• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.63-74
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• 2024

In agriculture, frost can be devastating, which is why observation and forecasting are so important. According to a recent report analyzing frost observation data from the Korea Meteorological Administration, despite global warming due to climate change, the late frost date in spring has not been accelerated, and the frequency of frost has not decreased. Therefore, it is important to automate and continuously operate frost observation in risk areas to prevent agricultural frost damage. In the existing frost observation using leaf wetness sensors, there is a problem that the reference voltage value fluctuates over a long period of time due to contamination of the observation sensor or changes in the humidity of the surrounding environment. In this study, a datalogger program was implemented to automatically solve these problems. The established frost observation system can stably and automatically accumulate time-resolved observation data over a long period of time. This data can be utilized in the future for the development of frost diagnosis models using machine learning methods and the production of frost occurrence prediction information for surrounding areas.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.37-44
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• 2024

The Korean Helicopter Development Program has successfully introduced the Surion helicopter, a versatile multi-domain operational aircraft that replaces the aging UH-1 and 500MD helicopters. Specifically designed for maneuverability, the Surion plays a crucial role in low-altitude tactical maneuvers for personnel transportation and specific missions, emphasizing the helicopter's survivability. Despite the significance of its low-altitude tactical maneuver capability, there is a notable gap in research focusing on multi-mission tactical maneuvers that consider the risk factors associated with deploying the Surion in the presence of enemy air defenses. This study addresses this gap by exploring a method to enhance the Surion's low-altitude maneuvering paths, incorporating information about enemy air defenses. Leveraging the Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) algorithm, a reinforcement learning-based approach, the research aims to optimize the helicopter's path planning. Visualized experiments were conducted using a Surion model implemented in the Unity environment and ML-Agents library. The proposed method resulted in a rapid and stable policy convergence for generating optimal maneuvering paths for the Surion. The experiments, based on two key criteria, "operation time" and "minimum damage," revealed distinct optimal paths. This divergence suggests the potential for effective tactical maneuvers in low-altitude situations, considering the risk factors associated with enemy air defenses. Importantly, the Surion's capability for remote control in all directions enhances its adaptability in complex operational environments.

• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.137-167
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• 2024

This study sought to explain the reasons why the civic education bill failed to be enacted as many as 13 times. What we discovered as a result of our research is, first, the absence of a legislative strategy by the minority member of the national assembly on this bills. The Citizenship Education Bill was a controversial bill with great potential for ideological conflict, and after the 19th National Assembly, this bill was promoted by a minority of a specific political party. The Democratic Party's sponsoring lawmakers did not use active legislative strategies, such as exerting influence within the party to have these bills adopted as the party's platform, or developing them into major pledges for the general and presidential elections. Second, there is a consistent passive response from civic groups as well as lawmakers who signed the bill in an unfavorable public opinion environment. During the legislative process, opposing opinions were overwhelming, including concerns about the spread of leftist ideology, waste of budget and organization, and violation of neutrality and fairness in education. In addition, the passive attitude of field teachers and civic groups, who should be in charge of civic education, also served as a background for the legislative failure. Third, due to a lack of sharing of reliable information on recent theoretical research and global policy trends among stakeholders, legislation through an agreement between the ruling and opposition parties failed.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 2024

In this study, we summarized the definition of smart vegetable seedling production technology, analysis of smart seedling production system, a hardware and software configuration model for smart seedling production system, research and development trends in smart seedling production system, and proposed future research and development plans for smart seedling production technology. Smart vegetable seedling production is a data-based seedling production, management, and distribution system that utilizes 4th Industrial Revolution technology to improve seedling productivity and quality. The production of vegetable seedlings using smart seedling production technology can be efficiently managed by collecting, analyzing, and managing information on seedlings, environment, and tasks at each stage of production by linking with the smart seedling integrated management system. However, there is still a lack of standardization of seedling standards and quality for each vegetable crop to establish smart seeding production technology, as well as development of smart seedling production element technology, which requires national wide R&D support.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.36-44
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• 2024

Metaverse is attracting attention as the development of virtual environment technology and the emergence of untact culture due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, by analyzing users' reviews on the "Zepeto" application, which has recently attracted attention as a metaverse service, we tried to confirm changes in the requirements for the metaverse after the COVID-19 pandemic. To this end, 109,662 reviews of "Zepeto" applications written on the Google Play Store from September 2018 to March 2023 were collected, topics were extracted using LDA topic modeling technique, and topics were analyzed using the Causal Impact technique to examine how topics changed before and after based on "March 11, 2020" when the COVID-19 pandemic was declared. As a result of the analysis, five topics were extracted: application functional problems (topic1), security problems (topic 2), complaints about cryptocurrency (Zem) in the application (topic 3), application performance (topic 4), and personal information-related problems (topic 5). Among them, it was confirmed that security problems (topic 2) were most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.390-397
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• 2023

Introduction: Biological risks are a major global problem in the workplace. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for a more comprehensive understanding of the biological risks at work. This study presents data on both communicable infectious biological agents and noncommunicable factors leading to death and disability for the year 2021. Methods: We followed the methodology established by the International Labour Organization (ILO) in their past global estimates on occupational accidents and work-related diseases. We used relevant ILO estimates for hazardous substances and related population attributable fractions derived from literature, which were then applied to World Health Organization mortality data. The communicable diseases included in the estimates were tuberculosis, pneumococcal diseases, malaria, diarrheal diseases, other infectious diseases, neglected tropical diseases, influenza associated respiratory diseases and COVID-19. Noncommunicable diseases and injuries considered were Chronic Obstructive Diseases (COPD) due to organic dusts, asthma, allergic reactions and risks related to animal contact. We estimated death attributable to biological risk at work and disability in terms of disability adjusted life years (DALYs). Results: We estimated that in 2022, 550,819 deaths were caused by biological risk factors, with 476,000 deaths attributed to communicable infectious diseases and 74,000 deaths caused by noncommunicable factors. Among these, there were 223,650 deaths attributed to COVID-19 at work. We calculated the rate of 584 DALYs per 100,000 workers, representing an 11% increase from the previous estimate of the global burden of work-related disabilities measured by DALYs. Conclusion: This is a first update since previous 2007 ILO estimates, which has now increased by 74% and covers most biological risks factors. However, it is important to note that there may be other diseases and deaths are missing from the data, which need to be included when new information becomes available. It is also worth mentioning that while deaths caused by major communicable diseases including COVID-19 are relatively rare within the working population, absences from work due to these diseases are likely to be very common within the active workforce.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.53-71
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• 2024

Digital transformation calls for a new social contract that must transform the existing norms and paradigms of our society. Digital constitutionalism is a way of building new order through a new social contract and is an ideology that aims to establish and ensure a normative framework for the protection of fundamental rights and balance of power in the digital environment. The Internet/Digital Bill of Rights is a representative example of constitutionalization based on this ideology. Initially, it took the form of an informal, non-binding declaration led by civil society organizations or various stakeholders, setting forth normative principles adapted to the changing nature of digital society. More recently, they have taken the form of formal charters, declarations, or laws containing principles at the national or regional level. The "Digital Bill of Rights" proposed by the Korean government can be seen as an example of this trend, but it does not fully reflect the recent trend of Internet/Digital Bills of Rights in terms of substantive and procedural legitimacy. Even if the government provides a certain normative direction, it needs to be combined with a concrete action plan in each area to create a balance of norms with digital technologies and industries instead of simply being a "declaration".

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.61-67
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• 2024

Soldiers serving in military units and institutions are subject to strict security policies and technologies because they handle sensitive and confidential information related to national security, so they are likely to experience security stress. The purpose of this study is to recognize the need to manage the security stress of military personnel and to suggest management measures. To this end, a literature study was conducted on 12 KCI(Korean Journal Citation Index) journals dealing with security stress. Since 2016, research on security stress has been conducted mainly through empirical analysis through surveys. Studies related to security stress were divided into studies dealing with factors that affect stress, the relationship between security stress and security compliance intentions, and factors that reduce security stress. In particular, it was confirmed that factors such as organizational justice, organizational technical support, and security feedback can alleviate security stress. Next, by applying the results of this literature study to the defense security environment, we presented security stress management measures for military personnel in terms of improving security-related organizational justice awareness, technical support, and security feedback. The significance of this study is that we recognized the need to manage military personnel's security stress and reviewed practical measures related to this.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.96-109
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• 2024

Background: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa government initiated the Billion Tree Tsunami Afforestation Project including regeneration and afforestation approaches. An effort was made to assess the distribution characteristics of afforested species under present and future climatic scenarios using ecological niche modelling. For sustainable forest management, landscape ecology can play a significant role. A significant change in the potential distribution of tree species is expected globally with changing climate. Ecological niche modeling provides the valuable information about the current and future distribution of species that can play crucial role in deciding the potential sites for afforestation which can be used by government institutes for afforestation programs. In this context, the potential distribution of 8 tree species, Cedrus deodara, Dalbergia sissoo, Juglans regia, Pinus wallichiana, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Senegalia modesta, Populus ciliata, and Vachellia nilotica was modeled. Results: Maxent species distribution model was used to predict current and future distribution of tree species using bioclimatic variables along with soil type and elevation. Future climate scenarios, shared socio-economic pathways (SSP)2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 were considered for the years 2041-2060 and 2081-2100. The model predicted high risk of decreasing potential distribution under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 climate change scenarios for years 2041-2060 and 2081-2100, respectively. Recent afforestation conservation sites of these 8 tree species do not fall within their predicted potential habitat for SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 climate scenarios. Conclusions: Each tree species responded independently in terms of its potential habitat to future climatic conditions. Cedrus deodara and P. ciliata are predicted to migrate to higher altitude towards north in present and future climate scenarios. Habitat of D. sissoo, P. wallichiana, J. regia, and V. nilotica is practiced to be declined in future climate scenarios. Eucalyptus camaldulensis is expected to be expanded its suitability area in future with eastward shift. Senegalia modesta habitat increased in the middle of the century but decreased afterwards in later half of the century. The changing and shifting forests create challenges for sustainable landscapes. Therefore, the study is an attempt to provide management tools for monitoring the climate change-driven shifting of forest landscapes.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.33-44
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• 2023

The deep geological repository of high-level radioactive waste shall be designed to meet the safety objective set in the form of radiation dose or corresponding risk to protect human and the environment from radiation exposure. Engineering feasibility and conformity with the safety objective of the facility conceptual design can be demonstrated by comparing the assessment result using the computational model for scenario(s) describing the radionuclide release and transport from repository to biosphere system. In this study, as the preliminary study for developing the high-level radioactive waste disposal facility in Korea, we reviewed and analyzed the entire list of FEPs and how to handle each FEP from a general point of view, which are selected for the geosphere region in the radiological safety assessment performed for the license application of the KBS-3 type deep geological repository in Finland and Sweden. In Finland, five FEPs (i.e., stress redistribution, creep, stress redistribution, erosion and sedimentation in fractures, methane hydrate formation, and salt exclusion) were excluded or ignored in the radionuclide release and transport assessment. And, in Sweden, six FEPs (i.e., creep, surface weathering and erosion, erosion/sedimentation in fractures, methane hydrate formation, radiation effects (rock and grout), and earth current) were not considered for all time frames and earthquake out of a total of 25 FEPs for the geosphere. Based on these results, an FEP list (draft) for the geosphere was derived, and the relative importance of each item was evaluated for conducting the radiological safety assessment of the domestic deep geological disposal facility. Since most of information on the disposal facility in Korea has not been determined as of now, it is judged that all FEP items presented in Table 3 should be considered for the radiological safety assessment, and the relative importance derived from this study can be used in determining whether to apply each item in the future.