Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture (한국전통조경학회지)

Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture (한국전통조경학회)
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The Development of Vulnerable Elements and Assessment of Vulnerability of Maeul-soop Ecosystem in Korea

한국 마을숲 생태계 취약요소 발굴 및 취약성 평가

  • Lim, Jeong-Cheol (National Wetlands Center. National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Ryu, Tae-Bok (Division of Ecological Conservation. National Institute of Ecology) ;
  • Ahn, Kyeong-Hwan (Natural Environment Research Division. National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Choi, Byoung-Ki (Dept. of Molecular Biology. Dongeui University)
  • Received : 2016.08.19
  • Accepted : 2016.09.30
  • Published : 2016.12.19
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Abstract

Maeul-soop(Village forest) is a key element of Korean traditional village landscape historically and culturally. However, a number of Maeul-soops have been lost or declined due to various influences since the modern age. For this Maeul-soop that has a variety of conservation values including historical, cultural and ecological ones, attention and efforts for a systematic conservation and restoration of Maeul-soop are needed. The purpose of the present study is to provide information on ecological restoration and sustainable use and management of Maeul-soops based on component plant species, habitat and location characteristics of 499 Maeul-soops spread throughout Korea. Major six categories of threat factors to Maeul-soop ecosystem were identified and the influence of each factor was evaluated. For the evaluation of weight by threat factors for the influence on the vulnerability of Maeul-soop ecosystem, more three-dimensional analysis was conducted using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis method. In the results of evaluation using AHP analysis method, reduction of area, among six categories, was spotted as the biggest threat to existence of Maeul-soops. Next, changes in topography and soil environment were considered as a threat factor of qualitative changes in Maeul-soop ecosystem. Influence of vegetation structure and its qualitative changes on the loss or decline of Masul-soop was evaluated to be lower than that of changes in habitat. Based on weight of each factor, the figures were converted with 100 points being the highest score and the evaluation of vulnerability of Maeul-soop was conducted with the converted figures. In the result of evaluation of vulnerability of Maeul-soops, grade III showed the highest frequency and a normal distribution was formed from low grade to high grade. 38 Maeul-soops were evaluated as grade I which showed high naturality and 10 Maeul-soops were evaluated as grade V as their maintenance was threatened. Also in the results of evaluation of vulnerability of each Maeul-soop, restoration of Maeul-soop's own area was found as top priority to guarantee the sustainability of Maeul-soops. It was confirmed that there was a need to prepare a national level ecological response strategy for each vulnerability factor of Maeul-soop, which was important national ecological resources.

마을숲은 역사적, 문화적으로 한국 전통 마을경관의 핵심요소이다. 그러나 근대 이후 다양한 영향으로 많은 수의 마을숲이 소실되었거나 쇠퇴되고 있는 실정이다. 역사적, 문화적, 생태적 다양한 보전가치를 가진 마을숲의 체계적 보전 및 복원을 위한 관심과 노력이 필요한 시점이다. 본 연구는 한국 전역에 분포하고 있는 499개의 마을숲에 대하여 구성 식물종 및 서식처, 입지 특성 등을 바탕으로 국내 마을숲에 대한 생태학적 복원 및 지속가능한 이용과 관리 등에 관한 정보를 제공하고자 하였다. 마을숲 생태계를 위협하는 대표적인 6가지 범주의 위협요인을 발굴하고 각 요인별 영향력을 평가하였다. 마을숲 생태계 취약성에 미치는 영향의 정도에 대해 위협요인별 가중치 평가를 AHP 분석기법을 이용하여 보다 입체적으로 분석하였다. AHP 분석기법을 이용한 평가결과 6가지 범주 가운데 면적 축소가 국내 마을숲의 존립에 가장 큰 위협요인으로 지목되었다. 그 다음으로 지형, 토양환경 변화가 마을숲 생태계를 질적으로 변화시키는 위협 요인으로 고려되었다. 식생의 구조와 질적 변화는 서식처 변화보다 마을숲 소실 및 쇠퇴에 낮은 영향을 미칠 것으로 평가되었다. 각 요인별 가중치를 바탕으로 100점을 최고점으로 수치를 환산한 평가틀을 이용하여 마을숲에 대한 취약성 평가가 이루어졌다. 국내 마을숲의 취약성 평가결과 가장 빈도 높은 값을 보이는 등급은 III등급이며, 낮은 등급에서 높은 등급으로 정규분포 경향을 보였다. 높은 자연성을 보이는 I등급의 마을숲이 38개소 존재했으며, 취약요인들에 의해 마을숲 존폐를 위협받는 V등급의 마을숲도 10개소 확인되었다. 각 마을숲별 취약성 평가결과에서도 국내 마을숲의 지속가능성 보장을 위해 마을숲 고유의 면적 회복이 최우선 과제로 대두되었다. 국가 중요 생태자원으로서 각각의 취약요소별 국가수준의 생태적 대응전략 마련이 필요한 것으로 확인되었다.

Keywords

References

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