• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.128-133
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• 2008

As societal development improves the quality of life and changes the structure of society, the needs of the residents have been varied. As a result, the spaces in Korean houses have also been varied. This phenomenon can be found in both external and internal spaces; a transitional space, which connects the outside space and the inside space, is formed as transition occurs at each phase of movement. As the importance of external and internal spaces is emphasized, and as internal spaces are extended to the exterior, various forms of transitional space are needed. In this study, the boundary types of internal/external spaces are analyzed through transitional spaces that are formed in relation with internal and external spaces. Based on the analysis, transitional spaces in modem Korean houses are classified into the addition type, the cutting type, and the connection type. The results of the study show that transitional spaces in detached houses tend to be placed closely to rooms and a public space, and in terms of material use, the externalization of internal spaces is occurring.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.46-56
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• 2010

This study proposes a monitoring system by cooperating the image information and the sensor information in a sensor network system. The monitoring system proposed in this study is divided into internal spaces, such as offices and laboratories, and external spaces including other various spaces. In the internal spaces, motions in objects are detected through cameras while some peripherals like lights are controlled by analyzing some temperature, humidity, and illuminance data detected by sensor nodes. In the external spaces, it is to watch certain intruders to the internal spaces through the interested region for exceptional time by installing cameras, motion detectors, and body detectors in such interested regions. In the results of the test that was applied to a practically limited environment by implementing some interfaces for the proposed system, it was considered that it is possible to watch surroundings effectively using the image information obtained from cameras and sensor information acquisited from sensor nodes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.321-325
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• 2004

Electrical facilities of entertainment spaces become more complicate and bigger due to growing industry and economy. Therefore using only Technical standards for Electrical facilities of internal standard, we have some difficulty for management and installation of electrical facilities of entertainment spaces. So this paper gives a information which is applied to install the electrical facilities of entertainment space by analysing and comparing of internal and external standard.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 1998

This study has been designed to explore how the types of housing life-style relate to the preferences of internal and external spaces among multi-family housing residents. Data were collected by questionnaire self-administered to 278 female residents living in multi-family housing over 20s pyong (66$m^2$) in the Kwangju area. General linear model/Duncan-test, and $x^2$-test were used in analyzing the data. In the preferences of internal space, there were significant differences in the needs of an indoor garden, exercise spaces, and a front balcony and in the concept of the living room and the dining-kitchen by types of housing life-style. In the preferences of external spaces, there were significant difference in the preferred type of housing, the preferred residential area, and in the need of an individual storage space and a walking path by types of housing life-style.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.347-354
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• 2009

The stone pagodas include small internal spaces such as holes of Buddha's bones generally and the space's positions and sizes can make an influence on the maintenance of the stone pagoda. Also, inclined angles of the stone pagodas are an important factor to be considered to preserve them. In this paper, the Junghyesaji thirteen-storied stone pagoda subjected to its weight was analyzed through the finite element method to investigate the weakest location of the pagoda and study how size variation of internal spaces and slope variation influenced the weakest location. And criterions were proposed to examine the safety of the stone pagoda along the size variation of the internal spaces and the slope variation in view of the deflections and the stresses to examine fractures of the pagoda.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 1993

In this paper, we obtain the internal function space structure in the category of the fibrewise convergence spaces by means of the final structure. Moreover, we investigate cartesian closedness of the category of fibrewise convergence spaces which contains the category of fibrewise topological spaces as a full subcategory.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.13-20
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• 2024

I investigated the relationship between social support, environmental factors, and color design within the public spaces of healthcare facilities. Through a comprehensive literature review and case studies from major hospitals in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Scotland, I explored how these elements contribute to public spaces' overall concept and function. The study emphasizes the need to establish a clear relationship between the social functions of these spaces and their physical and environmental characteristics. By examining theoretical frameworks and observed examples, I analyzed the impact of color design and the integration of internal and external spaces. The findings highlight that well-designed spaces, especially those utilizing effective color schemes and connecting indoor and outdoor areas, enhance user satisfaction and support healing processes. The results underscore the importance of communal spaces in healthcare facilities for psychological and social healing. I conclude that these spaces should be intentionally designed to foster social interactions among patients and visitors by improving pedestrian accessibility and incorporating social support structures.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.59-73
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• 2002

Using the concept of fuzzy spaces, which was introduced by Dib. The fuzzy external and internal product of fuzzy subgroups are defined. Further it is obtained the relation between the introduced concept and the direct product of fuzzy subgroups on fuzzy subsets.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.425-433
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• 2009

In this paper, we give the internal characterizations of compact-covering s-(resp., ${\pi}$-)images of locally separable metric spaces. As applications of these results, we obtain characterizations of compact-covering quotient s-(resp., ${\pi}$-)images of locally separable metric spaces.

• The Magazine of the Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.36-47
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• 1984

Internal heat given off by human beings, lightings and domestic appliances is an Important factor which must be taken Into account estimate of building heating loads. This study outlines the procedures for determining the internal heat from these source and calculates the amount of internal heat added to an heat Ing spaces. This investigation shows that a family of four has a typical hourly internal heat production which averages approximately 460 Kilo- calories an hour in our country.