• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.271-277
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• 2004

초고주파 및 밀리미터파 통신 시스템의 집적회로 및 실장 기술로서 CPW기반의 전송선로를 갖는 MMIC 개발이 크게 증가하고 있으나, 실장시 패키지에서 발생되는 기생공진 현상으로 인해 그 성능이 크게 저하될 수 있다. 이런 기생 공진 현상을 억제시키기 위하여 도핑된 lossy 실리콘 웨이퍼를 칩 캐리어로 사용하고, HRS wafer를 사용하여 표면 및 벌크 MEMS 공정이 가능한 실리콘 MEMS 패키지가 해석적으로 제안되었다. 제안된 구조를 제작하여 세 가지의 칩 캐리어(conductor-back metal, 15 Ω$.$cm lossy Si, 15 ㏀$.$cm HRS)위에서 측정하여 실리콘 MEMS 패키지의 특성을 확인하였다. 제안된 실리콘 MEMS 패키지는 15 Ω$.$cm lossy 실리콘 칩 캐리어를 사용하여, 기생 공진 현상을 효과적으로 억제시킬 수 있었다. 전체 패키지에서 중앙의 GaAs CPW 패턴을 de-embedding하여 순수한 CPW MMIC 용의 실리콘 MEMS 패키지는 40 ㎓에서 삽입 손실은 - 2.0 ㏈이며, 전력 손실은 - 7.5 ㏈의 결과를 얻었다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.8-13
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• 2014

As packing density in integrated circuits increases, multilevel metallization process has been widely used. But hillock formed in the bottom layers of aluminum are well known to make interlayer short in multilevel metallization. In this study, the effects of ion implantation to the metal film and deposition temperature on the hillock formation were investigated. The Al-1%Si thin film of $1{\mu}m$ thickness was DC sputtered with substrate ($SiO_2/Si$) temperature of $20^{\circ}C$, $200^{\circ}C$, and $400^{\circ}C$, respectively. Ar ions ($1{\times}10^{15}cm^{-2}$: 150 keV) and B ions ($1{\times}10^{15}cm^{-2}$, 30 keV, 150 keV) were implanted to the Al-Si thin film. The deposited films were evaluated by SEM, surface profiler and resistance measuring system. As a results, Ar implanting to Al-Si film is very effective to reduce hillock size in the metal deposition temperature below than $200^{\circ}C$, and B implanting to an Al-Si film is effective to reduce hillock density in the high temperature deposition conditions around $400^{\circ}C$. Line width less than $3{\mu}m$ was free of hillock after alloying.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제25권10호
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• pp.1627-1635
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• 2001

Virtual manufacturing is a technology facilitating effective development and agile manufacturing of products via sophisticated computer models representing physical and logical schema and behavior of real manufacturing systems including manufacturing resources, environments, and products. For the successful application of this technology, a virtual plant as a well-designed and integrated environment is essential fur sharing information and engineering collaboration among diverse engineering activities. The systematic approaches and effective methods for construction and application of a virtual plant are proposed in this paper, such as a 3-D CAD modeling, cell and line simulations, databases and some information technologies. Measuring and 3-D CAD modeling technologies of many equipments, facilities and structures of the building are developed, and effective information management system managing CAD models, related files and data is implemented in WWW environments. Finally, precise simulations of unit cell lines and the whole plant are performed. For the beginning of implementing a Virtual Automotive Plant, the Virtual Plant fur the Body Shop of a Korean automotive company is constructed and implemented. We could obtain the benefit of savings in time and cost in many manufacturing preparation activities in the new car development processes.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.151-159
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• 2017

본 연구는 ICT 분야 국가연구개발사업 후 이루어지는 성과분석의 개선을 위한 정책적 대안들을 논의하고 있다. 이를 위해 성과지표 설계, 성과분석 방법론, 성과분석 결과의 공개 및 비교, 추적조사의 확대, ICT 분야 성과분석의 통합관리 이슈 등을 중심으로 현황 및 문제점을 진단하였다. 이 같은 문제점을 개선하기 위해 본 연구에서는 성과지표 개선을 위한 컨설팅 활용, 사전에 설정된 성과지표의 유지, 효과성 측정을 위한 질적 성과지표의 도입, 사업 특성에 맞는 새로운 연구방법론의 적용, 성과의 비교 평가 강화 및 이를 위한 성과지수 도입, 주요 연구개발사업에 대한 추적조사 의무화, ICT 분야 성과분석을 위한 독립된 임시 조직의 활용 등을 제안하고 있다. 본 연구에서 제안하는 정책 대안이 반영될 경우 향후 ICT 분야 국가연구개발사업 성과분석의 효율성 및 효과성이 증진될 것이며 나아가 사업의 개선 뿐 아니라 산업 경쟁력 강화에도 일조할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.2744-2748
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 전자정부 표준 프레임워크 프로젝트 내에서 MDD/MDA 기술 적용으로 인한 생산성과 품질 향상효과를 기능점수 (Function Point) 관점과 코드 인스펙션 관점에서 분석하여 제시한다. 또한 본 사례의 프로젝트에서 적용한 MDD/MDA적용 방법을 소개한다. MDD 기법의 발전과 더불어 그 효과를 검증하기 위해 다양한 연구가 진행되고 있으나, 대부분은 사례 연구를 통해 얻어지는 교훈이나, 제한된 측정 데이터로 분석된 효과를 제시하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 효율적인 개발 방법론과 전자정부 표준 프레임워크를 활용하여 MDD를 실제 정보시스템 개발 프로세스에 적용한 사례 연구를 통해 새로운 측정지표로 정량적 효과성을 측정하였다. 더불어 Application Life-Cycle 환경에서 모델링 된 정보들을 통합 저장소를 통하여 관리함으로써 추적성과 가시성이 확보된 방안을 제시한다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1984

식품이 가지고 있는 고유한 색깔은 소비자의 기호성 또는 영양학적 가치의 지표가 될 수 있으며 가공 및 저장처리조건에 따른 식품의 중요한 인자로 작용 할 수 있다. 따라서, 본 실험에서는 식물성 식품재료의 품종, 성숙도, 성장조건(온도, 수분. 제조공정 별)에 따른 Surface color change를 color & color difference meter와 Munsell disc 색도계(色度計)로 X, Y, Z값을 측정하고 공식에 의하여 Y(one of variation in luminous reflectance), x, y(chromaticity)를 구하여 이로부터 작성한 색도좌표상에서 식품의 색상(hue) 및 강도(chroma)를 산출하여 식품의 색도 변화를 검토하였다. 이와 같이 color & color difference meter와 같은 reflectometer를 이용하여 얻은 data를 중심으로 각각의 chromaticity diagram을 작성, 식품의 저장 및 가공처리별 색도변화를 측정하여 이것을 토대로 식품 품질의 특성을 판정할 수 있는 좋은 기초자료를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2016년도 학술발표회
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• pp.194-194
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• 2016

Gansu, located in the northwestern region, is a typical agricultural province of arid, semiarid in China. The shortage of water resources is the biggest obstacle of Gansu Province's development, and the dry farming water-saving is the eternal theme of Gansu agricultural sustainable development. In recent years, intensify reform in Gansu, has walked out a successful way in the agricultural water-saving. Using the integrated river basin governance as opportunity, the total water-using quantity was regarded as rigidity to retrain, distributed to counties (districts), irrigated areas, towns, associations, groups step by step. Agricultural water price was substantially increased, with the surface water price from about $0.1RMB/m^3$ to more than $0.2 RMB/m^3$, and the ground water from zero to more than $0.1RMB/m^3$. Simultaneously, the difference water prices and over-quota water progression price markup were carried out. The transaction of water rights was encouraged to impel the peasant to establish the consciousness of saving-water. The regulatory documents were formulated to standardize the scope, condition, mode, program etc. of agriculture water-rights transaction, to guarantees the transaction of water rights is carries out in order. The pattern of farming was optimized and adjusted, reducing the high water-consumption crop, increasing economic crops with high benefit and low water-consumption, developing industrialized agricultures such as green house. The relative engineering and measuring facility were comprehensively improved, with the anti-seepage of canal system and the enforcement of dynamo-electric well, developing high-efficient water-saving irrigation and overall metering facilities. The water fine-grained management has realized, and obvious water-saving effect has obtained: water-using rate in the irrigation area by river water has brought up to 0.57 from 0.52, and by well water up to 0.84 from 0.76. Although the water price has increased, the proportion that the water rate expenditure accounted for the cost lasts decline, and the farmers' income has gone up. The peasants express, the used water is few, and it is few to till land, but the income is many, and life is better.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.173-182
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• 2023

The UAE government has set its sights on creating a smart, electronic-based government system that utilizes AI. The country's collaboration with India aims to bring substantial returns through AI innovation, with a target of over $20 billion in the coming years. To achieve this goal, the UAE launched its AI strategy in 2017, focused on improving performance in key sectors and becoming a leader in AI investment. To ensure public safety as the role of AI in government grows, the country is working on developing integrated cyber security solutions for SCADA systems. A questionnaire-based study was conducted, using the AI IQ Threat Scale to measure the variables in the research model. The sample consisted of 200 individuals from the UAE government, private sector, and academia, and data was collected through online surveys and analyzed using descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling. The results indicate that the AI IQ Threat Scale was effective in measuring the four main attacks and defense applications of AI. Additionally, the study reveals that AI governance and cyber defense have a positive impact on the resilience of AI systems. This study makes a valuable contribution to the UAE government's efforts to remain at the forefront of AI and technology exploitation. The results emphasize the need for appropriate evaluation models to ensure a resilient economy and improved public safety in the face of automation. The findings can inform future AI governance and cyber defense strategies for the UAE and other countries.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.5-17
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• 1998

The Purpose of this study is to find out differences among the leader's traits on the hierarchy of Nurse managers in Nurse system of the hospital. In this study 152 managers over head nurse working in 6 University hospitals and 5 general hospitals were selected and the questionary paper answered by them was collected from 1st to 30th in September in 1997. The measuring instrument used in this study is the one integrated and classified by Stogdill (1981), which nurse professor and 2 students of the master's course translated and modified with myself. And its validity was verified through making a test on 130 nurses. The measuring instrument used in this study is made up of 4 items about physical characteristics, 3 items about social background, 4 items about intelligence and ability, 17 items about personaity, 6 items about task-related characteristics, 9 items about social characteristics and 8 items about general background in the triats of leader. And this instrument is made to be marked using five point Likert type. It's reliability is Cronbach's Alpha =.93. The data for study were analyzed through SPSS/PC+ The result of this study are as follows: 1. The order in importantly perceptible degree of the leader's traits showed like these: the intelligence and ability (M=4.683), the task-related characteristics (M=4.605), the personality (M=4.39), the social characteristics (M=4.327), the social back-ground (M=4.056), the physical characteristics (M=3.601). 2. The order in degree to percept the importance of 44 detailed items of the leader's traits showed like these: the judgement and decisiveness (M=4.967), the sense of responsibility (M=4.904), the activity and energy (M=4.796), the self-confidence (M=4.776), the creativity (M=4.748), the intelligence (M=4.743), the responsibility in the pursuit of objectives (M=4.743), the enthusiasm (M=4.717), the objectivity (M=4.704), the moral sense and ethical conduct (M=4.704), the ability to enlist cooperation (M=4.694), the strength of conviction (M =4.678), the enterprise (M=4.691), the administrative ability (M=4.678) and the cooperativeness (M=4.638) 3. As the result of analyzing the leader's trait differences on the hierarchy of nurse managers in six factors of the leader's traits, the social background showed the meaningful differences(F=4.983, P=0.008). 4. As the result of analyzing the leader's traits defferences made from the upper first to 15th rank among the detailed items of the leader's trait factors on the heirarchy of nurse managers, the meaningful defferences appeared in the following items: the objectivity(F=3.413, P=0.033), the creativity (F=3.550, P=0.031), the sense of responsibility(F=3.345, P=0.049), and the administrative ability (F=3.363, P=0.037). 5. As the result of analyzing the leader's trait factors in general background, only the social background of 6 leader's trait factors showed the meaningful differences according to the working place (F=4.057, P=0.008). The study shows that we should consider the above leader's trait factors in selecting nurse managers and that we should develop the educational program for hierarchy of nurse managers urgently.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.764-771
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• 2018

요즘 국내 외 농업 환경은 농업 인구의 고령화, 귀농 인구의 증가, 급격한 기후 변화, 농식품 유통 구조의 다양화, 수자원의 고갈 및 한정된 경작지 등 다양한 변화 속에 놓여 있다. 최근 농업을 둘러싼 다양한 환경 변화에 대응하기 위해 재배 전반의 작업이력인 작물 생육정보, 생육환경 및 농작업 일지 등과 같은 사항들을 쉽게 기록, 저장 및 관리하여 작물 생산량과 작업 효율을 높이기 위한 스마트 온실 실용화에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 본 논문은 작물의 근권부에서 측정할 수 있는 생장환경 데이터인 온도, 습도, 일사량. CO2 농도 등과 같은 생육에 필요한 상황정보를 수집하고 수집된 데이터를 모니터링 할 수 있는 시스템을 제안한다. 생장 작물의 근권 측정부에서 측정된 데이터와 센서로 측정된 생장환경 데이터인 온도, 습도, 일사량 등의 데이터를 취합하여 400MHz의 무선 통신 게이트웨이에 전송하는 시스템을 개발하였다. 전송된 데이터를 Cloud 기반으로 근권 환경 데이터를 모니터링 및 데이터를 시각화 할 수 있는 통합 SW 개발을 진행하였다. 데이터의 시각화를 위한 그래프 형식과 데이터 형식으로 모니터링을 할 수 있도록 하였다. 기존 스마트팜은 농장내의 데이터만을 이용하여 작물 및 시설관리를 하고, 본 연구는 전국의 농장의 날씨 및 생장환경을 수집 및 분석하여 가장 효율적인 생장환경을 제시한다.