• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.31-39
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• 2014

PURPOSES : Surface treatment material for pavement preventive maintenance should be inspected field applicability. This study(Part II) aimed to checkup coating characteristics and performance analysis using lab and field tests. The hydrophobic - low viscosity filling material for pavement preventive maintenance is presented in Part I, which is a series of companion study. METHODS : Relative comparison between general asphalt mixtures and surface treatment asphalt mixtures are analyzed and measured for the field application such as indirect tensile strength ratio(TSR), abrasion resistance, crack propagation resistance, temperature resistance, coating thickness, permeability resistance and skid resistance in terms of british pendulum number(BPN). RESULTS : It is found that TSR, crack propagation resistance and permeability resistance is increased as against uncoated asphalt specimen. Abrasion resistance and temperature resistance is secured from the initial coating thickness point of view, which is about 0.2~0.3mm. Skid resistance on the surface treatment pavement is satisfied with the BPN criteria of national highway because of exposed aggregate and crack sill induced pavement deterioration and damage cracks. CONCLUSIONS : The hydrophobic - low viscosity surface treatment material for pavement preventive maintenance is validated on field applicability evaluation based on quantitative analysis of coating thickness and performance analysis using lab and field tests.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.336-342
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• 2010

Obesity-induced disorders contribute to the development of metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance, fatty liver diseases, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). In this study, we evaluated the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of aloe formula in high fat diet (HFD)-fed C57BL/6N mice. Male mice fed HFD for 28 weeks received a supplement of aloe formula, PAG, ALS, Aloe QDM, and an Aloe QDM complex for a further 8 weeks and were then compared with regular diet fed mice. After the experimental period, the blood glucose levels of the Aloe QDM complex-and PGZ-supplemented mice were significantly lower than those of the HFD-fed mice. Aloe formula, especially the Aloe QDM complex, and the PGZ treatment group profoundly affected the IPGTT and HOMA-IR. Immunochemistry was done for the morphological observation and the resulting sizes of adipocytes around the epididymis were significantly decreased when comparing the aloe formula-treated and HFD-fed groups. Further, aloe formula decreased mRNA expression of fatty acid synthesis enzymes and led to reduced hepatic steatosis in both liver and WAT. These results suggest that supplementation of Aloe QDM complex in the HFD-fed mice improved insulin resistance by lowering blood glucose levels and reducing adipocytes. Our data suggest that dietary aloe formula reduces obesity-induced glucose tolerance by suppressing fatty acid synthesis in the WAT and liver, both of which are important peripheral tissues affecting insulin resistance. The Aloe QDM complex could be used as a nutritional intervention against T2D.

• BMB Reports
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• v.52 no.9
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• pp.566-571
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• 2019

Lymphoma is one of the most curable types of cancer. However, drug resistance is the main challenge faced in lymphoma treatment. Peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX1) is the rate-limiting enzyme in fatty acid ${\beta}$-oxidation. Deregulation of ACOX1 has been linked to peroxisomal disorders and carcinogenesis in the liver. Currently, there is no information about the function of ACOX1 in lymphoma. In this study, we found that upregulation of ACOX1 promoted proliferation in lymphoma cells, while downregulation of ACOX1 inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis. Additionally, overexpression of ACOX1 increased resistance to doxorubicin, while suppression of ACOX1 expression markedly potentiated doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. Interestingly, downregulation of ACOX1 promoted mitochondrial location of Bad, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and provoked apoptosis by activating caspase-9 and caspase-3 related apoptotic pathway. Overexpression of ACOX1 alleviated doxorubicin-induced activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 and decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential. Importantly, downregulation of ACOX1 increased p73, but not p53, expression. p73 expression was critical for apoptosis induction induced by ACOX1 downregulation. Also, overexpression of ACOX1 significantly reduced stability of p73 protein thereby reducing p73 expression. Thus, our study indicated that suppression of ACOX1 could be a novel and effective approach for treatment of lymphoma.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.71-77
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• 2018

Resistance to Tomato spotted wilt virus isolated from paprika (TSWV-Pap) was overcome at high temperatures ($30{\pm}2^{\circ}C$) in both accessions of Capsicum annuum S3669 (Hana Seed Company) and C. chinense PI15225 (AVRDC Vegetable Genetic Resources). S3669 and PI15225, which carrying the Tsw gene, were mechanically inoculated with TSWV-Pap, and then maintained in growth chambers at temperatures ranging from $15{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ to $30{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ (in $5^{\circ}C$ increments). Seven days post inoculation (dpi), a hypersensitivity reaction (HR) was induced in inoculated leaves of PI152225 and S3669 plants maintained at $25{\pm}2^{\circ}C$. Meanwhile, necrotic spots were formed in upper leaves of 33% of PI15225 plants maintained at $30{\pm}2^{\circ}C$, while systemic mottle symptoms developed in 50% of S3669 plants inoculated. By 15 dpi, 25% of S3669 plants had recovered from systemic mottling induced at $30{\pm}2^{\circ}C$. These results demonstrated that resistance to TSWV-Pap can be overcome at higher temperatures in both C. chinense and C. annuum. This is the first study reporting the determination of temperatures at which TSWV resistance is overcome in a C. annuum genetic resource expressing the Tsw gene. Our results indicated that TSWV resistance shown from pepper plants possess the Tsw gene could be overcome at high temperature. Thus, breeders should conduct evaluation of TSWV resistance in pepper cultivars at higher temperature than $30^{\circ}C$ (constant temperature).

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.402-409
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• 2017

Cyclic dipeptides (CDPs) are one of the simplest compounds produced by living organisms. Plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) also produce CDPs that can induce disease resistance. Bacillus vallismortis strain BS07 producing various CDPs has been evaluated as a potential biocontrol agent against multiple plant pathogens in chili pepper. However, plant signal pathway triggered by CDPs has not been fully elucidated yet. Here we introduce four CDPs, cyclo(Gly-L-Pro) previously identified from Aspergillus sp., and cyclo(L-Ala-L-Ile), cyclo(L-Ala-L-Leu), and cyclo(L-Leu-L-Pro) identified from B. vallismortis BS07, which induce disease resistance in Arabidopsis against Pseudomonas syringae infection. The CDPs do not directly inhibit fungal and oomycete growth in vitro. These CDPs require PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT4, SALICYLIC ACID INDUCTION DEFICIENT2, and NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEINS1 important for salicylic acid-dependent defense to induce resistance. On the other hand, regulators involved in jasmonate-dependent event, such as ETHYLENE RECEPTOR1, JASMONATE RESPONSE1, and JASMONATE INSENSITIVE1, are necessary to the CDP-induced resistance. Furthermore, treatment of these CDPs primes Arabidopsis plants to rapidly express PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEIN4 at early infection phase. Taken together, we propose that these CDPs from PGPR strains accelerate activation of jasmonate-related signaling pathway during infection.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.320-326
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• 2015

The clinical benefits of oncogenic BRAF inhibitor therapies are limited by the emergence of drug resistance. In this study, we investigated the role of a negative regulator of the MAPK pathway, Spry2, in acquired resistance using BRAF inhibitor-resistant derivatives of the BRAF-V600E melanoma (A375P/Mdr). Real-time RT-PCR analysis indicated that the expression of Spry2 was higher in A375P cells harboring the BRAF V600E mutation compared with wild-type BRAF-bearing cells (SK-MEL-2) that are resistant to BRAF inhibitors. This result suggests the ability of BRAF V600E to evade feedback suppression in cell lines with BRAF V600E mutations despite high Spry2 expression. Most interestingly, Spry2 exhibited strongly reduced expression in A375P/Mdr cells with acquired resistance to BRAF inhibitors. Furthermore, the overexpression of Spry2 partially restored sensitivity to the BRAF inhibitor PLX4720 in two BRAF inhibitor-resistant cells, indicating a positive role for Spry2 in the growth inhibition induced by BRAF inhibitors. On the other hand, long-term treatment with PLX4720 induced pERK reactivation following BRAF inhibition in A375P cells, indicating that negative feedback including Spry2 may be bypassed in BRAF mutant melanoma cells. In addition, the siRNA-mediated knockdown of Raf-1 attenuated the rebound activation of ERK stimulated by PLX4720 in A375P cells, strongly suggesting the positive role of Raf-1 kinase in ERK activation in response to BRAF inhibition. Taken together, these data suggest that RAF signaling may be released from negative feedback inhibition through interacting with Spry2, leading to ERK rebound and, consequently, the induction of acquired resistance to BRAF inhibitors.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1998.07c
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• pp.1179-1181
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• 1998

This paper describes the induced voltage of sheath on 154kV transmission power cable in multi fault states. Simulation was carried out to obtain the induced voltage of sheath according to change of, fault angle and grounding resistance using EMTP. Modeling of cable system is also established in EMTP to analyze. The simulation results can be useful reference to design cable system in power system.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.16
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• pp.6831-6839
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• 2015

Multidrug resistance is a principal mechanism by which tumors become resistant to structurally and functionally unrelated anticancer drugs. Resistance to chemotherapy has been correlated with overexpression of p-glycoprotein (p-gp), a member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily of membrane transporters. P-gp mediates resistance to a broad-spectrum of anticancer drugs including doxorubicin, taxol, and vinca alkaloids by actively expelling the drugs from cells. Use of specific inhibitors/blocker of p-gp in combination with clinically important anticancer drugs has emerged as a new paradigm for overcoming multidrug resistance. The aim of this paper is to review p-gp regulation by dietary nutraceuticals and to correlate this dietary nutraceutical induced-modulation of p-gp with activity of anticancer drugs.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.270-277
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• 1999

The ballistic capability of an alumina-rich oxide armor ceramic against a shaped jet was characterized as a function of penetration depth in a layered target structure. The penetration resistance of the ceramic, based upon the determination of penetration velocity, was not equally realized throughout the depth of penetration. It was abnormally low at an early stage of penetration, followed by a sudden increase to reach ~16GPa thereafter. There was no apparent change in such a profile with respect to the lateral size of the specimen. Based upon 2-D flash x-ray radiography and 3-D Hull code simulation, the feasibility of forming a pressure-induced predamnaged zone in front of the jet tip was speculated to foster an increased penetration velocity in the initial stage penetration, resulting in the diminished penetration resistance. The disappearance of such a predamaged zone with penetration was interpreted to restore the resistance of the ceramic in the later penetration stage.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.319-322
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• 1999

In order to obtain bacterial metabolites inducing disease resistance in pepper plant, two hundred bacterial isolates were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of tobacco, cucumber, and pepper plant. Ethyl acetate extract of each bacterial culture was used to screening for induction of resistance against phytophthora blight of pepper plant. Application of ethyl acetate extract of an isolate SH122 culture to pepper plant conferred resistance against phytophthora blight consistently and significantly. According to cellular fatty acid analysis and other characteristics, the SH122 culture were significantly lower than those on control plants treated with ethyl acetate extract of nutrient broth. The B. pumilus SH122 itself of ethyl acetate extract of its culture did not show antifungal activity against phytophthora blight in pepper plants.