• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.173-193
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• 2010

The World Wide Web is transitioning from being a mere collection of documents that contain useful information toward providing a collection of services that perform useful tasks. The emerging Web service technology has been envisioned as the next technological wave and is expected to play an important role in this recent transformation of the Web. By providing interoperable interface standards for application-to-application communication, Web services can be combined with component-based software development to promote application interaction and integration within and across enterprises. To make Web services for service-oriented computing operational, it is important that Web services repositories not only be well-structured but also provide efficient tools for an environment supporting reusable software components for both service providers and consumers. As the potential of Web services for service-oriented computing is becoming widely recognized, the demand for an integrated framework that facilitates service discovery and publishing is concomitantly growing. In our research, we propose a framework that facilitates Web service discovery and publishing by combining clustering techniques and leveraging the semantics of the XML-based service specification in WSDL files. We believe that this is one of the first attempts at applying unsupervised artificial neural network-based machine-learning techniques in the Web service domain. We have developed a Web service discovery tool based on the proposed approach using an unsupervised artificial neural network and empirically evaluated the proposed approach and tool using real Web service descriptions drawn from operational Web services repositories. We believe that both service providers and consumers in a service-oriented computing environment can benefit from our Web service discovery approach.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.291-307
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• 2001

In today's environmental engineering practice, many technologies such as GIS have been adopted to analyze chemical and biological process in water bodies and pollutants movements on the land surface. However, the linkage between spatially represented land surface pollutants and the in-stream processes has been relatively weak. This lack of continuity needs to develop a method in order to link the spatially-based pollutant source characterization with the water quality modeling. The objective of this thesis was to develop a two-way(forward and backward) link between ArcView GIS software and the USEPA water quality model, WASP5. This thesis includes a literature review, the determination of the point source and non-point source loadings from WASP5 modeling, and the linkage of a GIS with WASP5 model. The GIS and model linkage includes pre-processing of the input data within a GIS to provide necessary information for running a model in the forms of external input files. The model results has been post-processed and stored in the GIS database to be reviewed in a user defined form such as a chart, or a table. The interface developed from this study would provide efficient environment to support the easier decision making form water quality management.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.69-73
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• 2010

Finite-element analyses were conducted to investigate the thermal stress in 3-dimensional stacked wafers package containing through-silicon-via (TSV), which is being widely used for 3-Dimensional integration. With finite element method (FEM), thermal stress was analyzed with the variation of TSV diameter, bonding diameter, pitch and TSV height. It was revealed that the maximum von Mises stresses occurred at the edge of top interface between Cu TSV and Si and the Si to Si bonding site. As TSV diameter increased, the von Mises stress at the edge of TSV increased. As bonding diameter increased, the von Mises stress at Si to Si bonding site increased. As pitch increased, the von Mises stress at Si to Si bonding site increased. The TSV height did not affect the von Mises stress. Therefore, it is expected that smaller Cu TSV diameter and pitch will ensure mechanical reliability because of the smaller chance of plastic deformation and crack initiation.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1996 no.11
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• pp.129-134
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• 1996

1차 년도 G-7 개발 과제로 수행된 자기 공명 진단 장치 (Magnetic Resonance Imaging System)의 개발 내용을 간략히 소개하였다. 성공적인 IT Compact 자기 공명 진단 장치의 완성을 위해 일차적으로 (1)RF (고주파), Gradient(경사 자계), Spectrometer 등의 Hard-ware 관련 MRI 핵심부분, (2) RF, Gradient, Spectrometer, Magnet 등의 각 Sub-system을 연결, 조합, 조정하여 하나의 체계적인 시스템으로 통합하고 운영하는 과정(System Integration), (3)사용자와 시스템을 연결하는 User Interface, Data Base Management, Real time 운영 SW 등과 (4)임상에 적용하여 구체적인 성능과 효용성을 확인하는 기술 등에 대하여 집중 연구하였다. 개발 방법은 (1)지난 16년간 국내에 축적 된 연구 개발 인력들을 최대한 활용하고 (2)연구 개발을 국제화 시켜 필요한 경우 부분별로 개발 인력을 해외에서 보완하고 (3)소수 정예 전문 인력 주의와 요소 기술 또는 중요 부품을 경쟁성 검토 후 필요 시 Out-sourcing 활용으로 최저의 비용으로 개발 기간을 최소화 하는 데 두었다. 개발된 1.0Tesla자기 공명 영상 장치는 미국 물리 학회에서 규격화한 Phantom및 임상 적용을 통하여 서울대 의대 연구 팀과 지속적으로 성능을 평가해 왔다. 개발된 시스템의 해상도는 $256{\times}256$ head 영상에서 1mm 이 하의 해상도를 가짐을 resolution phantom 을 통하여 확인할 수 있었고, $512{\times}512$ 영상에서 는 약 0.5 mm 의 물체를 분리 해냄으로써 외제 시스템들 보다 우수하게 평가 되었다. 차폐 경사코일의 Eddy current영향은2%이내로 촬영 시 영향은 거의 무시할 수 있었다. 또한, 개발된 영상 기법들, 즉 Multislice/Multi Echo, Oblique angle imaging, 64 Echo train을 갖는 고속 촬영 기술들이 자기 공명 장치에 장착되어 임상 적용에 문제가 없도록 하였다. 또한 20mT/m/Amp의 강력한 능동 차폐 경사 자계 코일(Active Shield Gradient Coil)을 기본 사양으로 하고, 수신단을 최대 6개로 확장토록 하여 2차년도의 초고속 촬영 기법(EPI) 및 Phased Array 코일 촬영이 가능토록 하였다. 1차 년도 개발 과제 수행 결과와 향후 개발 과제를 바탕으로 최종 목표인 국제 경쟁력이 있는 자기 공명 진단 장치 즉 기능과 영상의 질은 선진국 제품과 동일하거나 우수하되, 저가격을 구현한 상용화 제품이 완성되어, 첨단 의료기기로서 산업 구조 고도화에 기여하고 수입대체 뿐만 아니 라 수출을 통한 국익 창출과 국가의 기술을 통한 위상 제고에 기여되길 기대한다.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.607-617
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• 2002

IETF has proposed CNRP that is a protocol exchanging CNRP objects between server and client for resolving a common name to URIs of the desired Internet resouces. CNRP enables users to access various services via the integrated interface, to easily get the desired resources, and to reuse the results not as the data but as the information. Whereby these advantages, CNRP will be generally used for the integration of the various Internet services or the applications where the resolution of common name is needed. But, CNRP specification doesn't describes the practical implementation method for server and client. Though a few prototype systems are developed in some researches using CNRP, they are not enough to be generally used for the various Internet applications because they doesn't include all objects specified in CNRP specification or they construct systems with one server. So, this Paper proposes the practical implementation method for CNRP server/client through analyzing and solving the problems occurred when implementing them, and implements all objects specified in CNRP specification. This paper also verifies the feasibility of the proposed method by developing the prototype system of the company name resolution service using the CNRP server/client implemented in this study. The CNRP server/client implemented in this paper are used to develop various CNRP application systems.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.1096-1099
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• 2019

In this paper, we propose the protocol for construction of smart factory. The proposed protocol for construction of smart factory consists of an OPC UA Server/Client, a technology of TSN realtime communication, a NTP & PTP time synchronization protocol, a FieldBus protocol and conversion module, a technology of saving data for data transmit latency and synchronization protocol. OPC UA server/client is a system integration protocol which makes interface industrial hardware device and supports standardization which allows in all around area and also in not independent from any platform. A technology of TSN realtime communication provides an high sensitive time management and control technology in a way of sharing specific time between devices in the field of high speed network. NTP & PTP time synchronization protocol supports IEEE1588 standardization. A fieldbus protocol and conversion module provide an extendable connectivity by converting industrial protocol to OPC. A technology of saving data for data transmit latency and synchronization protocol provide a resolution function for a loss and latency of data. Results from testing agencies to assess the performance of proposed protocol for construction of smart factory, response time was 0.1367ms, synchronization time was 0.404ms, quantity of concurrent access was 100ea, quantity of interacting protocol was 5ea, data saving and synchronization was 1,000 nodes. It produced the same result as the world's highest level.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.143-156
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• 2019

Types of innovation can be categorized into simplification, information, automation, and intelligence. Intelligence is the highest level of innovation, and RPA can be seen as one of intelligence. Robotic Process Automation(RPA), a software robot with artificial intelligence, is an example of intelligence that is suited for simple, repetitive, large-scale transaction processing tasks. The RPA, which is already in operation in many companies in Korea, shows what needs to be done to naturally focus on the core tasks in a situation where the need for a strong organizational culture is increasing and the emphasis is on voluntary leadership, strong teamwork and execution, and a professional working culture. The introduction was considered naturally according to the need to find. Robotic Process Automation, or RPA, is a technology that replaces human tasks with the goal of quickly and efficiently handling structural tasks. RPA is implemented through software robots that mimic humans using software such as ERP systems or productivity tools. RPA robots are software installed on a computer and are called robots by the principle of operation. RPA is integrated throughout the IT system through the front end, unlike traditional software that communicates with other IT systems through the back end. In practice, this means that software robots use IT systems in the same way as humans, repeat the correct steps, and respond to events on the computer screen instead of communicating with the system's application programming interface(API). Designing software that mimics humans to communicate with other software can be less intuitive, but there are many advantages to this approach. First, you can integrate RPA with virtually any software you use, regardless of your openness to third-party applications. Many enterprise IT systems are proprietary because they do not have many common APIs, and their ability to communicate with other systems is severely limited, but RPA solves this problem. Second, RPA can be implemented in a very short time. Traditional software development methods, such as enterprise software integration, are relatively time consuming, but RPAs can be implemented in a relatively short period of two to four weeks. Third, automated processes through software robots can be easily modified by system users. While traditional approaches require advanced coding techniques to drastically modify how they work, RPA can be instructed by modifying relatively simple logical statements, or by modifying screen captures or graphical process charts of human-run processes. This makes RPA very versatile and flexible. This RPA is a good example of the application of digital to intelligence(D2I).

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1-22
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• 2009

The World Wide Web is transitioning from being a mere collection of documents that contain useful information toward providing a collection of services that perform useful tasks. The emerging Web service technology has been envisioned as the next technological wave and is expected to play an important role in this recent transformation of the Web. By providing interoperable interface standards for application-to-application communication, Web services can be combined with component based software development to promote application interaction and integration both within and across enterprises. To make Web services for service-oriented computing operational, it is important that Web service repositories not only be well-structured but also provide efficient tools for developers to find reusable Web service components that meet their needs. As the potential of Web services for service-oriented computing is being widely recognized, the demand for effective Web service discovery mechanisms is concomitantly growing. A number of techniques for Web service discovery have been proposed, but the discovery challenge has not been satisfactorily addressed. Unfortunately, most existing solutions are either too rudimentary to be useful or too domain dependent to be generalizable. In this paper, we propose a Web service organizing framework that combines clustering techniques with string matching and leverages the semantics of the XML-based service specification in WSDL documents. We believe that this is one of the first attempts at applying data mining techniques in the Web service discovery domain. Our proposed approach has several appealing features : (1) It minimizes the requirement of prior knowledge from both service consumers and publishers; (2) It avoids exploiting domain dependent ontologies; and (3) It is able to visualize the semantic relationships among Web services. We have developed a prototype system based on the proposed framework using an unsupervised artificial neural network and empirically evaluated the proposed approach and tool using real Web service descriptions drawn from operational Web service registries. We report on some preliminary results demonstrating the efficacy of the proposed approach.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.14D no.6
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• pp.573-584
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• 2007

As multimedia information recently increases fast, various types of retrieval of multimedia data are becoming issues of great importance. For the efficient multimedia data processing, semantics based retrieval techniques are required that can extract the meaning contents of multimedia data. Existing retrieval methods of multimedia data are annotation-based retrieval, feature-based retrieval and annotation and feature integration based retrieval. These systems take annotator a lot of efforts and time and we should perform complicated calculation for feature extraction. In addition. created data have shortcomings that we should go through static search that do not change. Also, user-friendly and semantic searching techniques are not supported. This paper proposes to develop S-MARS(Semantic Metadata-based Multimedia Annotation and Retrieval System) which can represent and extract multimedia data efficiently using MPEG-7. The system provides a graphical user interface for annotating, searching, and browsing multimedia data. It is implemented on the basis of the semantic metadata model to represent multimedia information. The semantic metadata about multimedia data is organized on the basis of multimedia description schema using XML schema that basically comply with the MPEG-7 standard. In conclusion. the proposed scheme can be easily implemented on any multimedia platforms supporting XML technology. It can be utilized to enable efficient semantic metadata sharing between systems, and it will contribute to improving the retrieval correctness and the user's satisfaction on embedding based multimedia retrieval algorithm method.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2021

The quantitative measurement of interfacial adhesion energy (Gc) of multilayer thin films for Cu interconnects was investigated using a double cantilever beam (DCB) and 4-point bending (4-PB) test. In the case of a sample with Ta diffusion barrier applied, all Gc values measured by the DCB and 4-PB tests were higher than 5 J/㎡, which is the minimum criterion for Cu/low-k integration without delamination. However, in the case of the Ta/Cu sample, measured Gc value of the DCB test was lower than 5 J/㎡. All Gc values measured by the 4-PB test were higher than those of the DCB test. Measured Gc values increase with increasing phase angle, that is, 4-PB test higher than DCB test due to increasing plastic energy dissipation and roughness-related shielding effects, which matches well interfacial fracture mechanics theory. As a result of the 4-PB test, Ta/Cu and Cu/Ta interfaces measured Gc values were higher than 5 J/㎡, suggesting that Ta is considered to be applicable as a diffusion barrier and a capping layer for Cu interconnects. The 4-PB test method is recommended for quantitative adhesion energy measurement of the Cu interconnect interface because the thermal stress due to the difference in coefficient of thermal expansion and the delamination due to chemical mechanical polishing have a large effect of the mixing mode including shear stress.