Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters (한국미생물·생명공학회지)

The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnology (한국미생물·생명공학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Antioxidant and Melanin-Reduction Effect of Mixed Extracts of Bixa orellana, Ammi majus, and Glycyrrhiza glabra

  • Mi Jeong Choi (Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute Co., Ltd.) ;
  • Yu Ri Kim (Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute Co., Ltd.)
  • Received : 2024.01.23
  • Accepted : 2024.02.27
  • Published : 2024.03.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The desire of modern people to maintain a healthy and beautiful appearance is increasing day by day along with the increasing interest in skin health and the demand for functional cosmetics. Accordingly, research on functional cosmetic materials with few side effects and excellent efficacy is being actively conducted. Therefore, this study tried to verify the antioxidant and whitening effects of the mixed extracts of Bixa orellana, Ammi majus, and Glycyrrhiza glabra, whose efficacy has been individually verified. Extracts (BAG-1~4) with different extraction methods such as steaming, fermentation, and ultrasonication were prepared for 3 types of natural plants, and antioxidant and whitening effects of these extracts were confirmed. For this purpose, antioxidant, tyrosinase activity, melanin production and stability experiments were conducted. Extracts (BAG-1~4) had no cytotoxicity, and antioxidant and whitening effects were confirmed. BAG-4 extracted by steaming and fermentation showed the best efficacy. It seems that enzymes such as lipase, protease, and amylase increase phenol components by various yeasts involved in the fermentation process, thereby improving antioxidant and melanin production inhibitory effects. It was confirmed that the three types of natural plant extracts could be used as safe and functional cosmetic materials.

Keywords

References

  1. Krutmann J, Morita A, Chung JH. 2012. Sun exposure: what molecular photodermatology tells us about its good and bad sides. J. Investig. Dermatol. 132: 976-9842. https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.2011.394
  2. Gilchrest BA. 2013. Photoaging. J. Investig. Dermatol. 133: E2-6. https://doi.org/10.1038/skinbio.2013.176
  3. Han JS, Yi DH. 2012. Effects of pine needles fermentation extracts on antioxidant activity and inhibition of melanin synthesis. Korean J. Aesthetics Cosmetol. 10: 619-624.
  4. Gilchrest BA, Eller MS. 1999. DNA photodamage stimulates melanogenesis and other photoprotective responses. J. Investig. Dermatol. Symp. Proc. 4: 35-40. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jidsp.5640178
  5. Ito S, Wakamatsu K. 2003. Quantitative analysis of eumelanin and pheomelanin in humans, mice, and other animals: A comparative review. Pigment Cell Res. 16: 523-531. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0749.2003.00072.x
  6. Kameyama K, Takemura T, Hamada Y, Sakai C, Kondoh S, Mishiyama S, et al. 1993. Pigment production in murine melanoma cells is regulated by tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1(TRP1), DOPA chrome tautomerase(TRP2), and a melanogenic inhibitor. J. Investig. Dermatol. 100: 126-131. https://doi.org/10.1111/1523-1747.ep12462778
  7. Tsatmali M, Ancans J, Thody AJ. 2002. Melanocyte function and its control by melanocortin peptides. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 50: 125-133. https://doi.org/10.1177/002215540205000201
  8. Iwata M, Corn T, Iwata S, Everett MA, Fuller BB. 1990. The relationship between tyrosinase activity and skin color in human foreskins. J. Investig. Dermatol. 95: 9-15. https://doi.org/10.1111/1523-1747.ep12872677
  9. Rendon MI, Gaviria JI. 2005. Review of skin-lightening agents. Dermatol. Surg. 31: 886-889. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-4725.2005.31736
  10. Curto EV, Kwong C, Hermersdorfer H, Glatt H, Santis C, Virador V, et al. 1999. Inhibitors of mammalian melanocyte tyrosinase: in vitro comparisons of alkyl esters of gentisic acid with other putative inhibitors. Biochem. Pharmacol. 57: 663-672. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-2952(98)00340-2
  11. Kooyers TJ, Westerhof C. 2004. Toxicological aspects and health risks associated with hydroquinone in skin bleaching formula. Ned. Tijdschr. Geneeskd. 148: 768-771.
  12. Nakagawa M, Kawai K, Kawai K. 1995. Contact allergy to kojic acid in skin care products. Contact Dermatitis 32: 9-13. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1995.tb00832.x
  13. Wei CI, Huang TS, Fernando SY, Chung KT. 1991. Mutagenicity studies of kojic acid. Toxicol. Lett. 59: 213-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4274(91)90074-G
  14. Maeda K, Hatato M. 2004. Involvement of photooxidation of melanogenic precursors in prolonged pigmentation induced by ultraviolet A. J. Investig. Dermatol 122: 503-509. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0022-202X.2004.22223.x
  15. Cheng SL, Liu RH, Sheu JN, Chen ST, Sinchaikul S, Tsay GJ. 2007. Toxicogenomics of A375 human malignant melanoma cells treated with arbutin. J. Biomed. Sci. 14: 87-105. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11373-006-9130-6
  16. Vilar DDA, Vilar MSDA, Raffin FN, Oliveira MRD, Franco CFDO, de Athayde-Filho PF, et al. 2014. Traditional uses, chemical constituents, and biological activities of Bixa orellana L.: a review. ScientificWorldJournal 2014: 857292.
  17. Raddatz-Mota D, Perez-Flores LJ, Carrari F, Mendoza-Espinoza JA, de Leon-Sanchez FD, Pinzon-Lopez LL, et al. 2017. Achiote (Bixa orellana L.): a natural source of pigment and vitamin E. J. Food Sci. Technol. 54: 1729-1741. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-017-2579-7
  18. Kaur R, Kaur H, Dhindsa AS. 2013. Glycyrrhiza glabra: a phytopharmacological review. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res. 4: 24-70.
  19. Gupta VK, Fatima A, Faridi U, Negi AS, Shanker K, Kumar JK, et al. 2008. Antimicrobial potential of Glycyrrhiza glabra roots. J. Ethnopharmacol. 116: 377-380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2007.11.037
  20. Selim YA, Ouf NH. 2012. Anti-inflammatory new coumarin from the Ammi majus L. Org. Med. Chem. Lett. 2: 1.
  21. Kim WY, Kim JM, Han SB, Lee SK, Kim ND, Park MK, et al. 2000. Steaming of ginseng at high temperature enhances biological activity. J. Nat. Prod. 63: 1702-1704. https://doi.org/10.1021/np990152b
  22. Kim GY, Yang YS, Youn JY, Lee CJ, Jeon JW, Jung OS, et al. 2009. Theory and practice of fermented food. Kyomunsa, Seoul, Korea. pp. 12.
  23. Lee SB, Go GH, Yang JY, Oh SH, Kim JG. 2004. Fermentedfood. 2nd ed. Hyoil, Seoul, Korea. pp. 3.
  24. Lin MY, Yen CL. 1999. Antioxidative ability of lactic acid bacteria. J. Agric. Food Chem. 47: 1460-1466. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf981149l
  25. Utebayeva AA, Burmasova MA, Sysoeva MA, Sysoeva EV. 2018. Activation of probiotics with antioxidants. Proceedings of Universities. Appl. Chem. Biotechnol. 8: 65-72. https://doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2018-8-4-65-72
  26. Wang YC, Yu RC, Chou CC. 2006. Antioxidative activities of soymilk fermented with lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria. Food Microbiol. 23: 128-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2005.01.020
  27. Fessard A, Bourdon E, Payet B, Remize F. 2016. Identification, stress tolerance, and antioxidant activity of lactic acid bacteria isolated from tropically grown fruits and leaves. Can. J. Microbiol. 62: 550-561. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2015-0624
  28. Re R, Pellegrini N, Proteggente A, Pannala A, Yang M, Rice Evans C. 1999. Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radic.Biol. Med. 26: 1231-1237. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5849(98)00315-3
  29. Yoneta A, Yamashita T, Jin HY, Kondo S, Jimbow K. 2004. Ectopic expression of tyrosinase increases melanin synthesis and cell death following UVB irradiation in fibroblasts from familial atypical multiple mole and melanoma (FAMMM) patients. Melanoma Res. 14: 387-394. https://doi.org/10.1097/00008390-200410000-00009
  30. Imokawa G, Mishima Y. 1980. Isolation and characterization of tyrosinase inhibitors and their differential action on melanogenic subcelluar compartments in amelanotic and melanomas. Br. J. Dermatol. 103: 625-633. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1980.tb01684.x
  31. Hearing VJ, Jimenez M. 1987. Mammalian tyrosinase- the critical regulatory control point in melanocyte pigmentation. Int. J. Biochem. 19: 1141-1147. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-711X(87)90095-4
  32. Park HY, Kosmadaki M, Yaar M, Gilchrest BA. 2009. Cellular mechanisms regulating human melanogenesis. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 66: 1493-1506. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-009-8703-8
  33. You SH, Moon JS. 2016. A study on anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and melanin inhibitory effects of chrysanthemum sibiricum extract. J. Korean Appl. Sci. Technol. 33: 762-770.
  34. Tarangini K, Mishra S. 2014. Production of melanin by soil microbial isolate on fruit waste extract: two step optimization of key parameters. Biotechnol. Rep. 4: 139-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.btre.2014.10.001
  35. Huang HC, Hsieh WY, Niu YL, Chang TM. 2014. Inhibitory effects of adlay extract on melanin production and cellular oxygen stress in B16F10 melanoma cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 15: 16665-16679. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms150916665
  36. Klein A, He X, Roche M, Mallett A, Duska L, Supko JG, et al. 2006. Prolonged stabilization of platinum-resistant ovarian cancer in a single patient consuming a fermented soy therapy. Gynecol. Oncol. 100: 205-209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2005.08.006
  37. Park MR, Yoo C, Chang YN, Ahn BY. 2012. Change of total polyphenol content of fermented Gastrodia elata Blume and radical scavenging. Korean J. Plant Resour. 25: 379-386. https://doi.org/10.7732/kjpr.2012.25.4.379
  38. Choi EY, Choi TB. 2011. The effect of fermented Mori Cortex extracts on antioxidant activity and melanin inhibitory activity. J. Korean Soc. Aesthetics 17: 495-499.
  39. Dey TB, Chakraborty S, Jain KK, Sharma A, Kuhad RC. 2016. Antioxidant phenolics and their microbial production by submerged and solid-state fermentation process: A review. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 53: 60-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2016.04.007
  40. Hur SJ, Lee SY, Kim YC, Choi I, Kim GB. 2014. Effect of fermentation on the antioxidant activity in plant-based foods. Food Chem. 160: 346-356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.03.112
  41. Park EH, Bae WY, Kim JY, Kim KT, Paik HD. 2017. Antimelanogenic effects of Inula britannica flower petal extract fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum KCCM 11613P. J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B 18: 816.
  42. Kim SH, Yoem SH, Kim JH, Hong JW, Oh YS, Kim JW. 2022. Enhancement of TRP gene expression and UV absorption by bioconverted chestnut inner shell extracts using Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. Molecules 27: 4940.
  43. Feng N, Tang F, Hu C, Cheng L, Lv Z, Shen Y, et al. 2022. Debate: Could the litchi pericarp oligomeric procyanidins bioconverted by Lactobacillus plantarum increase the inhibitory capacity on advanced glycation end products?. Front. Nutr. 9: 961078.