• 제목/요약/키워드: Information differentiation

검색결과 741건 처리시간 0.023초

정부 보조금의 노동생산성 향상 효과 비교 (Comparison of the Effects of Government Subsidies on Labor Productivity Improvement)

  • 서정석
    • 노동경제논집
    • /
    • 제43권2호
    • /
    • pp.135-159
    • /
    • 2020
  • 본 연구는 노동생산성 향상을 위해 다양한 방식으로 지급할 수 있는 정부 보조금의 효과를 분석하여 비교한다. 노동자들은 학습 능력에 차별화된 분포를 하고, 수요복점의 각 기업은 투입하는 노동의 질적 수준과 임금 수준을 완전정보 하의 두 단계 비협조게임 모형을 통해 순차적으로 결정한다. 이때 질적 수준 및 생산성 측면에서 앞서 있는 기업에 유리하도록 보조금을 지급하면, 이 기업은 노동시장에서의 경쟁력 강화로 임금경쟁 심화를 선호하게 되어, 차별화 정도의 축소를 위해 질적 수준 저하를 시도하고, 상대방 기업은 경쟁력 약화로 경쟁 회피를 위해 차별화를 확대하려고 역시 질적 수준을 낮추려는 유인을 가질 수 있다. 반대로 정부가 낮은 질적 수준이나 저생산성의 기업을 지원하면, 경쟁력 강화로 부터 심화한 임금경쟁을 하기 위해, 차별화 축소의 목적으로 질적 수준을 높일 동기를 갖게 되며, 상대 기업은 차별화 확대를 위한 질적 수준 향상의 유인이 있다. 그리고 지급 대상이 노동자인지 기업인지에 따라 결과에 유의미한 차이는 발생하지 않는다.

  • PDF

한의 공통 임상 기록 서식을 이용한 변증(辨證)과 증상(症狀)의 분포 조사 - 허증(虛證)을 중심으로 - (Distribution of Symptoms and Syndrome Differentiation Using Common Clinical Document Forms - Focused on Deficiency Syndrome Differentiation -)

  • 문진석;김정철;강병갑;김보영;강경원;최선미
    • 한국한의학연구원논문집
    • /
    • 제14권2호
    • /
    • pp.47-66
    • /
    • 2008
  • Background: It is insufficient information that are syndrome differentiations and detail symptoms in Korean. Methods: 19 traditional korean medical agencies collected 190 cases with vital sign, body measurement, patient own symptoms report and doctor diagnosis. And then we analyzed general distributions and comparisons of deficiency and non-deficiency. Results: The most past histories, in order, were the arthritis(20%), gastroenteropathy, hypertension, anemia, diabete mellitus. In chief complains, musculoskeletal occupies 60 percent of the total, and digestive system, head in order. In the syndrome differentiation, it appeared deficiency, spleen, Qi deficiency in order. Age(p=0.000), systolic blood pressure(p=0.044) and the waist-hip ratio(p=0.000) was significantly higher in the deficiency group compared with non-deficiency group. Patients with condition which dislikes the wind and with anxiety and with amazing and fear(驚恐) were significantly more in deficiency group(p=0.029, p=0.017, p=0.044). Conclusions: These statistics are continually revised report and it will be reported comparison of several syndrome differentiations and therapeutic effects by treatment methods.

  • PDF

Effect of Extrinsic Factors on Differentiated Cardiomyocyte-like Cells from Human Embryonic Stem Cells

  • Gil, Chang-Hyun;Jang, Jae-Woo;Lee, Won-Young;Park, Ze-Won;Lee, Jae-Ho;Chung, Sun-Hwa;Chae, Jung-Il;Chung, Hyung-Min
    • Reproductive and Developmental Biology
    • /
    • 제33권4호
    • /
    • pp.263-271
    • /
    • 2009
  • Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the most cause of death around the world and fields of interest for cardiac stem cells. Also, current use of terminally differentiated adult cardiomyocytes for CVDs has limited regenerative capacity therefore any significant cell loss may result in the development of progressive heart failure. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) derived from blastocyst-stage embryos spontaneously have ability to differentiate via embryo-like aggregates (endoderm, ectoderm and mesoderm) in vitro into various cell types including cardiomyocyte. However, most effective molecule or optimized condition which can induce cardiac differentiation of hESCs is rarely studied. In this study, we developed both spontaneous and inductive cardiomyocyte-like cells differentiation from hESCs by treatment of induced-factors, 5-azacytidine, BMP-4 and cardiogenol C. On the one hand, spontaneous and inductive cardiomyocyte-like cells showed that cardiac markers are expressed for further analysis by RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry. Interestingly, BMP-4 greatly improved homogeneous population of the cardiomyocyte-like cells from hESCs CHA15 and H09. In conclusion, we verified that spontaneously differentiated cells showed cardiac specific markers which characterize cardiac cells, treated extrinsic factors can manage cellular signals and found that hESCs can undergo differentiation into cardiomyocytes better than spontaneous group. This finding offers an insight into the inductive factor of differentiated cardiomyocytes and provides some helpful information that may offer the potential of cardiomyocytes derived from hESCs using extrinsic factors.

만성 폐쇄성 폐질환에 대한 한의학적 변증 평가도구 개발을 위한 기초연구 (Preliminary Study to Develop a Korean Oriental Medical Assessment Tool for Syndrome Differentiation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)

  • 이범준;정희재;최준용;강위창;정승기
    • 대한한의학회지
    • /
    • 제33권3호
    • /
    • pp.82-94
    • /
    • 2012
  • Objectives: The aim of study was to develop a standard clinical oriental medicine evaluation instrument for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: We appointed 10 respiratory professors of oriental medicine as the advisory committee. The committee was organized and met several times to discuss the patterns of syndrome differentiation (辨證) and its items based on clinical symptoms of COPD patients and review of published literature. Then the committee investigated the importance of items by e-mail and decided the weight and final weight, respectively. Results: According to the answers and conferences, we determined the Korean oriental medical assessment tool for COPD comprised of the 7 type of patterns of syndrome differentiation which have 9 items with the mean weight and final weight of each item, respectively. Conclusions: This Korean oriental medical assessment tool for COPD was newly developed through expert consensus. We expect to apply this tool to subsequent research as its validity and reliability is further confirmed.

A Number of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells but Neither Phenotype Nor Differentiation Capacities Changes with Age of Rats

  • Tokalov, Sergey V.;Gruner, Susanne;Schindler, Sebastian;Iagunov, Alexey S.;Baumann, Michael;Abolmaali, Nasreddin D.
    • Molecules and Cells
    • /
    • 제24권2호
    • /
    • pp.255-260
    • /
    • 2007
  • Bone marrow (BM) derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are pluripotent cells which can differentiate into osteogenic, adipogenic and other lineages. In spite of the broad interest, the information about the changes in BM cell composition, in particularly about the variation of MSC number and their properties in relation to the age of the donor is still controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the age associated changes in variations of BM cell composition, phenotype and differentiation capacities of MSC using a rat model. Cell populations were characterized by flow cytometry using light scattering parameters, DNA content and a set of monoclonal antibodies. Single cell analysis was performed by conventional fluorescent microscopy. In vitro culture of MSC was established and their phenotype and capability for in vitro differentiation into osteogenic and adipogenic cells was shown. Age related changes in tibiae and femurs, amount of BM tissue, BM cell composition, proportions of separated MSC and yield of MSC in 2 weeks of in vitro culture were found. At the same time, neither change in phenotype no in differentiation capacities of MSC was registered. Age-related changes of the number of MSC should be taken into account whenever MSC are intended to be used for investigations.

Microsatellite Markers for Non-Invasive Examination of Individual Identity, Genetic Variation, and Population Differentiation in Two Populations of Korean Long-Tailed Goral (Naemorhedus caudatus)

  • Kim, Baek-Jun
    • Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
    • /
    • 제3권4호
    • /
    • pp.191-198
    • /
    • 2022
  • Natural habitats of the Korean long-tailed goral (Naemorhedus caudatus) have been fragmented by anthropogenic activities in South Korea in the last decades. Here, the individual identity, genetic variation, and population differentiation of the endangered species were examined via the multiple-tube approach using a non-invasive genotyping method. The average number of alleles was 3.16 alleles/locus for the total population. The Yanggu population (1.66) showed relatively lower average number of alleles than the Inje population (3.67). Of the total 19 alleles, only seven (36.8%) alleles were shared by the two populations. Using five polymorphic out of six loci, four and six different goral individuals from the captive Yanggu (n=24) and the wild Inje (n=28) population were identified, respectively. The allele distribution was not identical between the two populations (Fisher's exact test: P<0.01). A considerably low migration rate was detected between the two populations (no. of migrants after correction for size=0.294). Additionally, the F statistics results indicated significant population differentiation between them, however, quite low (FST=0.327, P<0.01). The posterior probabilities indicated that the two populations originated from a single panmictic population (P=0.959) and the assignment test results designated all individuals to both populations with nearly equal likelihood. These could be resulted from moderate population differentiation between the populations. No significant evidence supported recent population bottleneck in the total Korean goral population. This study could provide us with useful population genetic information for conservation and management of the endangered species.

플랫폼 차별화를 위한 콘텐츠 수요와 공급량 분석 (The analysis of demand and supply in contents for platform differentiation)

  • 박상은;최성진;이영주
    • 방송공학회논문지
    • /
    • 제14권6호
    • /
    • pp.783-795
    • /
    • 2009
  • 본 연구는 디지털기술과 광대역네트워크기술의 발달에 따라 DMB, IPTV 등 신규매체가 등장함에도 불구하고 다채널방송들은 거의 동일한 내용의 콘텐츠를 제공하는데 대한 문제인식을 토대로, 플랫폼 차별화를 위해 필요한 디지털방송 콘텐츠의 수요량 및 공급량을 분석하였다. 콘텐츠 수요량은 정부의 정책적 결정에 따라 예상되는 각 매체의 채널수를 기반으로 최대, 보통, 최소의 3개 시나리오를 토대로 분석하였고, 콘텐츠 공급량은 각 매체 및 주요 방송채널사용사업자의 본방송 및 재방송비율, 그리고 지상파 방송 및 주요PP 등의 방송콘텐츠 제작 능력을 제작시설 가동률이 100%, 75%, 50%의 3가지 시나리오에 따라 분석하였다. 분석결과 최대 시나리오의 경우 연간 453,484시간의 신규 콘텐츠가 요구되며, 전체 제작시설 가동률이 100%로 가정하더라도 72,852시간의 콘텐츠만 제작 가능함으로써, 방송 콘텐츠의 수요량과 공급량의 불균형이 극심함을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 플랫폼과 네트워크 산업의 확장에 주력해온 정부 정책의 결과로 해석되며, 콘텐츠 산업을 활성화할 수 있는 정책마련이 필요하다는 것을 의미한다.

전략경쟁분석을 통한 공공도서관의 차별화 전략방안 연구 - 인천 중구의 공공도서관을 중심으로 - (A Study on the Differentiation Strategy of Public Libraries through Strategic Competition Analysis: The Case of Public Libraries in Jung-Gu, Incheon)

  • 노동조;김지영
    • 한국비블리아학회지
    • /
    • 제31권1호
    • /
    • pp.257-284
    • /
    • 2020
  • 본 연구의 목적은 도서관의 경쟁력 강화와 효율성 제고를 위해 공공도서관에 대한 전략경쟁분석을 통하여 차별화 전략방안을 도출하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 본 연구에서는 인천 중구에 위치한 4개의 공공도서관을 대상으로 현황분석, 경영자원 분석, 외부 및 내부 환경 분석 등을 실시하여 전략경쟁 상황을 파악하고, 도서관 관련 각종 통계자료, 전국도서관 운영평가자료, 도서관 이용자 만족도 조사결과, 도서관 최고경영자 및 선임사서들과의 면담을 통하여 4개 공공도서관의 경쟁사 분석, 고객세분화 분석, 고객가치 분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과, 도서관별 차별화 전략방안을 제시하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 4개의 공공도서관은 지역 내에서 서로 다른 타깃 이용자층을 대상으로 하는 맞춤형 서비스의 제공이 필요하다. 둘째, 공공도서관은 지리적 접근성 및 지역의 인구 구성 등을 고려하여 정보취약계층을 비롯한 소극적 이용자를 대상으로 직접 찾아가는 능동적인 도서관 서비스의 개발이 필요하다. 셋째, 공공도서관은 지역의 정체성을 반영한 다양한 프로그램의 개발 및 지역사회와 협업하는 문화공동체를 형성하여야 한다.

Regulator of calcineurin 1-4과 파골세포 분화의 관련성 (Relationship between the Regulator of Calcineurin 1-4 Isoform and In Vitro Osteoclast Differentiation)

  • 박경록
    • 생명과학회지
    • /
    • 제25권2호
    • /
    • pp.223-230
    • /
    • 2015
  • RCAN1은 calcineurin을 억제하는 내인성 단백질로 calcineurin-NFATc1 신호전달 경로와 관련된 질환의 병인에 중요한 역할을 담당한다. 특히 RCAN1-4 아형 유전자의 경우 NFATc1 전사인자에 의해 조절된다. RANKL 자극은 calcineurin-NFATc1 경로로 파골세포 분화를 유도하는데, RCAN1과 파골세포의 분화에 관련된 연구는 보고 된 바 없다. 따라서 본 연구는 RANKL 처리에 의해 파골세포 분화가 유도될 때 RCAN1이 calcineurin-NFATc1 경로에 미치는 영향을 in vitro에서 조사했다. 마우스로부터 분리한 골수단핵세포에 RANKL을 처리하여 파골세포 분화를 유도했다. RANKL 처리 후 조사 대상 유전자의 mRNA 발현과 단백질 발현을 각각 RT-PCR과 Western blot로써 측정했다. 마우스 RCAN1-4 vector를 파골전구세포인 RAW 264.7 단핵세포주와 골수단핵세포에 형질도입(transfection)시켜 RCAN1-4 유전자의 과발현을 유도했다. 형질도입 후 파골세포 분화의 형태적 변화는 TRAP 염색을 통해 관찰했다. RANKL 처리 후 NFATc1, calcineurin, RCAN1-4 mRNA 발현은 크게 증가했다. 단백질 발현의 경우 NFATc1과 RCAN1은 증가했으나 calcineurin은 대조군과 차이가 없었다. RCAN1-4 유전자의 과발현 유도 시 RCAN1-4 mRNA는 크게 증가되었으나 RCAN1 단백질 발현은 증가되지 않았다. 특히 RANKL 존재 시 RCAN1 유전자를 knock-down시켜도 RCAN1 발현은 정상적으로 유지되었다. 한편, NFATc1 발현은 과발현 유도시 감소했고 knock-down 유도 시 증가하는 경향을 보였다. RCAN1-4 유전자 과발현을 유도한 골수단핵세포에서 배양 5일 후 파골세포 분화는 대조군과 차이가 없었다. 이러한 결과는 RANKL에 의한 파골세포 분화 시 RCAN1이 calcineurin-NFATc1 경로를 통해 파골세포 분화에 미치는 영향은 제한적일 것으로 사료된다.

Lnk is an important modulator of insulin-like growth factor-1/Akt/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma axis during adipogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells

  • Lee, Jun Hee;Lee, Sang Hun;Lee, Hyang Seon;Ji, Seung Taek;Jung, Seok Yun;Kim, Jae Ho;Bae, Sun Sik;Kwon, Sang-Mo
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
    • /
    • 제20권5호
    • /
    • pp.459-466
    • /
    • 2016
  • Adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is critical for metabolic homeostasis and nutrient signaling during development. However, limited information is available on the pivotal modulators of adipogenic differentiation of MSCs. Adaptor protein Lnk (Src homology 2B3 [SH2B3]), which belongs to a family of SH2-containing proteins, modulates the bioactivities of different stem cells, including hematopoietic stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells. In this study, we investigated whether an interaction between insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and Lnk regulated IGF-1-induced adipogenic differentiation of MSCs. We found that wild-type MSCs showed greater adipogenic differentiation potential than $Lnk^{-/-}$ MSCs. An ex vivo adipogenic differentiation assay showed that $Lnk^{-/-}$ MSCs had decreased adipogenic differentiation potential compared with wild-type MSCs. Interestingly, we found that Lnk formed a complex with IGF-1R and that IGF-1 induced the dissociation of this complex. In addition, we observed that IGF-1-induced increase in the phosphorylation of Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin was triggered by the dissociation of the IGF-1R-Lnk complex. Expression levels of a pivotal transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ($PPAR-{\gamma}$) and its adipogenic target genes (LPL and FABP4) significantly decreased in $Lnk^{-/-}$ MSCs. These results suggested that Lnk adaptor protein regulated the adipogenesis of MSCs through the $IGF-1/Akt/PPAR-{\gamma}$ pathway.