in private laws by international arbitration. The article contains recent tendencies and proceedings of cases including place of arbitration, language, and so on. 2. The contract made between parties has led to some interpretational, legal questions. Interpretational questions rise mainly from differences of legal systems and legal questions on applying law. The characteristic features of the contract have different meanings, so some articles of the contract can be construed unlawful as a result. 3. As regards the Arbitration Act of Korea, Article 10, the Arbitration Agreement and Interim Measures by Court stipulate the following: A party to an arbitration agreement may request from a court art interim a measure of protection before or during arbitral proceedings. This article examines the application of Article 10 of the Arbitration Act of Korea.