• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.197-209
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• 2022

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized vesicles secreted from cells into the extracellular environment and are composed of a lipid bilayer that contains cargos with biological activity, such as lipids, proteins, mRNAs, and noncoding microRNAs (miRNAs). Due to their biological activity and their role in cell-to-cell communication, interest in EVs is rapidly increasing. Bovine milk is a food consumed by people of all ages around the world that contains not only a significant amount of nutrients but also EVs. Milk-derived EVs also exhibit biological activity similar to other source-derived EVs, and studies on bovine milk EVs have been conducted in various research fields regarding sufficient milk production. In particular, not only are the effects of milk EVs themselves being studied, but the possibility of using them as drug carriers or biomarkers is also being studied. In this review, the characteristics and cargo of milk EVs are summarized, as well as their uptake and stability, efficacy and biological effects as carriers, and future research directions are presented.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.591-598
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• 2022

The article deals with the possibilities of vibration stimulation. Based on the stability analysis, a multi-scale approach with a modified whole-building model is implemented. The motion equation is configured for a controlled bridge with a MDOF (multiple dynamic degrees of freedom) Tuned Mass Damper (M-TMD) system, and a combination of welding, excitation, and control effects is used with its advanced packages and commercial software submodel. Because the design of high-performance and efficient structural systems has been of interest to practical engineers, systematic methods of structural and functional synthesis of control systems must be used in many applications. The smart method can be stabilized by properly controlling the high frequency injection limits. The simulation results illustrate that the multiple modeling method used is consistent with the accuracy and high computational efficiency. The M-TMD system, even with moderate reductions in critical pressure, can significantly suppress overall feedback on an unregulated design.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.153-176
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• 2023

Purpose As non-face-to-face work environments become common due to COVID-19, interest in online collaboration tools that can communicate smoothly without time and space limitations is continuously increasing. Most of the prior studies are about the introduction, use intention, and satisfaction of cloud computing-based collaboration tools, and studies on the effects of collaboration tools on work-life balance and quality of life are somewhat lacking. Therefore, in this study, the characteristics of cloud computing-based collaboration tools were derived, and the effect on job satisfaction during work and job stress outside of working hours was confirmed. Design/methodology/approach This study applied the S-O-R framework and conducted an online survey of office workers who used cloud computing-based collaboration tools for more than three months. Hypotheses were tested using structural equations. Findings As a result of the analysis, among the characteristics of collaboration tools, stability, usefulness, and interoperability had higher job satisfaction as more stimuli were applied. In addition, the higher the job satisfaction during work, the higher the job performance, work-life balance, and quality of life.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.89-101
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• 2022

International remittances play a crucial role in the economic management of each country, especially in developing countries. Its functions are diverse, including procurement of foreign currency, serving as a cushion for the balance of payments and foreign exchange reserves by reducing the adverse external shocks, driving economic growth, easing the gap between the rich and the poor, and maintaining macroeconomic stability. However, previous studies on remittances have mainly focused on macro-and micro-economic aspects to analyze the determinants. Therefore, this study attempts to identify the determinants of remittances in 122 countries over the past 25 years from macroeconomic and educational aspects as well as institutional qualities. In addition, given the fact that almost all of the world's top 10 recipient countries in terms of GDP and total remittance size are developing countries, developed and developing countries are separated and analyzed for comparison, assuming that there may be a difference between the two groups. Results show that the coefficients of developed and developing countries are different in four areas: Control of Corruption (CC), Rule of Law (RL), Voice and Accountability (VA), and Regulatory Quality (RQ) among the six institutional variables of interest in this study. These results implicate that even the same institutions and policies should be applied and implemented differently depending on the circumstances of each country. In addition, as suggested by the World Bank, policymakers in all countries should double their policy efforts to lower the costs of remittance and improve access to the financial system for immigrants or dispatched workers to ensure a steady inflow of remittances.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.994-1002
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• 2024

The rise in plant-based food consumption is propelled by concerns for sustainability, personal beliefs, and a focus on healthy dietary habits. This trend, particularly in alternative meat, has attracted attention from specialized brands and eco-friendly food companies, leading to increased interest in plant-based alternatives. The dominant plant-based proteins, derived mainly from legumes, include soy protein isolates, which significantly impact sensory factors. In the realm of plant-based fats, substitutes are categorized into fat substitutes based on fats and fat mimetics based on proteins and carbohydrates. The production of these fats, utilizing gums, emulsions, gels, and additives, explores characteristics influencing the appearance, texture, flavor, and storage stability of final plant-based products. Analysis of plant-based proteins and fats in hamburger patties provides insights into manufacturing methods and raw materials used by leading alternative meat companies. However, challenges persist, such as replicating meat's marbling characteristic and addressing safety considerations in terms of potential allergy induction and nutritional supplementation. To enhance functionality and develop customized plant-based foods, it is essential to explore optimal combinations of various raw materials and develop new plant-based proteins and fat separation.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2024

The desire of modern people to maintain a healthy and beautiful appearance is increasing day by day along with the increasing interest in skin health and the demand for functional cosmetics. Accordingly, research on functional cosmetic materials with few side effects and excellent efficacy is being actively conducted. Therefore, this study tried to verify the antioxidant and whitening effects of the mixed extracts of Bixa orellana, Ammi majus, and Glycyrrhiza glabra, whose efficacy has been individually verified. Extracts (BAG-1~4) with different extraction methods such as steaming, fermentation, and ultrasonication were prepared for 3 types of natural plants, and antioxidant and whitening effects of these extracts were confirmed. For this purpose, antioxidant, tyrosinase activity, melanin production and stability experiments were conducted. Extracts (BAG-1~4) had no cytotoxicity, and antioxidant and whitening effects were confirmed. BAG-4 extracted by steaming and fermentation showed the best efficacy. It seems that enzymes such as lipase, protease, and amylase increase phenol components by various yeasts involved in the fermentation process, thereby improving antioxidant and melanin production inhibitory effects. It was confirmed that the three types of natural plant extracts could be used as safe and functional cosmetic materials.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.863-870
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• 2012

Rhodopsin, a dim light photoreceptor, has been regarded as one of the model systems for the structural and functional study of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Constitutively active mutant GPCRs leading to the activation of heterotrimeric GDP/GTP-binding protein signaling in the absence of ligand binding are of interest for the study of the activation mechanism in GPCRs. The present study focused on the opsin mutant E134Q/M257Y, which showed a moderate level of constitutive activity and the formation of two distinct rhodopsin chromophores with absorption maxima of 500 nm and 380 nm, depending on the presence of an inverse agonist, 11-cis-retinal, and an agonist, all-trans-retinal, respectively. Reconstitution of the mutant rhodopsin upon incubation with different ratios of 11-cis-retinal and the all-trans-retinal, as well as upon sequential binding of the two retinals, indicated its preferential binding to 11-cis-retinal. The thermal stability of the 11-cis-retinal-bound form of the E134Q/M257Y mutant was lower than that of the mutants containing a single replacement but higher than that of the all-trans-retinal-bound forms. The mutant also showed a lower stability in its opsin state as compared with that of the wild-type opsin but had little effects on the binding affinity to 11-cis-retinal. Information obtained in this study will be helpful for analyzing the structural changes associated with the activation of rhodopsin and GPCRs.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.594-605
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• 2006

Statement of problem: Modification of titanium implant surface has potential to ensure clinically favorable performance that several surface modification technologies have been introduced. Among the methods. anodizing method and sol-gel hydroxyapatite coating method have gained much interest due to its roughness and chemical composition of the coating layer, but more of its biocompatibility result is required. Purpose : The purpose of this study was to compare bone-implant interface shear strength of four different surface treated implants as time elapsed. Resonance frequency analysis(RFA) and removal torque measurement methods were employed to measure implant stability at one week and six week after implantation. Material and method: A total of 80 screw-shaped implant [20 machined, 20 resorbable media blasted(RBM), 20 anodized, and 20 anodized+hydroxyapatite sol-gel coated] were prepared, and one of each group was implanted in the tibia of a New Zealand white rabbit that total 20 of them were used. In order to test the implant stability and implant-tissue interface contact changing in the bone bed, each 10 rabbit were sacrificed 1 week and 6 week later while resonance frequency and removal torque were measured. One-way analysis of variance and the Tukey test were used for statistical analysis. Results : The results were as follows. 1. There was no statistically significant difference of implant stability quotients(ISQ) value in RFA between individual groups after 1 week of implantation and 6 weeks(p>0.05). But, there was statistically significant increase of ISQ value in 6 weeks group compared to 1 week group(p<0.05). 2. There was no statistically significant difference in removal torque analysis between individual groups after 1 week of implantation and 6 weeks(p>0.05). but there was statistically significant increase in all 4 groups after 6 weeks compared to 1 week later(p<0.05). 3. There was no statistically significant difference in removal torque analysis between anodized group and HA coating after anodic oxidation 6 weeks later(p>0.05), but significant difference was appeared in both groups compared to RBM group and smooth-machined group(p<0.05). Conclusions : It can be suggested that changes in surface characteristics affect bone reactions. Anodized and anodized+hydroxyapatite sol-gel coating showed significantly improved bone tissue response to implants, but further study on the effect of hydroxyapatite dissolution is needed.

• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.327-352
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• 2007

The loan rate of the government loan program offered by the Small Business Corporation(SBC) can be determined as a sum of three factors such as a reference interest rate, a policy aim spread, and a credit risk spread. However the loan rate has been lower than the loan rate in the banking sector. The profit has continually run in the red figures and hence the stability the fund managed by the SBC has been damaged. Even though a policy aim spread could be emphasized, the stability and profitability of the fund should be prioritized. This means that the loan rate of the SBC should be determined such that the loss might not be occurred. This requires the policy aim spread to change from relatively large negative to near zero.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.31-54
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• 2017

In the countries operating nuclear reactors, the development of high-level radioactive waste(HLW) disposal technique is considered as an urgent and important issue for sustainable utilization of nuclear energy. In Korea, in which a low and intermediate radioactive waste repository is already operating, the construction of an underground research laboratory for in situ validation studies became a matter of interest with increasing concerns on the management of HLW. In order to construct and to operate an underground HLW repository safely in deep underground, the stability of rock mass should be guaranteed. As an important factor on rock stability, excavation damaged zone (EDZ) has been studied in many underground research laboratories in foreign countries. For accurate evaluation of the characteristics and effects of EDZ under disposal condition, it is required to use reliable investigation method based on the analysis of previous studies in similar conditions. In this study, status of foreign underground research laboratories in other countries, approaches for investigation the characteristics, size, and effect of EDZ, and major findings from the researches were surveyed and reported. This will help the accomplishment of domestic researches for developing HLW management techniques in underground research laboratory.