• 아동학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.191-204
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the structural relationships among duration of media use, behavior problems, and school adjustment, while accounting for gender differences. Methods: The study used 4th-wave panel data from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Study, and 2,119 first graders in elementary school were analyzed. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling. Results: The results can be summarized as follows. First, the duration of media use had a direct effect on school adjustment. Secondly, the duration of media use had an indirect effect on school adjustment through internalizing and externalizing problems. According to multigroup analysis, gender differences were found in the structural relations among variables. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the needs for media usage education to improve children's school adjustment. Furthermore, it suggests that different intervention strategies for internalizing/externalizing behavior problems are needed depending on gender.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.59-76
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the structural relationship and influence of parents' family interaction, parenting efficacy, and child internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors. Methods: 1,418 children and their parents, and survey data from a panel study on Korean children (2014), were used to analyze the structural equation model. Results: First, the mother's family interaction had direct influence on their parenting efficacy, as well as their child's internalization and externalization. Second, the father's family interaction had a direct influence only on the internal problem behaviors of the child, and child external problem behaviors were influenced through the father's parenting efficacy. Third, parenting efficacy mediated the effects of family interaction on the problem behavior of children. Especially, the father's family interaction was found to affect child variables through the mother's parenting efficacy. Finally, the internalizing problem behaviors of the child mediated the effects of the parents' family interaction and parenting efficacy on child externalizing problem behaviors. Conclusion/Implications: The results of this study are significant in that the factors of father, mother, and child are interrelated, and that parent interaction has varying influence on the problems of their children.

• 아동학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.117-128
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• 2016

Objective: This study examined the relationships among preschoolers' temperament, intelligence, and problem behaviors. Intelligence was individually measured by the newly standardized K-WPPSI-IV (2015). Methods: The participants were 113 children (4-6 years old), their mothers and teachers. The following instruments were administered: EAS, K-WPPSI-IV, K-CBCL. Descriptive and correlational analyses were performed using SPSS 18.0. Results and Conclusion: The major results were as follows. First, sociability of temperament was negatively correlated with depression, withdrawal, and internalizing problem behavior. Second, activity and sociability of temperament were positively correlated with the most of the K-WPPSI-IV major indices (VCI, VSI, FRI, PSI, FSIQ, NVI, GAI, CPI). Third, depression, withdrawal, and internalizing problem behavior were negatively correlated with NVI and CPI indices of the K-WPPSI-IV. Attention problem and externalizing problem behavior were negatively correlated with FRI, WMI, FSIQ, NVI, GAI, and CPI indices of K-WPPSI-IV.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2010

Objectives ： The purpose of this study was to evaluate gender differences with respect to the internalization or externalization of symptoms according to the amount of time spent engaged in extracurricular education. Methods ： The study included a community sample of 755 boys and girls (mean age, 6.6 years), collected from five elementary schools in Gunpo, South Korea. Primary caregivers completed a questionnaire which included information on demographics, the amounts of time children spent in extracurricular education and with other activities, and an adapted form of the Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC-2). Gender differences regarding externalizing and internalizing behavior problems were examined according to extracurricular education. Results ： With respect to the boys, there was a difference in the frequency of those who had externalizing behavior problems according to their time spent in extracurricular education. In contrast, the girls exhibited no difference. With respect to those children who spent a lot of time engaged in extracurricular education, there was a gender-specific difference only with respect to externalizing behavior problems. Conclusion ： A gender-specific difference exists only in terms of externalizing behavior problems according to time spent engaged in extracurricular education.

• 아동학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.223-238
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• 2008

The purpose of this research was to study the effects of children's temperament, social competence, emotional intelligence, morality and parent's child rearing attitudes on young children's internalizing and externalizing problem behavior. Subjects were l34 five-year-old children attending day-care centers and kindergartens in Seoul, Korea. Analysis of the relationships among these variables was by correlation and stepwise multiple regressions. There were statistically significant correlations among the variables of temperament, social competence and parents' child rearing attitudes and young children's behavior problems. Variables influencing young children's internalizing behavior problems were children's temperament and parents' child-rearing attitudes; variables influencing children's externalizing behavior problems were children's temperament, their social competence, and parents' child-rearing attitudes.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.283-310
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• 2015

본 연구의 목적은 보육경험과 어머니의 양육행동이 유아의 문제행동에 미치는 주효과와 상호작용 효과를 살펴보는 것이다. 만 3-5세 유아 248명(남아: 112명, 여아: 136명)과 그들의 어머니가 본 연구에 참여하였으며, 어머니들은 보육경험(보육 시작 시기, 1일 평균 보육시간, 주당 평균 보육일, 보육기관 변경횟수), 양육행동, 유아의 문제행동에 관한 문항들이 포함된 질문지에 응답하였다. 본 연구의 주요결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 보육경험 중 보육기관 변경횟수가 잦을수록 유아는 공격성을 더 보였다. 둘째, 어머니의 양육행동 중 논리적 설명, 강압, 방임이 유아의 문제행동에 영향을 미쳤다. 마지막으로 보육경험과 어머니의 양육행동은 상호작용하여 유아의 문제행동에 영향을 미쳤다. 이러한 결과는 보육경험이 모든 유아에게 동일한 영향을 미치는 것이 아니며, 어머니의 양육행동에 따라 보육경험의 영향에 차이가 있을 수 있음을 제안한다.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.257-270
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• 2010

This study investigated preschoolers' happiness, behavior problems, and interpersonal problem solving strategies according to their sex and age, and the relationships among them. The subjects were 185 preschoolers (97 boys and 88 girls; 83 four-year-olds and 102 five-year-olds). Results showed that boys were higher in behavior problems (aggression) and forceful problem solving strategies than girls, while girls were higher in happiness (characteristics of self) than boys. Also, 4-year-old children were higher in forceful problem solving strategies than 5-year-olds. Children's happiness was negatively related to their internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Behavior problems and interpersonal problem solving strategies of children were influenced by their happiness. These findings provide preliminary evidence that children's happiness may predict their behavior problems and interpersonal problem solving strategies.

• 아동학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.49-61
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• 2001

This study explored concurrent and prospective relationships of the coping strategies of 4th and 6th grade children in peer conflict focusing on bullying, victim, and prosocial behavior. Instruments were the Self-Report Coping Scale and the Peer Relations Questionnaire. Concurrent results of Study I showed children using more avoidance and fewer approach strategies were more likely to bullies or victims; and children using fewer avoidance and more approach coping strategies were more likely to be prosocial children. Externalizing best explained bullies and victims; seeking social support best explained prosocial children. Prospective results of Study II showed children using more externalizing and fewer problem solving were more likely to be bullies; and children employing internalizing and externalizing were more likely to be victims; and children using more seeking social support were more likely to be prosocial children. It was also found that externalizing at Time I best predicted bullies, internalizing best predicted victims, and seeking social support best predicted prosocial children.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.61-72
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• 2017

Objectives: The Yin-Yang temperament and the Sasang Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) were reported to have relations with psychopathological problems in adolescents. The purpose of this study was to examine how domains of Yin-Yang temperament influence on problem behaviors in Korean middle school students. Methods: Subjects of 681 Korean middle school students completed the SPQ for measuring Yin-Yang temperament and the Youth Self-Report (YSR) for measuring problem behaviors. The differences of problem behaviors between Yin and Yang temperament groups were tested with T-test and profile analysis. The associations of the SPQ subscales on problem behaviors was also examined with Pearson's correlation and regression analysis. Results: Yang temperament was related to the externalizing problem while Yin temperament to the internalizing problem. The Emotionality and Behavior dimension of Yin-Yang temperament were found to be a factor of susceptibility and resilience for problem behaviors, respectively. Three dimensions of Yin-Yang temperament have different influences on externalizing and internalizing problems depending on the sex and Yin-Yang temperament groups of subjects. Conclusions: The Yin-Yang temperament would be useful for predicting and preventing the problem behaviors of middle school students. This study would be useful for screening the psychopathological problems and helping Korean adolescents to develop healthy character.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.396-404
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of group art therapy on the withdrawn behavior, social behavior, social problems, anxiousness/depression, internalizing problems, total behavior problems and self-esteem in children who are withdrawn. Method: A randomized controlled pre-post test design was used. The participants were 31 children who were withdrawn attending J. P. Elementary School in Pohang City. Sixteen were assigned to the experimental group and 15 to the control group. The program consisted of 20 sessions of 80 minutes per session, 2 days a week, for 10 weeks. Instruments used for this study were the Children's Behavior Check List -Korean version (K-CBCL) and a self-esteem inventory. The data were analyzed using fisher exact test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Thescores for withdrawn behavior, social problems, anxiousness/depression, internalizing problems and total behavior problems decreased significantly in the experimental group as compare to the control group. Social behavior and self-esteem increased significantly in the experimental group as compared to the control group. Conclusions: This study provides evidence for the pontential and beneficial effects of group art therapy in children who are withdrawn. The program could be adequately used to improve problem behavior in withdrawn children.