• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.693-707
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• 2019

This paper proposes an integrated safety assessment method that can take multiple sources data into consideration based on a data fusion approach. Data cleaning using the Kalman filter method (KF) was conducted first for monitoring data from each sensor. The inclination data from the four tilt sensors of the same monitoring section have been associated to synchronize in time. Secondly, the finite element method (FEM) model was established to physically correlate the external forces with various structural responses of the shield tunnel, including the measured inclination. Response surface method (RSM) was adopted to express the relationship between external forces and the structural responses. Then, the external forces were updated based on the in situ monitoring data from tilt sensors using the extended Kalman filter method (EKF). Finally, mechanics parameters of the tunnel lining were estimated based on the updated data to make an integrated safety assessment. An application example of the proposed method was presented for an urban tunnel during a nearby deep excavation with multiple source monitoring plans. The change of tunnel convergence, bolt stress and segment internal forces can also be calculated based on the real time deformation monitoring of the shield tunnel. The proposed method was verified by predicting the data using the other three sensors in the same section. The correlation among different monitoring data has been discussed before the conclusion was drawn.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.433-444
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• 2008

In recent, the integrated water resources management should consider not only existing management objects such as water supply, power generation, and instream flows but also new management objects such as water quantity, water quality, and water habitats which management system is large and complex. Moreover, integrated basin plan or operation are needed for solving conflicts problems between basins and between water usages and to maximize water resources usages. To increase use of optimization method for actual operation and apply various objects, a reservoir operation rule was developed and the KModSim's hydrologic states for integrated water resources management were tested in this study. The simulation results show that the developed operation rules applied in hydrologic states good represent the actual storages of both the Yongdam and the Daecheong Reservoirs so, it is possible to improve the water allocation method usually used in the basin management and manage the integrated basin water resources if new operating rules are applied in optimized programming.

• Archives of design research
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.5-14
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• 1999

In this competitive environment which changes rapidly na extensively we can perceive that the role of education is getting important more and more. The challenge that we face is how we can handle the information and convert it to the knowledge. A lot of schools have already tried to improve the effect of education by using the computers. Besides providing the content of education newly and interestingly the educational use of the integrated Media has a strong point in terms of efficiency and effectiveness that it is excellent in storage, communication, control and handling enormous information as well as in a peculiarity of reciprocity, the high usefulness of communicative education using the experience of vision, audition and simulation in the method of participating of students themselves in education that the previous media systems didn't have. This thesis brought up a substantial problem in producing the consequences of education for children by investigating the psychological and recognitional abilities of children and by understanding the essence of the Integrated Media. And this study provided the solution in terms of the content and the viewpoint in design to raise the educational efficiency and effectiveness of the Integrated Media even though it is just a partial solution.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.99-106
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• 2013

Through the rapid economic growth, modern society have achieved the industrialization but needed to respond to climate change and low-carbon green growth on a scale of urban area. Many studies about the low-carbon city and the green city are on going, but most of them are not integrated but go along in each area(construction, transportation, energy, etc) In this paper, we surveyed the current status of researches about information system to design low-carbon city or green city, and define the method to integrate the outcomes from the each area. As a result integrated model of 'Low-carbon Urban Planning integrated System' in the paper, Individual system is developed by way of C/S form because web system raised problems for data load in analysis. The integrated system was decided to develop by way of Web form, and integrated system was developed by can use the analysed DB in the individual system. We expect this study can help future researches to develop more economical and efficient integrated information system model to design the low-carbon city and the green city.

• Archives of design research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.139-148
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• 2000

Development of the digital technology made possible the Integrated media that is combined computer with information network technology. Integrated media is the data transferring method through the multimedia, and has been developed by the similar form with the human's information transferring system. For that reason, interface has been developed as the important theme, Human Computer Interaction, according to the formal development. Using interface is not activated yet for the lack of connection with various divisions and the system of the product development although interfaces formatic development is re-arranged and re-established in design. This is the try to construct new model of the interface by re-arrange of the factors for the information transferring form development on the ground of the mp3 service vending machine development. Interface is divided into logical I formatic and hardware I software for he systematic classification and also arranged so that anybody can understand. Consequently, presenting of the new integrated interface paradigm can make possible to suggest the fundamental framework that is the new direction of the design re-arranged by the integrated media.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.303-327
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• 2019

This study proposed an integrated approach to multiplication as a way to help students understand multiplication in elementary mathematics. The integrated approach to multiplication is to give students a broad understanding of multiplication by solving a situation of multiplication in a variety of ways in mathematics classes, exploring and discussing each other's methods. The integrated approach to multiplication was derived from a number of previous studies that emphasized various approaches, a consistent approach, and a specific approach to multiplication. As results, the integrated approach of multiplication can be interpreted in four ways as a situation of multiplication, and each method is connected to important characteristics of multiplication emphasized in previous studies. In addition, this study has theoretically confirmed that the integrated approach to multiplication is important not only for multiplication but also for division, fraction and operation of fractions, ratios, rates, and proportions. This study is expected to provide some implications for teachers with regard to multiplication in elementary school mathematics.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.278-293
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of multiple-choice test items used in assessment of high school integrated science according to 2009 revised curriculum. For the analysis of the tendency of item setting, we devised an analytic framework specific to integrated science, and analyzed the characteristics of items by applying the devised framework and item response theory. The results of the tendency of item setting revealed that most of items run counter to the intent of integrated science in terms of item resource, integration extent, and cognitive level, which means teachers are stick to separative method in teaching-learning and assessment of integrated science. The results of the analysis applying item response theory showed that item difficulty was appropriate and item discrimination was considerably high. However, there was no relevance between the tendency of item setting and qualitative characteristics of the items. We also discussed some agendas to improve the teaching-learning and assessment of integrated science based on the results of this study.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.127-134
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• 2009

As wireless-internet and mobile computer revitalizes, various teaching and learning strategies are appearing. In this study, we suggest a new integrated teaching method in u-learning environment effectively. First of all, to apply information technique to education effectively, we grasped various educational factors centered on learners. And then, we categorized them into contents, time and space as three vital factors and analyzed. Next, by combining the important factors, we suggested the new integrated teaching and learning strategy. We also operated personalized the integrated teaching for elementary school students and verified the effect. As a result, we learned that the integrated teaching was effective in the area of higher-level thinking presented as an effectiveness index, learning motivation and self-directed learning. That is, this study will promote excellence in education centered on learners in the hereafter u-learning environment and support general integrated education effectively.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.8-15
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• 2021

This study was conducted with the purpose of exploring the dilemma and improvement strategies for the integrated management of extracurricular education programs at Duksung Women's University. The research method was finally composed of a procedure with a meeting of experts based on the procedure of collecting and analyzing the previous research literature. As for the contents of the study, the dilemma of the integrated management of the extracurricular education program at Duksung Women's University was presented first. Examples of dilemmas include difficulties in organizing and operating programs from the perspective of a roadmap customized for each grade level, difficulties in establishing a foundation for balanced mapping of core competencies and cultivating programs, difficulties in managing the performance of regular program monitoring and feedback improvement, and activating the linkage system between subjects and extracurricular education programs difficulties and difficulties in establishing a support system for the operation of the extracurricular education integrated management system were reflected. In addition, a strategy to complement and improve this dilemma was presented in a linkage. As a result of the study, the integrated management dilemma of Duksung Women's University's extracurricular education programs needs to be resolved in the long term through formal infrastructure such as external expert advice and expert exchange, and the development and use of related manuals should be considered aspects were analyzed. In addition, the content of this study was analyzed not only in the educational case of Duksung Women's University, but also in that it deals with cases that can be usefully referenced in most universities that develop and operate extracurricular education programs. Finally, this study presents an evidence-based practices that can be referenced in promoting the integrated management of extracurricular education programs in university sites, and the position and identity of extracurricular education throughout the university curriculum. It is judged that the significance and expected effect of the study can be obtained in that it provides an opportunity to improve from the management point of view.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.317-328
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide patient-centered nursing by comparing the patient needs, patient satisfaction, and communication type of nurses for patients admitted to integrated nursing care service ward and general ward. Methods: Data were collected by self-report questionnaires between September 7 and October 9, 2021. Patients were patients recruited from a hospital in D city, 100 each from comprehensive nursing care service ward and general ward. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, 𝜒²-test, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation. Results: There was no significant difference in patient needs between the patients of integrated nursing care service ward and the general ward (t=-1.12, p=.263). However, patient satisfaction was higher among the patients in integrated nursing care service ward than in the general ward (t=-3.55, p<.001). Pertaining to the communication type of nurses, the informational communication type (t=-4.02, p<.001) and the friendly communication type (t=-3.92, p<.001) were stronger in the integrated nursing care service ward than the general ward. It was, hence, confirmed that the educational requirements were positively correlated with patient satisfaction in the reliability domain and technical-professional domain, and that the nurse informational communication type and friendly communication type had a significantly positive correlation with patient satisfaction. Conclusion: The expansion of the integrated nursing care service ward may be considered in the future, with an informational and friendly communication method as an effective response that can be adapted in practice as a reflection the type of communication among nurses.