• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.333-343
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• 1997

The purpose of the present study was to investigate an appropriate instructional model in order to remedy students' misconception. As hypotheses of this study, three instructional models, cognitive conflicting, hypothesis testing, and learning cycle models, on biological 'osmosis' concept were tested in 176 high school students. Results of the present study are as follows: 1. All groups used one of three instructional models showed a statistically significant improvement in conceptual change on the 'osmosis' concept between before and after the instruction. In addition, the three hypothesized instructional models were more effective in conceptual change than a traditional expository instruction. 2. There was a statistically significant difference among three experimental groups. Cognitive conflicting model and hypothesis testing model was more effective than learning cycle models. 3. An interviewing after instruction showed that students who had scientific concept on the 'osmosis' through the instruction could effectively apply the concept to other context more than students who had no scientific concept through instruction. The present study indicated that instructional model play an important role on students' conceptual change in science classroom. According to the result of this study, the instruction emphasizing students' active participation in class and scientific reasoning process is more appropriate to remedy misconception that the instruction using students' passive participation in class and expository teaching procedure. This study also indicated that students' concept acquired through instruction is one of important factors to apply it to other context.

• 한국정보과학회 언어공학연구회:학술대회논문집(한글 및 한국어 정보처리)
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• 한국정보과학회언어공학연구회 2023년도 제35회 한글 및 한국어 정보처리 학술대회
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• pp.196-202
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• 2023

Large Language Models (LLM)의 출현은 자연어 처리 분야의 연구 패러다임을 전환시켰다. LLM의 핵심적인 성능향상은 지시어 튜닝(instruction-tuning) 기법의 결과로 알려져 있다. 그러나, 현재 대부분의 연구가 영어 중심으로 진행되고 있어, 다양한 언어에 대한 접근이 필요하다. 본 연구는 한국어 지시어(instruction-following) 모델의 개발 및 최적화 방법을 제시한다. 본 연구에서는 한국어 지시어 데이터셋을 활용하여 LLM 모델을 튜닝하며, 다양한 데이터셋 조합의 효과에 대한 성능 분석을 수행한다. 최종 결과로 개발된 한국어 지시어 모델을 오픈소스로 제공하여 한국어 LLM 연구의 발전에 기여하고자 한다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.685-697
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• 2001

캐쉬 메모리는 명령어와 데이터의 참조시간을 줄이기 위하여 프로세서에 의해 참조되어질 가능성이 높은 주 메모리의 내용을 일시적으로 저장하는 용량이 작고 빠른 메모리이다. 본 논문에서는 슈퍼스칼라 프로세서에 적용될 수 있는 네 가지 명령어 캐쉬 구조에 대하여 캐쉬 미스와 분기예측 실패를 고려한 해석적 모델을 제안하고 성능을 분석하였다. 슈퍼스칼라 구조의 다양한 파라미터들을 정의하여 명령어 페치를 모델링하였으며, 해석적 모델의 타당성을 검증하기 위하여 시뮬레이션을 수행하여 얻은 결과와 비교하였다. 명령어 페치율에 있어서는 분기예측 실패로 인한 영향보다는 캐쉬 미스로 인한 성능저하가 더욱 큰 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통하여 얻은 해석적 모델을 사용하면 시뮬레이션에서는 드러나지 않는 성능제약의 원인에 대한 명확한 규명이 가능하며, 캐쉬 성능에 있어서 캐쉬 미스와 분기예측 실패간의 관계에 대한 정확한 분석이 가능하다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.334-342
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 배움의 학교공동체 형성을 위한 수업모형으로서의 긍정탐색의 적용 가능성을 탐구하고자 하며, 이를 위하여 배움의 공동체에서 제시하고 있는 수업의 원리와 수업모형, 교사의 역할을 분석하여 긍정탐색 모형에 적용하여 긍정 탐색 모형의 초안을 구안하고, 사용자 및 전문가 평가를 통해 긍정탐색 모형의 초안을 검증하고 개선방안을 도출하였다. 그리고 개선안을 반영한 배움의 학교공동체 수업모형의 최종안을 구안하였다. 개발된 모형의 학습활동은 홉 단계에서 오리엔테이션과 긍정 주제 선정하기, 스텝 단계에서 성공 스토리 탐색하기, 스토리 핵심가치 도출하기, 그리고 점프 단계에서 도출한 핵심가치의 확산 전략 세우기, 실행계획 세우기, 실행하기, 마지막으로 성찰하기로 구성되어 있으며 각 단계별 목표, 학습자 활동, 교사활동 그리고 지원요소가 포함되어 있다. 본 연구는 두 가지 수업모형의 병합적 개발연구로서 의의를 가지며, 후속 연구를 통해 학생, 교사, 학부모등 학교구성원을 대상으로 한 모형 개발과 적용을 통해 모형을 정교화하고 적용 대상을 확장하는 연구가 필요할 것이다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2000년도 ITC-CSCC -2
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• pp.619-622
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• 2000

This research presents an analytical model to predict the instruction fetch rate on superscalar Processors. The proposed model is also able to analyze the performance relationship between cache miss and branch prediction miss. The proposed model takes into account various kind of architectural parameters such as branch instruction probability, cache miss rate, branch prediction miss rate, and etc.. To prove the correctness of the proposed model, we performed extensive simulations and compared the results with those of the analytical models. Simulation results showed that the pro-posed model can estimate the instruction fetch rate accurately within 10% error in most cases. The model is also able to show the effects of the cache miss and branch prediction miss on the performance of instruction fetch rate, which can provide an valuable information in designing a balanced system.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.539-548
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• 2014

이 연구의 목적은 수업모형 관련 논문을 연구시기별, 연구주제별, 수업모형별, 학교급별, 교과목별로 분류하여 연구동향을 확인하기 위한 것이다. 연구대상의 표집기간은 1977년부터 2013년 3월까지로 설정했으며, 최종 586개의 연구논문을 토대로 분석을 진행하였다. 수업모형 연구의 변천사를 시기별 세 단계로 구분하였다. 제1기(1977년~1996년), 제2기(1997년~2006년), 제3기(2007년~2013년)이며, 제1기에 8%에서 제2기에 51%로, 제2기에 비약적으로 증가했다. 세 시기에 걸쳐 가장 많이 연구된 주제는 '설계 및 개발'이었으며, 연구가 가장 활발한 수업모형군은 '교과 교육과정지향'인 것으로 나타났다. 교과별로 보면, '범교과' 연구가 다른 교과에 비해 상대적으로 활발히 진행되고 있었다. 이러한 결과들을 바탕으로 향후 수업모형의 국내 연구 방향에 대해 제안하였다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.350-363
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• 2010

Recently there has been increasing emphasis on pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) for fostering science teachers' teaching professionalism that needs to be done from teacher training courses systematically. We investigated what were the PCK factors considered in planning instruction and the difficulties encountered in implementing it by pre-service teachers. In this study, 26 sophomores at an university of education in Gyeonggi province were asked to perform teaching demonstrations using scientific instruction models. They were also requested to write reflective journals and interview. Analyses of the results revealed that many pre-service teachers considered the teaching strategies such as the instruction organization and implementation when planning instruction. They had also regard to the learners' cognitive affective aspects, whereas the pre-knowledge of them was not properly considered. Especially, the curriculum and assessment were almost disregarded. Most of the difficulties encountered in planning instruction and implementing it were appeared in terms of the teaching strategies. For example, they had difficulties in considering the characteristics of each stage presented by the instruction models when planning instruction and implementing it. The frequencies of the difficulties in implementing experiment were especially higher than those of the other PCK factors. Educational implications of these findings are discussed.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.22-34
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to present a model for fusion education combining engineering elements based on humanistic writing. Instruction design in presentation writing for engineering education progresses consists of four steps, such as instruction in visual, teamwork, feedback, and rewriting. Following these steps help engineering school students to analyze important data and to communicate their creative ideas. As writing is proceeding step by step, instruction design for presentation writing should come forth with specific methods to make students practice.

• 한국학교수학회논문집
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.67-77
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to design models of CAI programs for the graphing of quadratic functions. In order to achieve this aim, I researched the relationship between mathematics educations computer programing, and theoretical approaches of CAI. The CAI program, which was developed based on my research was then positively applied to the mathematics education class in a middle school. First of all, I selected two classes -An experimental class and a comparative class. The experimental class was taught using the CAI program and the comparative class was taught by conventional methods of instruction. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The class taught by using the CAI program scored higher academic achievement than the class taught by conventional methods of instruction. 2. The analysis of the two classes' academic scores shows that the instruction using CAI program is more effective than that by conventional methods in improving students' academic achievement. The followings are suggestion for developing CAI programs and students' understanding through this study. 1. Non computer specialists will require a few months to develope an effect CAI program. Thus, development of easier, more clearly defined and flexible models must be constructed. 2. Teachers should be eager to use pre-existing models to motivate their students irregardless of their own development of programs. 3. School should provide computer rooms with a perfect net work in proportion to class size. 4. CAI programs can make students understand faster and more directly than blackboard examples. However, inconsideration of mathematical characteristics, arithmetic by hand is more effective for the students' memory retention. Computers is an effective tool of instruction. But it is most effective when used in conjunction with other methods that complement its use.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.124-133
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• 2012

Modern society requires people with practical knowledge that is able to recognize actual problems in the complex reality and solve the problems. Due to that reason, the 7th National Curriculum aims to basically cultivate ability adaptable to information-oriented global age by maximizing students' individuality and creativity. However, as existing education is hard to improve creativity, logical thinking, information processing skills, and problem-solving ability in the information-oriented age, self-directed learning is getting highlighted. Therefore, this study aimed to look into how learner-oriented IPER for self-directed learning and problem-based learning(PBL) in middle school science affected academic achievement of science and self-directed learning characteristics. As the results of the study are as follows. First, as the result of pre-and post-test to compare and analyze the effects of IPER instruction model and PBL instruction model on learners' academic achievement increase, it showed that the class with IPER instruction model was more effective. Second, as the result of pre-and post-test to compare and analyze the effects of IPER instruction model and PBL instruction model on self-directed learning characters, IPER was more effective than PBL overall, and among sub-areas, 'openness', 'self-concept', 'initiative', 'future-oriented self-understanding', and 'self-evaluation' were more effective in IPER while 'creativity' was more effective in PBL. However, among sub-areas 'responsibility' and 'learning enthusiasm' didn't show statistically significant difference. Third, the results of the post-survey to compare and analyze learners' perception regarding the application of IPER instruction model and PBL instruction model, the two models were positively affective. In addition, as the result of comparing the two models, IPER was more positive than PBL.