• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.228-240
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the dietary and other factors affecting bone mineral density (BMD) in older Korean women. A total of 340 women aged 65 to 74 were recruited from the Kugoksoondam area (Kurye, Goksung, Soonchang and Damyang counties), known as the longevity-belt region in Jeonla province, Korea. They were categorized into two groups according to bone status by T-score : a nonosteoporotic group and an osteoporotic group. Demographic characteristics were collected, as well as information on physical measurements, blood tests for biochemical indicators, health status health-related life style, dietary behavior, favorite food groups, nutrient intake and mini nutrition assessment (MNA). The results are as follows: The mean age of 185 nonosteoporotic women was 69.6 years and that of 155 osteoporotic women was 70.9 years (p<0.001). The mean T-score of the nonosteoporotic group was $-1.5mg/cm^3$ and that of theosteoporotic group was $-3.2mg/cm^3$ (p<0.001). Height and body weight in the nonosteoporotic group were significantly higher than in the osteoporotic group (p<0.001, respectively). There was no significant difference in BMI, although the BMI in the nonosteoporotic group was slightly higher. Waist and hip circumferences in the nonosteoporotic group were significantly higher than in the osteoporotic group (p<0.01, respectively), and the mid upper arm and calf circumferences were also significantly higher than in the osteoporotic group (p<0.001, p<0.01, respectively). The 5 m walking ability was significantly superior compared to the osteoporotic group. Serum levels did not show any significant differences between the groups and were within normal range. The serum total protein, albumin and Insulin-like growth factor (IGFs) levels of the nonosteoporotic group were significantly higher than those of the osteoporotic group (p<0.05, p<0.05, p<0.001, respectively). IGF was 104.7 ng/mL for the nonosteoporotic group and 88.1 ng/mL for the osteoporotic group. Physical activity and appetite in the nonosteoporotic group were significantly higher (p<0.01, p<0.05, respectively). The favorite food groups of the nonosteoporotic group comprised more meats and fish than those of the osteoporotic group (p<0.05, respectively). Nutrient intake was not significantly different, with the exception of niacin intake (p<0.05), but the nutrient intake of the nonosteoporotic group was slightly higher than that of the osteoporotic group. The niacin intake of the nonosteoporotic group and the osteoporotic group were 11.4 mgNE and 10.0 mgNE, corresponding to 103.6% and 90.9% of the Korean EAR, respectively. The MNA score of the nonosteoporotic group was significantly more favorable than for the osteoporotic group. In conclusion, it is necessary to maintain adequate body weight and muscle mass. Habitual physical activity may have a beneficial effect on BMD for older women. Dietary factors, such as meat and fish, higher intake of niacin rich foods and nutrient status for older women also appear to have favorable effects on bone mineral density.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.916-923
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• 1998

To provide more information on the enteric pathogen Campylobacter jejuni in the view of food sanitation, survival characteristics of two strains of C. jejuni in the different conditions were investigated. When $10^7{\;}or{\;}10^3{\;}per{\;}ml$ of C. jejuni cells were inoculated in the supplemented Brucella broth and kept at $42^{\circ}C,{\;}25^{\circ}C{\;}and{\;}5^{\circ}C$ under the static aerobic condition for 7 days, organisms exponentially proliferated to $a{\;}>10^8$, even in the $10^3{\;}per{\;}ml$ inoculated-sample at $42^{\circ}C{\;}for{\;}1{\sim}2{\;}days$ and the considerable level of viability maintained during 7 days. At $5^{\circ}C$, most of the initial level of organisms survived at the early period and only $a{\;}<{\;}0.5-log_{10}$ cells decrease were observed during the 7 days. At $25^{\circ}C$, a remarkable number of C. jejuni declined within $1{\sim}2{\;}days$ and showed undetectable level of cells after 4 days. When sterile milk and minced chicken meat were artifically inoculated with $10^7{\;}per{\;}ml$ of C. jejuni, mostly, a $1-to{\;}2-log_{10}$ count decrease occurred at $42^{\circ}C{\;}and{\;}5^{\circ}C$ while $a{\;}>3{\;}log_{10}$ decrease at $25^{\circ}C$ during 7 days. Unexpectedly, no colonies appeared on the plate inoculated from the minced chicken meat sample kept at $42^{\circ}C$ after 4 days. The results suggest that C. jejuni contaminated to food can survive at the refrigeration temperature whereas they are sensitive to at the room temperature. Also, it is shown that the growth of C. jejuni at the optimal temperature may vary to the food sources.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.977-983
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• 2002

This study was performed to establish the precise and rapid method to distinguish croakers through the pigment analysis of colored imported white croakers for adultration. We surveyed the coloring behaviors, extraction test by water and organic solvent and using pigments such as targeting, curcumine, and azo dye products. The pigment of yellow croaker is not stained on wet cloth or tissue which is rubbed on epidermis of yellow croaker and was not eluted in water extraction test, while adulterated pigments were easily extracted by water and acetone, but edible diluted yellow, Yellow No. 4 and Yellow No. 5 were not extracted. Reactive pigment was detected easily by extraction with water and dispersed pigment was also detected by extraction test. As a result of discoloring characteristics of carotene having similar structure to yellow croaker and azo dye by oxidation and reduction, azo dyes were not discolored by oxidation with sodium percarbonate or peracetic acid but that were discolored by oxidation with Fenton reagent after 1hr and by hypochlorite promptly. On the other hand, carotenes were not discolored by sodium precarbonate and Fenton reagent but discolored by sodium hypochlorite after 2 hr and by peracetic acid promptly. Azo dyes were discolored by reduction with sodium hydrosulfite and sodium carbonate but carotenes were not discolored by these reagents. This discoloring test was applicable to detect adulterated pigments and other marine product.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.57-65
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• 2016

Maeul-soop(Village forest) is a key element of Korean traditional village landscape historically and culturally. However, a number of Maeul-soops have been lost or declined due to various influences since the modern age. For this Maeul-soop that has a variety of conservation values including historical, cultural and ecological ones, attention and efforts for a systematic conservation and restoration of Maeul-soop are needed. The purpose of the present study is to provide information on ecological restoration and sustainable use and management of Maeul-soops based on component plant species, habitat and location characteristics of 499 Maeul-soops spread throughout Korea. Major six categories of threat factors to Maeul-soop ecosystem were identified and the influence of each factor was evaluated. For the evaluation of weight by threat factors for the influence on the vulnerability of Maeul-soop ecosystem, more three-dimensional analysis was conducted using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis method. In the results of evaluation using AHP analysis method, reduction of area, among six categories, was spotted as the biggest threat to existence of Maeul-soops. Next, changes in topography and soil environment were considered as a threat factor of qualitative changes in Maeul-soop ecosystem. Influence of vegetation structure and its qualitative changes on the loss or decline of Masul-soop was evaluated to be lower than that of changes in habitat. Based on weight of each factor, the figures were converted with 100 points being the highest score and the evaluation of vulnerability of Maeul-soop was conducted with the converted figures. In the result of evaluation of vulnerability of Maeul-soops, grade III showed the highest frequency and a normal distribution was formed from low grade to high grade. 38 Maeul-soops were evaluated as grade I which showed high naturality and 10 Maeul-soops were evaluated as grade V as their maintenance was threatened. Also in the results of evaluation of vulnerability of each Maeul-soop, restoration of Maeul-soop's own area was found as top priority to guarantee the sustainability of Maeul-soops. It was confirmed that there was a need to prepare a national level ecological response strategy for each vulnerability factor of Maeul-soop, which was important national ecological resources.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.5
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• pp.217-229
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• 2007

Many historical research and facet about modern art in Indonesia which formulating background of contemporary Indonesian Art. Indonesian art critic Sanento Yuliman states that Modern art has been rapidly developing in Indonesia since the Indonesian Independence in 1945. Modern Art is a part of the super culture of the Indonesian metropolitan and is closely related to the contact between the Indonesian and Western Cultures. Its birth was part of the nationalism project, when the Indonesian people consists of various ethnics were determined to become a new nation, the Indonesian nation, and they wished for a new culture, and therefore, a new art. The period 1960s, which was the beginning of the creation and development of the painters and the painters associations, was the first stage of the development of modern art in Indonesia. The second stage showed the important role of the higher education institutes for art. These institutes have developed since the 1950s and in the 1970s they were the main education institutes for painters and other artists. The artists awareness of the medium, forms or the organization of shapes were encouraged more intensely and these encouraged the exploring and experimental attitudes. Meanwhile, the information about the world's modern art, particularly Western Art; was widely and rapidly spread. The 1960s and 1970s were marked by the development of various abstractions and abstract art and the great number of explorations in various new media, like the experiment with collage, assemblage, mixed media. The works of the Neo Art Movement-group in the second half of the 1970s and in the 1980s shows environmental art and installations, influenced by the elements of popular art, from the commercial world and mass media, as well as the involvement of art in the social and environmental affairs. The issues about the environment, frequently launched by the intellectuals in the period of economic development starting in the 1970s, echoed among the artists, and they were widened in the social, art and cultural circles. The Indonesian economic development following the important change in the 1970s has caused a change in the life of the middle and upper class society, as has the change in various aspects of a big city, particularly Jakarta. The new genre emerged in 1975 which indicates contemporary art in Indonesia, when a group of young artists organized a movement, which was widely known as the Indonesian New Art Movement. This movement criticized international style, universalism and the long standing debate on an east-west-dichotomy. As far as the actual practice of the arts was concerned the movement criticized the domination of the art of painting and saw this as a sign of stagnation in Indonesian art development. Based on this criticism 'the movement' introduced ready-mades and installations (Jim Supangkat). Takes almost two decades that the New Art Movement activists were establishing Indonesian Installation art genre as contemporary paradigm and influenced the 1980's gene ration like, FX Harsono, Dadang Christanto, Arahmaiani, Tisna Sanjaya, Diyanto, Andarmanik, entering the 1990's decade as "rebellion period" ; reject towards established aesthetic mainstream i.e. painting, sculpture, graphic art which are insufficient to express "new language" and artistic needs especially to mediate social politic and cultural situation. Installation Art which contains open possibilities of creation become a vehicle for aesthetic establishment rejection and social politics stagnant expression in 1990s. Installation art accommodates two major field; first, the rejection of aesthetic establishment has a consequences an artists quest for medium; deconstruction models and cross disciplines into multi and intermedia i.e. performance, music, video etc. Second aspect is artists' social politic intention for changes, both conclude as characteristics of Indonesian Installation Art and establishing the freedom of expression in contemporary Indonesian Art until today.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.141-160
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• 2017

At present, the whole world is characterized by openness, cooperation and integration as a society with information and the world, and it requires creative talents for this. The competitiveness of the nation depends on the cultivation of creative talents. It demands anthropological value by improving the competitiveness of the nation through cultivating creative talents to share and care, not to cultivate creative talents for personal desires and accomplishments. The purpose of this study is to develop a teaching - learning process to develop integrated creative talents by applying the characteristics of integrated education curriculum at the base of the 2015 revised curriculum. To do this, we first extracted the content elements of the Clothing Life area of the revised curriculum from the 1st to 2015 and the contents of the Clothing Life area of the technology and home Economics textbooks to which the 2009 revision curriculum was applied. Five topics were extracted according to content selection criteria And The Theme of 'The selection and management of clothing' was selected. Researcher developed a integrated thematic instruction Home Economics Education Clothing Life teaching - learning process (hereinafter referred to as "the process") focused on the theme of 'selection and management of clothing'. The Process was composed of 5 basic classes [basic inquiry - content 1 - content 2 - depth study - application]. The process considers integration within the curriculum and interdepartmental integration, and aims to improve the personality, creativity, and problem solving ability of consideration and sharing in the course of the integrated class. In detail, the curriculum goals of the home Economics Education curriculum and ITI goals are presented separately in the curriculum developed for each process. At the stage of the class, the element of creativity and the element of personal education were exposed and applied to the class. In Korea, new curriculum has been revised and announced from time to time, making it difficult for the teacher to carry out the class in accordance with the paradigm of change. Home curriculum is closely related to real life, so it is an appropriate subject for an integrated subject. It has the educational significance of the subject in that it allows students to integrate the creative and personal elements that are limited in other subjects. ITI process will be helpful to teachers who need to implement the 2015 revised curriculum in which the theme-centered integrated home Economics education teaching-learning process is newly introduced. It is necessary to follow - up research to verify the effectiveness of how to improve students' problem - solving ability and cultivate creativity.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.4 no.1 s.6
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• pp.43-56
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• 2005

This research has examined a time series analysis(TSA) of an every hour traffic information such as occupancy, a traffic flow, and a speed, a statistical model of a surveyed data on the traffic fundamental diagram and an expand aspect of a traffic jam by many Parts of the traffic flow. Based on the detected data from traffic accidents on the Cheonan-Nonsan high way and events when the road volume decreases dramatically like traffic accidents it can be estimated from the change of occupancy right after accidents. When it comes to a traffic jam like events the changing gap of the occupancy and the mean speed is gentle, in addition to a quickness and an accuracy of a detection by the time series analyse of simple traffic index is weak. When it is a stable flow a relationship between the occupancy and a flow is a linear, which explain a very high reliability. In contrast, a platoon form presented by a wide deviation about an ideal speed of drivers is difficult to express by a statical model in a relationship between the speed and occupancy, In this case the speed drops shifty at 6$\~$8$\%$ occupancy. In case of an unstable flow, it is difficult to adopt a statistical model because the formation-clearance Process of a traffic jam is analyzed in each parts. Taken the formation-clearance process of a traffic jam by 2 parts division into consideration the flow having an accident is transferred to a stopped flow and the occupancy increases dramatically. When the flow recovers from a sloped flow to a free flow the occupancy which has increased dramatically decrease gradually and then traffic flow increases according as the result analyzed traffic flow by the multi regime as time series. When it is on the traffic jam the traffic flow transfers from an impeded free flow to a congested flow and then a jammed flow which is complicated more than on the accidents and the gap of traffic volume in each traffic conditions about a same occupancy is generated huge. This research presents a need of a multi-regime division when analyzing a traffic flow and for the future it needs a fixed quantity division and model about each traffic regimes.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.11-24
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• 2020

Objective : The Human Rights constitute one of the basic pillars of every work where persons are involved, such is the case of the occupational therapy field. Methods : In this study we investigate the human rights sensitivity and the advocacy activities of occupational therapists. The differences according to their characteristics, the relationship and the impact of the human rights sensitivity are examined and presented. Making use of online surveys 116 subjects participated in the study. Results : The measured average of human right sensitivity is 69.00 ± 17.67 point, being them distributed according to the following subcategories: to the perception of the situation corresponds 23.25±5.62 points, to the perception of the consequences 22.75±6.54 points and for the perception of the responsibility 23±6.54 points. In all the cases have been taken in account the equal rights, the right to education in disables, the right to pursue the happiness of the elderly, the right of the disables to have personal freedom, the privacy rights and the privacy rights for mental illness people. According to the working area the Human Right sensitiveness is higher in Seoul than in the Gyeongsang province meanwhile the advocacy activities is higher in Seoul and in Gyeonggi province than in Gyeongsang province. Depending of the type of service, general hospitals and rehabilitation/nursing hospitals showed higher human rights sensitivity than other service organizations According to the working field, occupational therapy group focused in elderly showed higher Human Right sensitivity than other fields. Professionals belonging groups of clinical experience from 3 to 5 years and from 6 to 10 years showed higher advocacy activities than professionals with more than 11 years of experience. A positive correlation was showed between the human rights sensitivity and the advocacy activities. For this situation, the human rights sensitiveness was divided in sub-categories in perception of the situation, perception of the consequences and perception of the responsibility. As showed by the result of multiple regression analyses the advocacy activities of human would grow up in accordance with the increase of the human rights sensitiveness of responsibility perception. Conclusion : Due to the actual lack of information, the collection and study of basic data is fundamental for the development of practical human rights educational programs and to emphasize the role of the defense of the human rights.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.73-82
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• 2012

Allele information from the analysis of the 13 microsatellite (MS) markers, were classified into the $F_0$, $F_1$ and $F_2$ generations, and probabilities of the same individual emergency in each generation was calculated. As a result, the 13 MS markers showed an estimate of $3.84{\times}10^{-23}$ on the premise of the randomly mated group of $F_2$, which implies that the same individuals may emerge by the use of 37 kinds of SNP markers. In this study, the experimental pigs were intercross between only 2 breeds (Korean native pig and Landrace). In addition, the success rate of paternity tests was analyzed on the whole group, by the use of the 13 MS markers and 37 SNP markers. As regards the exclusionary power of the second parent ($PE_{pu}$), MS markers and SNP markers showed 0.97897 and 0.99149, respectively. In relation to the parent exclusion power of both parent (PE), MS markers and SNP markers showed 0.99916 and 0.99949, respectively. In the case of the estimate to identify parental candidates that had the highest probability ($PNE_{pp}$), the two showed 1.00000 all. The Korean pig industry tends to mass produce hogs with limited numbers of alleles in limited parents. Such being the case, there is a need to organize a marker, for which it is imperative to find markers with high efficiency and high economic feasibility of the characteristics of DNA markers, sample size, the accuracy and expenses of genotyping cost, the manageability of data and the compatibility among analysis systems.

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
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• v.33 no.49
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• pp.323.1-323.12
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• 2018

Background: Vitamin K antagonist (VKA) to prevent thromboembolism in non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients has limitations such as drug interaction. This study investigated the clinical characteristics of Korean patients treated with VKA for stroke prevention and assessed quality of VKA therapy and treatment satisfaction. Methods: We conducted a multicenter, prospective, non-interventional study. Patients with $CHADS_2{\geq}1$ and treated with VKA (started within the last 3 months) were enrolled from April 2013 to March 2014. Demographic and clinical features including risk factors of stroke and VKA treatment information was collected at baseline. Treatment patterns and international normalized ratio (INR) level were evaluated during follow-up. Time in therapeutic range (TTR) > 60% indicated well-controlled INR. Treatment satisfaction on the VKA use was measured by Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM) after 3 months of follow-up. Results: A total of 877 patients (age, 67; male, 60%) were enrolled and followed up for one year. More than half of patients (56%) had $CHADS_2{\geq}2$ and 83.6% had $CHA_2DS_2-VASc{\geq}2$. A total of 852 patients had one or more INR measurement during their follow-up period. Among those patients, 25.5% discontinued VKA treatment during follow-up. Of all patients, 626 patients (73%) had poor-controlled INR (TTR < 60%) measure. Patients' treatment satisfaction measured with TSQM was 55.6 in global satisfaction domain. Conclusion: INR was poorly controlled in Korean NVAF patients treated with VKA. VKA users also showed low treatment satisfaction.