• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.52-59
• /
• 2023

팬 아웃 웨이퍼 레벨 패키지의 Cu 재배선층 적용을 위해 Ti 확산방지층과 폴리벤즈옥사졸(polybenzoxazole, PBO) 절연층 사이의 계면 신뢰성을 평가하였다. PBO 경화 온도 및 고온/고습 시간에 따라 4점 굽힘 시험으로 정량적인 계면접착에너지를 평가하였고, 박리계면을 분석하였다. 175, 200, 및 225℃의 세 가지 PBO 경화 온도에 따른 계면접착에너지는 각각 16.63, 25.95, 16.58 J/m² 로 200℃의 경화 온도에서 가장 높은 값을 보였다. 박리표면에 대한 X-선 광전자 분광분석 결과, 200℃에서 PBO 표면의 C-O 결합의 분율이 가장 높으므로, M-O-C 결합이 Ti/PBO 계면접착 기구와 연관성이 높은 것으로 판단된다. 200℃에서 경화된 시편을 85℃/85% 상대 습도에서 500시간 동안 고온/고습 처리 하는 동안 계면접착에너지는 3 .99 J/m²까지 크게 감소하였다. 이는 고온/고습 처리동안 Ti/PBO 계면으로의 지속적인 수분 침투로 인해 계면 근처 PBO의 화학결합이 약해져서 weak boundary layer를 형성하기 때문으로 판단된다.

• Advances in concrete construction
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.43-54
• /
• 2020

This paper presents an innovative stress-function variational approach in formulating the interfacial shear and normal stresses in an externally bonded concrete joint using carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) plies. The joint is subjected to surface traction loadings applied at both ends of the concrete substrate layer. By introducing two interfacial shear and normal stress functions on the CFRP-concrete interface, based on Euler-Bernoulli beam idea and static stress equations of equilibrium, the entire stress fields of the joint were determined. The complementary strain energy was minimized in order to solve the governing equation of the joint. This yields an ordinary differential equation from which the interfacial normal and shear stresses were proposed explicitly, satisfying all the multiple traction boundary conditions. Lamination theory for composite materials was also employed to obtain the interfacial stresses. The proposed approach was validated by the analytic models in the literature as well as through a comprehensive computational code generated by the authors. Furthermore, a numerical verification was carried out via the finite element software ABAQUS. In the end, a scaling analysis was conducted to analyze the interfacial stress field dependence of the joint upon effective issues using the devised code.

• 산업기술연구
• /
• 제24권A호
• /
• pp.179-184
• /
• 2004

Each year, new technological advancements for repair-purpose are being introduced to overlay the old deterioration of RC bridge deck at highway by latex-modified concrete. The days may come when this old problem will be successfully resolved. While the experimental works and researches are very active at both laboratory and field, only a few theoretical studies were performed on interfacial problems, especially on stress distribution and concentration of RC beam overlayed by latex-modified concrete. The repaired and strengthened structures would induce a premature failure due to the stress concentration at the adhesive layer of different material before the design expected failure. This paper investigated and proposed an analytical model for predicting interfacial shear and normal stresses of RC beam repair-purpose overlayed by latex-modified concrete. This would be used for predicting interfacial stresses and preventing premature failure at interfaces. This study modified Smith-Teng method for applying to cementitious repairing material, which was based on a direct governing equation and linear-elastic approach for interfacial normal and shear stresses. The proposed theoretical model was verified using commercial FEA program, LUSAS, in terms of interfacial stresses predicted by the proposed model and calculated by LUSAS.

• 한국주조공학회지
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.371-378
• /
• 1997

The study for direct synthesis of TaC carbide which was a reaction product of tantalum and carbon in the cast iron was performed. Cast iron which has hypo-eutectic composition was cast bonded in the metal mold with tantalum thin sheet of thickness of $100{\mu}m$. The contents of carbon and silicon of cast iron matrix was controlled to have constant carbon equivalent of 3.6. The chracteristics of microstructure and the formation mechanism of TaC carbide in the interfacial reaction layer in the cast iron/tantalum thin sheet heat treated isothermally at $950^{\circ}C$ for various time were examined. TaC carbide reaction layer was grown to the dendritic morphology in the cast iron/tantalum thin sheet interface by the isothermal heat treatment. The composition of TaC carbide was 48.5 at.% $Ti{\sim}48.6$ at.% C-2.8 at.% Fe. The hardness of reaction layer was MHV $1100{\sim}1200$. The thickness of reaction layer linearly increased with increasing the total content of carbon in the cast iron matrix and isothermal heat treating time. The growth constant for TaC reaction layer was proportional to the log[C] of the matrix. The formation mechanism of TaC reaction layer at the interface of cast iron/tantalum thin sheet was proved to be the interfacial reaction.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전기전자재료학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.422-423
• /
• 2007

In this work, Organic Light Emitting Diodes using LiF as a electron-injecting interfacial have been fabricated for efficiency enhancements. This interfacial layer is interposed between Al/$Alq_3$ layer. The brightness and specific character as current density are higher than those of the device without it. To find best thickness of LiF layer, we used some samples with various thickness. The LiF interposition at the Al/$Alq_3$ interface encouraged the electrons injection and balances the injection numbers of hole and electron in the emission layer.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.315-329
• /
• 2003

As shear occurs along a soil-structure interface, a localized zone with a thickness of several grain diameters will develop in soil along the interface, forming an interfacial layer. In this paper, the behaviour of a soil-structure interface is studied numerically by modelling the plane shear of a granular layer bounded by rigid plates. The mechanical behaviour of the granular material is described with a micro-polar hypoplastic continuum model. Numerical results are presented to show the development of shear localization along the interface for shearing under conditions of constant normal pressure and constant volume, respectively. Evolution of the resistance on the surface of the bounding plate is considered with respect to the influences of grain rotation.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한용접접합학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the International Welding/Joining Conference-Korea
• /
• pp.469-474
• /
• 2002

Laser and hot air reflow soldering of PBGA solder ball was investigated. Experimental results showed that surface quality and shear strength of solder bumps reflowed by laser was superior than the solder bumps reflowed by hot air, and the microstructure inside the solder bumps reflowed by laser was much finer. Analysis on interfacial reaction showed that eutectic solder reacted with Au/Ni/Cu pad shortly after the solder was melted. Interface of solder bump reflowed by laser consists of a continuous AuSn$_4$ layer and remnant Au element. Needle-like AuSn$_4$ grew sidewise from interface, and then spread out to the entire interface region. A thin layer of Ni$_3$Sn$_4$ intermetallic compound was found at the interface of solder bump reflowed by hot air, AuSn$_4$ particles distributed inside the whole solder bump randomly. It is the combination effect of the continuous AuSn$_4$ layer and finer eutectic microstructure inside the solder bump reflowed by laser that resulted in higher shear strength.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제22권7호
• /
• pp.899-904
• /
• 1998

Surface motion of a magnetic fluid is studied by a linear stability analysis. When a thin horizontal magnetic-fluid layer is placed on a nonmagnetic substrate, with a vertical magnetic field applied, the surface of the ferrofluid layer can be severely corrugated, due to the normal-field instability. Based on conservation laws, it is shown that the normal-field instability of thin ferrofluid layers is a long-wave instability and that it is analogous to the interfacial mode of the thermocapillary instability in a thin horizontal layer heated from below.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.62-70
• /
• 1996

Al or Al-alloy have been known to be able to be claded on various materials by using explosive welding process, however, the intermetallic layer frequently formed along the interface have made this process very complicated. In this study, it was focussed to select the process variables, which can get rid of interfacial layer in the Al-claded steel plate. As a result, it was demonstrated that there was a certain range of explosive thickness which did not form the intermetallic phase as well as the non-bonded area. On the other hand, ultasonic tests performed for identifying the presence of interfacial layer nondestructively showed that it could be applied for the intended purpose but its result was weakly related with the microstructural quality of interface.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제42권9호
• /
• pp.637-644
• /
• 2005

In order to find a proper buffering material which can prohibit an unwanted interfacial reaction between anode and electrolyte of LSGM-based SOFC, we examined a gadolinium doped ceria and scandium doped zirconia as a candidate. For this examination, we investigated the microstructural and phase stability of the interface under different buffering layer conditions. According to the investigation, ceria based material induced a serious La diffusion out of the LSGM electrolyte resulted in the formation of very resistive $LaSrGa_3O_7$ phase at the interface. On the other hand zirconia based material was directly reacted with LSGM electrolyte and thus produced very resistive reaction products such as $La_2Zr_2O_7,\;Sr_2ZrO_4,\;LaSrGaO_4\;and\;LaSrGa_3O_7$. From this study we found that an improper buffering material induced the higher internal cell resistance rather than an interfacial stability.