• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.549-558
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• 1996

Light-cured orthodontic composite resin has been widely advertised recently for use in bonding brackets. However, the curability of light-cured resin when light waves are diffused through metal brackets in questionable. The purposes of this study were to evaluate shear bond strength and failure patterns of visible light-cured resin(Lightbond) and chemically cured-resin(Mono-Lok 2), and to determine the relative value of light-cured resin as an alternative to conventional chemically cured resin. Each of the two resins was tested on twenty extracted human first premolars. Standard edgewise metal brackets were bonded to the teeth in accordance with the manufacturers' recommendation. After bonding, the teeth were stored for 24 hours at $37^{\circ}C$, 100% humidity. The shear bond strength was tested with a universal testing machine(Instron 4302), at 0.5mm/min crosshead speed. After debonding, brackets and enamel surfaces were examined with a scanning electron microscope and a stereoscopic microscope. The results were as follows : 1. Metal brackets bonded with Lightbond showed statistically higher shear bond strength than metal brackets bonded with Mono-Lok2. 2. The predominant failure site in Lightbond was the enamel-resin interface, and in Mono-Lok 2 it was the resin itself. 3. Enamel cracks were not found in any specimen. The above results suggest that direct bonding of metal brackets to enamel with light-cured resin bonding agent can be used effectively in clinics.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.491-497
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between hybrid layer thickness and bond strength using confocal laser scanning microscope and microtensile bond strength test of two adhesive systems. The dentin surface of human molars. sectioned to remove the enamel from the occlusal surface. Either Scotchbond Multi-Purpose(3M Dental Product, St. Paul, MN, U.S.A) or Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray, Osaka, Japan) was bonded to the surface. and covered with resin-composite. The resin-bonded teeth were serially sliced perpendicular to the adhesive interface to measure the hybrid layer thickness by confocal laser scanning microscope. The specimen were trimmed to give a bonded cross-sectional surface area of $1\textrm{mm}^2$, then the micro-tensile bone test was performed at a cross head speed of 1.0 mm/min. All fractured surfaces were also observed by stereomicroscope. There was no significant differences in bond strengths the materials(p>0.05). However. the hybrid layers of three-step dentin adhesive system, SM, had significantly thicker than self-etching adhesive system. CS(p<0.05). Pearson's correlation coefficient showed no correlation between hybrid layer thickness and bond strengths(p>0.05). Bond strengths of dentin adhesive systems were not dependent on the thickness of hybrid layer.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2007

FRP 판을 콘크리트 구조물의 거푸집 및 보강재로 이용하기 위한 기본적인 실험을 수행하였다. FRP 판과 콘크리트가 합성 효과를 발휘하기 위해서는 두 재료간의 부착이 중요한 요인 중의 하나이다. 이러한 부착을 확보하기 위하여 FRP 판에 두 가지 크기의 골재를 일반적으로 건설 현장에서 많이 사용하는 에폭시를 이용하여 부착 하였다. 콘크리트 보는 FRP 판만으로 인장 보강하였고 추가적인 휨 및 전단 보강은 하지 않았다. 비교를 위해 한 비교 실험 시편은 FRP 판에 골재를 부착하지 않고, 다른 한 비교 실험 시편은 FRP 판 대신에 종래의 철근으로 보강하여 실험하였다. 모든 콘크리트 보의 실험은 보의 중앙에 집중하중을 파괴까지 재하하였다. 실험 결과는 현행 ACI 318(2005)과 ACI 440(2006)과 비교 분석하였다. 본 연구 결과 FRP 판을 콘크리트 구조물의 거푸집 대용 및 인장 보강재로 충분히 활용할 수 있는 가능성을 보여주었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.1187-1193
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• 2002

Anodic bonding process has been quantitatively evaluated based on the Taguchi analysis of the interfacial fracture toughness, measured at the interface of anodically bonded silicon-glass bimorphs. A new test specimen with a pre-inserted blade has been devised for interfacial fracture toughness measurement. A set of 81 different anodic bonding conditions has been generated based on the three different conditions for four different process parameters of bonding load, bonding temperature, anodic voltage and voltage supply time. Taguchi method has been used to reduce the number of experiments required for the bonding strength evaluation, thus obtaining nine independent cases out of the 81 possible combinations. The interfacial fracture toughness has been measured for the nine cases in the range of 0.03∼6.12 J/㎡. Among the four process parameters, the bonding temperature causes the most dominant influence to the bonding strength with the influence factor of 67.7%. The influence factors of other process parameters, such as anodic voltage and voltage supply time, bonding load, are evaluated as 18%, 12% and 2.3%, respectively. The maximum bonding strength of 7.23 J/㎡ has been achieved at the bonding temperature of 460$\^{C}$ with the bonding load of 45gf/㎠, the applied voltage of 600v and the voltage supply time of 25minites.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2010년도 춘계 학술대회 제22권1호
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• pp.73-74
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• 2010

콘크리트 보의 휨 보강을 위한 FRP 플레이트가 콘크리트 하면에 직접 부착될 경우 콘크리트-FRP 부착경계면에서 대부분 콘크리트 박리파괴에 의한 최종파괴가 주로 발생된다. 본 연구에서는 이들 콘크리트 박리에 의한 취성파괴를 지연시켜 부착 보강재의 수명을 보다 더 연장시키기 위하여 콘크리트와 보강재 접착경계면 사이에 얇은 두께의 중간 삽입재(알루미늄, 티타늄)를 앵커와 에폭시로 부착, 기존의 FRP 플레이트 보강방법 보다 개선된 휨 성능 보강방법에 관한 연구이다. 이를 위하여 본 연구에서는 상대적으로 가격이 저렴한 알루미늄과 재료적 성능이 우수한 티타늄을 중간삽입제로 이용, 콘크리트와 보강재 사이의 부착하였으며 이들의 활용에 따른 휨 연성 개선과 콘크리트 박리파괴 지연에 대한 효과를 측정하였다.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.447-452
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• 2017

PURPOSE. To evaluate the sealing performance of Hybrid Coat and its influence on the shear bond strength of five dentin surface cements. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Six premolars were pretreated to expose the dentin surface prior to the application of Hybrid Coat. The microscopic characteristics of the dentinal surfaces were examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Then, 40 premolars were sectioned longitudinally, and 80 semi-sections were divided into a control group (untreated) and a study group (treated by Hybrid Coat). Alloy restoration was bonded to the teeth specimen using five different cements. Shear bond strength was measured by the universal testing machine. The fracture patterns and the adhesive interface were observed using a stereomicroscope. RESULTS. SEM revealed that the lumens of dentinal tubules were completely occluded by Hybrid Coat. The Hybrid Coat significantly improved the shear bond strength of resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) and resin cement (RC) but weakened the performance of zinc phosphate cement (ZPC), zinc polycarboxylate cement (ZPCC) and glass ionomer cement (GIC). CONCLUSION. Hybrid Coat is an effective dentinal tubule sealant, and therefore its combined use with resin or resin-modified glass ionomer cements can be applied for the prostheses attachment purpose.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.106-119
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• 1996

The ceramic has various high mechanical properties such as heat, abrasion, corrosion resistance and high temperature strength compared with metal. It also has low speciffic weight, low thermal expansibillity, low thermal conductivity. However, it could not be used as structural material since it is brittle and difficult for the machining. Therefore, there have been many researches to attempt to join ceramic with metal which is full of ductillity in order to compensate the weakness of ceramic.The problem is that residual stress develops around the joint area while the ceramic/metal joint material is cooled from high joining temperature to room temperature due to remarkable difference of thermal expansion coefficients between ceramic and metal. Especially, the residual stress at both edges of the specimen reduces the strngth of joint to a large amount by forming a singular stress field. In this study, two dimensional finite element method is attempted for the thermal elastic analysis. The joint residual stress of ceramic/metal developed in the cooling process is investigated and the change of joint residual stress resulted from the repetitive heat cycle is also examined. In addition, it is attempted to clarify the joint stress distribution of the case of tensile load and of the case of superposition of residual stress and actual loading stress.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.468-476
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to observe the morphologic change of dentinal surface, adhesion in interface between dentin and bonding agents, and penetration pattern of resin tags into dentinal tubles according to bonding procedure of ONE-STEP universal adhesive system. Ten extracted human molars were mounted in dental stone and sectioned to expose mid-coronal occlusal dentin and again sectioned tooth crown apically. Specimens were randomly assigned to three groups for dentin conditioning with 32% phoshoric acid, two coats of bonding agents after dentin conditioning, and bond of composite resin. The surfaces of dentin were treated with etch ant and applied bonding agent, and bonded composite resin according to the directions of manufacturer. Specimens which were boned composite were sectioned longitudinally for observing interfaces between resin and dentin. Two of specimens which were sectioned longitudinally were immersed in 6 N HCL for 30 seconds and 1% NaOCL for 12 hours to partially demineralize and deproteinize the dentin substrate. Each specimen was mounted on a brass stub, sputter-coated with gold and observed under SEM. The result were as follows : 1. On the dentinal surface which was conditioned with 32% phosphoric acid. the smear layer was completely removed. orifices of dentinal tubules were opened 3-$5{\mu}m$ wide. and dentinal surface was irregular. 2. On the dentinal surface which was applied ONE-STEP. bonding agent. resin particles were observed on the orifices of dentinal tubules and intertubular dentin. 3. There were close adaptation between dentin and resin and were the pattern which composite invaded into dentin. 4. 1-$3{\mu}m$-wide hybrid layer was visible in the interface between dentin and resin. 5. Long and funnel shaped resin tags were observed in demineralized specimens. and the surfaces of tags were rough.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2009

본 연구는 현재 시판 되고 있는 여러 개의 상아질 접착제를 임상 술식에서와 같은 방법으로 사용한 다음 열순환 후 접착계면의 변화를 관찰 비교하고자 했다. 발거 한지 한 달 이내인 대구치 28개의 교합면 상아질 표면에 4종의 상아질 접착제 (OptiBond FL [OP], AdheSE [AD], Clearfil SE Bond [CL], Xeno III [XE]) 중 하나를 적용한 뒤 복합 레진 (Premisa, Kerr) 을 1 mm 두께로 올린 후 광중합 하였다. $4^{\circ}C$ 증류수에서 6일간 보관한 뒤, 치아의 정중선으로부터 수직으로 절단 하여 그 중 절반의 치아에서 2 mm 두께의 시편을 얻은 다음 남은 반쪽의 치아는 10,000회의 열순환을 가한 뒤 ($5^{\circ}-55^{\circ}$, 침지 시간 25초, 대기 시간 5초) 같은 방법으로 2 mm 두께의 시편을 얻었다. 연마한 시편을 24시간 동안 50% ammoniacal silver nitrate solution에 담근 다음 photo-developing solution에서 8시간 동안 환원시켰다. 계면을 가로지르는 5개의 line상에서 wavelength dispersive spectrometry (WDS) detector를 이용하여 주사전상에 있는 원소들의 중량비를 계산하였다. 또한 열순환 전과 후의 시편에서 얻어진 5개의 silver 측정치를 서로 비교하였다. 열순환 전의 접착제층(adhesive layer)에서는 OP에서 가장 적은 silver의 투과가 관찰되었으며 (p < 0.0001), CL, AD, XE 순으로 투과 량이 증가함을 보였다. 혼성층 (Hybrid layer) 에서는 CL의 투과량이 가장 적었다 (p = 0.0039). 열순환 후에 접착제층과 혼성층에서 silver의 투과량은 증가하지는 않았다. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 사진을 통하여 각 시편의 접착 계면에서 접착제에 따른 특이적인 silver의 투과상을 관찰할 수 있었다. 전반적으로 OP 와 CL의 접착계면이 열순환 과정 중에도 온전히 유지됨을 볼 수 있었다. 접착 계면에서의 수분 투과 양상은 각 접착제에 따라 다른 형태를 보였으며 열 순환에 의해 유의할 만한 변화를 야기하지는 않았다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.929-933
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• 2010

3 차원 패키징을 위해 열가압 공정으로 제조된 Cu-Cu 접합 계면의 접합 특성을 평가하기 위해 4 점 굽힘 실험을 수행하였다. Cu가 코팅된 Si 웨이퍼 2 장을 $350^{\circ}C$에서 1 시간 동안 15kN 의 하중으로 접합시킨 후, 동일한 온도에서 1 시간동안 어닐닝을 수행하였다. 접합된 웨이퍼를 $30\;mm\;{\times}\;3\;mm$ 크기로 잘라 시험편을 준비하였다. 시험편의 중심에 깊이 $400\;{\mu}m$의 노치를 가공하였다. 시험기에 광학계를 부착하여 노치에서의 크랙 발생과 계면에서의 크랙 진전을 관찰하였다. 일정한 테스트 속도로 실험을 수행하여, 이에 상응하는 하중을 측정하였다. Cu-Cu 접합 계면 에너지는 $10.36\;J/m^2$ 으로 측정되었으며, 파괴된 계면을 분석하였다. 표면 분석 결과, $SiO_2$와 Ti의 계면에서 파괴가 일어났음을 확인하였다.