• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.489-504
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study examined socio-economic differences in diverse food consumption among children 6-23 months of age in South Asia and Southeast Asian countries. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Data from Demographic and Health Surveys in four countries in South Asia (n = 15,749) and four countries in Southeast Asia (n = 10,789) were used. Survey-design adjusted proportions were estimated for the following 10 food items: grains, legumes, dark green leafy vegetables (DGLV), vitamin A-rich fruits, vitamin A-rich vegetables, other fruits and vegetables (OFV), fish, meat, dairy, and eggs. An equity gap was defined as an arithmetic difference in the proportion of each food item consumed in the past 24-hours between the wealthiest and lowest quintiles and between rural and urban areas, denoted by percentage points (pp). RESULTS: The consumption of most of the 10 food items was higher in the wealthiest quintiles and urban areas across eight countries. The size of equity gaps was greater in Southeast Asia than in South Asia, particularly for vitamin A-rich fruits (3.3-30.0 pp vs. 0.3-19.6 pp), vitamin A-rich vegetables (12.1-26.7 pp vs. 2.4-5.9 pp), meat (17.7-33.4 pp vs. 3.4-13.4 pp), and dairy (14.7-32.5 pp vs. 3.3-11.4 pp). However, the size of equity gap in egg consumption was greater in Southeast Asia than South Asia (11.2-19.8 pp vs. 11.0-26.7 pp). Relatively narrower gaps were seen in the consumption of grains (0.3-12.9 pp), DGLV (0.6-12.4 pp), and fish (0.1-16.8 pp) across all countries. CONCLUSIONS: Equity gaps in food consumption differed by socio-economic status and region. Reducing equity gaps in nutrient-rich foods and utilizing regionally available food resources may increase child dietary quality.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.24-34
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• 2020

The Korean Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued the guidelines about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) for children and adolescents. Case definitions and management of COVID-19 in neonates, infants, children and adolescents are presented in this guideline. In addition, guidelines for caregiver management are also provided. In this review, we introduce the contents of the current guidelines for COVID-19 in children and adolescents in Korea.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.302-307
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• 2003

The long-term clinical issues in Kawasaki disease are concerned with the coronary artery lesions that result in aneurysmal formation, thrombotic occlusion, progression to ischemic heart disease, and premature atherosclerosis. We here report a 3 month old infant with Kawasaki disease complicated by giant coronary aneurysm with thrombosis. After urokinase(10,000 IU/kg) and heparin(400 IU/kg) were injected for two days as thrombolytic agents, thrombi were successfully dissolved. Even though long-term oral anticoagulation with low-dose aspirin, dipyridamole and coumadin were administered, thrombosis of the left main coronary artery was slowly increased. five years later, coronary angiography showed nearly total occlusion of the left anterior descending artery and collaterals from the right posterior branch and radionuclide scan demonstrated complete reversible perfusion defect of several portions of the left ventricle.

• 재활복지
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.207-220
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to determine the parent-perceived effect of adaptive seating devices on the lives of infant or young children with physical and brain lesion disabilities(age 1-13y) and their families. Using the seating device for disabled parents of 42 people with disabilities who use FIATS-AS to investigate functional outcomes. All parents completed the FIATS-AS 4 times-2 times before and 2 times after their child received a new adaptive seating system. Repeated-measures analysis of variance detected significant mean differences among the FIATS-AS scores. Also to estimating the impact of the new seating intervention for the 3 age cohorts using the FIATS-AS scores. The FIATS-AS detected a significant interaction between age cohort and interview time. Providing adaptive seating devices has been found that the positive effects on guardians. The change was significant in 1~7 years of age. Environmental modification, such as seating and other assistive technology devices, may have an important role to play in the lives of young children with disabilities and their families.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.683-699
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• 2007

This study applied the choice experiment (CE) method to measure values of statistical lives from multi-attributed mortality risk reduction choices. The four characteristics of mortality risk (i.e. cause of death, voluntariness of mortality risk, timing of death, magnitude of mortality risk reduction) are utilized to design the alternatives of choice sets. The estimation results for the multinomial logit model show that individuals are willing to pay 27,930 won per year for a change from the status quo to a $\frac{1}{100}$ mortality risk reduction for 10 years, 116,773 won per year for mortality risk reduction associated with adults, 97,682 won per year for voluntary mortality risk reduction, 77,234 won per year for involuntary mortality risk reduction. There were several estimates of VSL related to different attributes of mortality risk. The mean VSLs of infant/child/young adult ranged from 1,165 million won to 1,367 million won. The mean VSLs ranged from 1,631 million won to 1,833 million won for adult, and were between 1,128 million won and 1,330 million won for old person.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2002

Diagnosing Hirschsprung's disease is a clinical challenge. Hirschsprung's disease should be considered in any child who has a history of constipation dating back to the newborn period. We examined diagnostic methods and their results retrospectively in 37 neonates and infants who underwent both barium enema and anorectal manometry for the diagnosis of Hirschsprungs disease at Asan Medical Center between January 1999 and April 2001. Two radiologists and a surgeon repeatedly reviewed both of the diagnostic results. In anorectal manometry, thirty-four studies were in agreement with the definitive diagnosis, giving an overall diagnostic accuracy of 91.9 % (neonate; 100 %, infant; 85.7 %). The accuracy and specificity of barium enema was lower than those of anorectal manometry, but sensitivity was higher. There was no significant difference between the two methods. Both studies showed findings consistent with the final diagnosis. However, discordant results needed further evaluation or close observation to diagnose accurately. We conclude that Hirschsprungs disease should not be diagnosed by only one diagnostic method.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.107-115
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• 1992

This retrospective study was conducted to investigate the growth of children and their care person's weaning behaviors and its relation between the growth and care person's attitude and behaviors about weaning. 272 subjects who had child under 2 years old at that time were randomly selected and answered the special questionnaire. Results were as follows: Using to Kaup index, 13.4% of children were estimated undernutrition, 60.6% were normal and 26.0% were estimated overnutrition. 97.6% of respondant (children's mother) were recognized the need of weaning and the first prurpose of weaning was supplement of nutrients, and the next one was to set up normal food habits. 39.1% of subjects were used normal adult foods as weaning food. 60.9% of subjects were proepared special foods (making at home or buying commercial weaning food). The socioeconomic status was major factor to influence mother's behaviors about weaning. Vegetable and meat gruel was the most commen weaning food and the next one was fruits puree and rice with soup. The correlationship were found between Kaup index and the score of mother's weaning behaviors, between momer's eductional level and the score of weanig behaviors. 96% of subjects wanted nutritional education about weaning. They wanted to know about desirable weaning process and correct informations of commercial weaning foods mid the convenient cooking methods. According to the difference of socioeconomic status subjects were wanted different eductional methods. Upper socioeconomic group wanted special books about weaning and lower class wanted to be educted through the mass media especially television programs.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.203-209
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• 1974

This study is intended to comparison of the recent ideal number of children and atrial approach for analyzing value system for children that form attitude affecting birth control with earlier study conducted 10 years ago. In general the traditional fertility pattern of Korea may be considered as 'early marriage and high fertility' backed by the confucian value system of a farming-oriented country. A selective attitude favoring sons contributes substantially to fertility. But Korea is now moving toward a late marriage and fertility pattern. This has been due to the repid introduction of western culture and a partial acceptance of western value systems, a relative weakening of traditional value systems, a gradual increase in infant and child servival rates thresh medicines, and a desire to avoid having too many children because of economic poverty. This study showed following results: Ideal number of sons and daughters in urban area was decreased by 0.2 respectively compared to earlier study. In rural area, the number of decrease of sons and daughters was 0.5 and 0.2 respectively. The conception concerning Happiness has changed to wealth from health in previous opinion. Regarding attitude toward having sons, 98 percent of them wanted to have sons positively, moreover 10 percent of them wanted two or more sons. Regarding reasons for the wanting sons, we see that economic and traditional considerations, such as dependance in old age, and inheritance of the family line, are a principle concern of about 56 percent in both areas. The rate of dependence in old age was decreased conspicuously compare to previous study while the rate of helding rituals was increased remarkably in rural area. Among reasons for limiting family size. 'for better living and for better education for their children were main rasons reted 46 percent in urban, 51 percent in rural areas. The rates were not changed compare to previous study. Regarding attitude of those who have no son or children, the rate of re-marriage with second wife was decreased remarkably in rural area and the rate of living without special behaivor for having son was increased compare to previous study.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.5-28
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• 2014

South Korea has strengthened the eligibility criteria for childcare teachers while amending the Infant Care Act in January 2005 in order to improve the quality of childcare services. Since then, there was a change in the legal basis related to childcare staff such as introduction of national certification of childcare center directors, name change, strengthened qualification standards for directors and teachers, training system maintenance and repair, strengthened credit standards of teachers' care related qualification courses, and maintenance provisions of continuing education nursery teacher qualifications. And that is because childcare staff are closely related to the quality of childcare, and a very important variable who has direct influence on infants. This study, through literature research and analysis, describes the status and development direction of childcare staff. This study covers three main aspects. First, the relevant historical flow was reviewed and the concepts of the role, expertise, and legal status of childcare staff were investigated. Second, staff training institutions, emissions certification, employment, and the status of treatment were investigated. Third, development direction for the training system, eligibility criteria, continuing education and its training system, and treatment improvement were proposed.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 2022

Background: This study compares and analyzes the degree of oral health information literacy by 25% for upper and lower grades to assess how differences in mothers' oral health information literacy affect infants' oral health behavior. Methods: The study surveyed 201 mothers with infants and children using a 36 question survey tool. Cross-analysis was conducted to determine the difference in oral health information literacy between the upper and the lower 25%. Results: Comparing 25% of the upper and lower grades of verbal oral health information literacy scores, the word with the most significant difference in the correct answer was resin. An item asking about the time to eat after fluoride varnish application showed the most significant difference in the correct answer on the functional oral health information literacy scale. Mothers' oral and functional oral health information literacy scores showed that verbal literacy was statistically significant for brushing guidance after children's meals, brushing guidance before children's bedtime, food intake restrictions before bedtime, and restrictions on consumption of cavity-inducing foods (p<0.05). Functional literacy was statistically significant in the post-brushing test of children and the correct brushing method map items (p<0.05). Conclusion: As a result of comparing and analyzing the upper and lower 25% of the mother's oral health information literacy, it was found that the mother's oral health information literacy affected the infant's oral health behavior. Therefore, systematic education is needed to raise literacy by grasping the level of oral health information literacy of mothers, and oral health education by level according to oral health information literacy should be developed.