• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.933-941
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• 2021

This research aims to test the effect of corporate governance factors on corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure and its impact on a company's financial performance. The factors of corporate governance referred to in this research are foreign ownership, state ownership, number of board of commissioners, the proportion of independent commissioners, and educational background of commissioners' board. Based on the purposive sampling method, 194 companies were selected with a total of 582 observations. The data analysis used in this study was the Structural Equation Model (SEM) approach by using the alternative Partial Least Square (PLS) method. The results of this research indicated that state ownership, number of board of commissioners, and the proportion of independent commissioners had a significant positive effect on CSR disclosure. While the foreign ownership and the educational background of the commissioners' board have had an insignificant effect on CSR disclosure. Then, CSR disclosure had a significant positive effect on the companies' financial performance. The findings of this study suggest that the positive effect of the CSR disclosure on performance is because the disclosure is able to improve the company's reputation; the more social activities are carried out will improve the customers' loyalty as well as the support from other stakeholders which in turns will improve the company's performance.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.863-866
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• 2016

Background: Extensive efforts have been made to investigate c-KIT expression in lung cancer specimens and its correlation with clinical outcomes, but the issue remains unresolved. Thus, this study will be conducted to clarify the prognostic value of c-KIT expression in lung cancer patients. Materials and Methods: We will search Pubmed, SCOPUS, and ISI web of sciences with no restriction of language. Studies with any design (except case reports or case series) evaluating correlations of c-KIT expression with survival or outcome in patients with lung cancer will be included. The outcome measures will include all types of survival indexes, including overall survival rate and disease free survival using Kaplan-Meier analysis and hazard ratios. Study selection and data extraction will be performed by two independent researchers. Quality assessment (assessment of risk of bias) and data synthesis will be implemented using Stata software version 11.1. Results: No ethical issues are predicted. These findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at national and international conferences. Conclusions: This systematic review protocol is registered in the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, registration number = CRD42015023391.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.1176-1185
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• 2023

Introduction: Non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) is the most common subtype of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This study aims to synthesize evidence on the efficacy and safety of various herbal medicines for the treatment of NERD. Methods and analysis: Ten electronic databases will be examined: MEDLINE (via PubMed), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, Citation Information by Nii, Korean Medical Database, Korean Studies Information Service System, National Digital Science Library, and Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System. All randomized controlled trials published from inception to May 2023 that meet the eligibility criteria will be selected. Two independent researchers will extract data, such as publication year, study design, intervention details, outcome measures, main results, and adverse events. The risk of bias and quality of evidence will be assessed, and subgroup analyses will be performed according to the type of control intervention and herbal medicine. The analysis process will be conducted using Review Manager 5.4 software. Discussion: This review will present a summary and rationale for herbal medicine's effectiveness in treating NERD. The findings of this review can help those who want to apply herbal medicine to the treatment of NERD.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.13-22
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• 1999

The purpose of this research is to examine resource characteristics affecting the overall recreation suitability of natural recreation forest. On the basis of resource-based approach, we had constructed a conceptual framework for this research and found one dependent variable of the overall recreation suitability and eight independent variables, representing characteristics of recreation resource. After questionnaire surveying of 690 visitors from 10 among 72 natural recreation forests in Korea. We have analyzed the data using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression method. We have found that 1) physical factor of recreation resources turned out to be statistically insignificant and the direction of relationship between independent variable and dependent variable is the same as that of dependent variable, 2) noise, sound and smell turned out to be the most important variable in terms of magnitude of independent variable and wild life turned out to be the next important variable, and 3) noise, sound and smell turned out to have aboutn 3.3 times greater thant that of landscape, judging from the absolute value of standardized regression coefficient. The research findings can be used for planning and designing of natural recreation forests based on recreation suitability of forest resources, and will provide pertinent guidelines for management of recreation resources of natural recreation forests. The approach and method of evaluating recreation suitability employed in this research provide us valid and reliable results and will be highly useful in other resource-based recreation development. We suggest that the differences in recreation suitability between private and public recreation forests and the relationship between user-satisfaction and recreation suitability of natural recreation forests must be examined in the future research.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.123-133
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• 2018

본 연구는 물리치료 인식도 개선에 필요한 기초자료를 제시하고, 자립개설에 관한 의식도를 알아보기 위하여 경남지역 물리치료사 175명을 대상으로 실시되었다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 10.0 통계 프로그램을 이용하여 일반적 특성, 현재의 근무처 및 소속여건, 직무만족도에 대한 연구는 카이제곱검정의 빈도분석을, 자립개설에 관한 연구는 EXCEL 프로그램을 사용하였다. 통계적 유의순준 a는 0.05로 선정하였다. 성별에 따른 물리치료에 대한 흥미도는 남자가 52.2%로 여자보다 높게 나타났고, 자기능력 발전에 대해 종합병원이 32.8%로 의원보다 만족하는 것으로 나타났다. 자립개설에 대한 찬반의견은 83.4%가 찬성하였고, 자립개설 시 가장 먼저 해야 할 일은 전문적인 이론 및 임상 치료기술 습득이 57.5%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 개설 분야는 근골격계 물리치료가 45.2%, 자립개설 시 가장 걸림돌로 작용하는 것은 의사의 의식 39.7%로 나타났다. 자립개설이 이루어지기 위해서는 물리치료사들의 전문적인 이론 및 임상치료기술을 습득하고, 물리치료사와 의사간의 의식 개선이 필요할 것으로 생각된다. 또한 물리치료 관련학과를 4년제로 일원화해야 할 것이며, 물리치료사의 자립개설에 대한 법제화가 반드시 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.135-148
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• 2006

독립성분분석은 차원이 높은 다변량데이타로부터 기저구조를 형성하는 독립성분을 분리하는데 사용되는 기법으로서 패턴인식, 예측 등 2차적 분석을 위한 1차 분석단계에서 사용할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 독립성분분석을 이용하여 여러 혼합물 데이터로부터 독립성분을 분리한 다음 각 구성성분의 혼합비율을 예측하는 절차를 제안한다. 적용예로서 도금강판의 엑스선 회절강도값으로부터 여러가지 상을 분리한 다음 비음최소자승법을 이용하여 각 상의 분율을 예측하였으며, 이러한 제안방안의 타당성 평가를 위하여 모의 실험을 실시하였다.

• 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.513-526
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• 2009

학교교육에서 확률의 독립사건의 정의 P(B | A)=P(B)가 직관적으로 설명할 수 없고 실생활과 다른 개념으로 잘 못 판단되어 질 수 있는 원인을 분석하고, 확률의 독립사건의 전형적인 문제와 정리들을 이용하여 실생활 개념과 정확하게 일치하고 직관적으로 설명 가능하다는 사실을 '구술형식'으로 논증한다. 확률과 통계 단원은 물리와 유사한 자연현상과 실생활에 더 밀접한 학문이므로 '수리식'을 보완한 '구술형식'의 보급은 불가피하다. 따라서 확률교육에서 오랜 기간 지속되어 온 '수리식'을 보완하여 '수리식'이 갖는 의미를 직관적으로 쉽게 이해 가능한 새로운 개념 습득 방법인 '구술형식'으로 설명할 필요성과 가능성을 제시한다. 본 논문을 통하여 그동안 학교교육이 확률의 독립사건 정의의 '수리식' 의미를 파악하지 못하여 확률교육의 맥이 막혀 있었다면 확률교육의 흐름에 새로운 지평을 여는 커다란 파급효과를 기대할 수 있다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2000년도 ITC-CSCC -1
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• pp.289-293
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• 2000

We propose two new algorithms for parallelism-independent scheduling. The machine code generated from the compiler using these algorithms in its scheduling phase is parallelism-independent code, executable in minimum time regardless of the number of the processors in the parallel computer. Our new algorithms have the following phases: finding the minimum number of processors on which the program can be executed in minimal time, scheduling by an heuristic algorithm for this predefined number of processors, and serialization of the parallel schedule according to the earliest start time of the tasks. At run time tasks are taken from the serialized schedule and assigned to the processor which allows the earliest start time of the task. The order of the tasks decided at compile time is not changed at run time regardless of the number of the available processors which means there is no out-of-order issue and execution. The scheduling is done predominantly at compile time and dynamic scheduling is minimized and diminished to allocation of the tasks to the processors. We evaluate the proposed algorithms by comparing them in terms of schedule length to the CP/MISF algorithm. For performance evaluation we use both randomly generated DAGs (directed acyclic graphs) and DACs representing real applications. From practical point of view, the algorithms we propose can be successfully used for scheduling programs for in-order superscalar processors and shared memory multiprocessor systems. Superscalar processors with any number of functional units can execute the parallelism-independent code in minimum time without necessity for dynamic scheduling and out-of-order issue hardware. This means that the use of our algorithms will lead to reducing the complexity of the hardware of the processors and the run-time overhead related to the dynamic scheduling.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.237-242
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• 2011

As a number of archaea are ubiquitously found in non-extreme habitats, elucidation of their functional roles becomes currently an emerging issue. However, most of them are unable to grow in pure culture and so it remains to be established. In order to find genes lacking in the genome of an ammonia-oxidizing archaeon (AOA), we here report on the comparative analyses of an AOA genome with those of experimentally or theoretically established minimal genomes for independent growth. We assessed the genes lacking in AOA using logic of clusters of orthologous groups (COG), remote homology, consensus sequence weight matrix, function-based motif or domain, and then further excluded genes encoding hypothetical orarchaea-specific proteins. The results of these combination analyses revealed 19 candidate genes lacking in the genome of an AOA. Thus, our results provide a possibility of inducing independent growth of AOA when supplemented with product (s) of the lacking gene (s), and also give a chance for finding new proteins with novel sequence or structure space even if the predicted lacking-genes will be found using another algorithms or biochemical studies.

• 한국지열·수열에너지학회논문집
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2017

In this study, set values of PICV(Pressure Independent Control Valve) were simulated according to the pressure distribution and velocity. The higher the set value and the open rate, as the lower the pressure in the neck. On the contrary, the lower the set value and open rate, as the higher the pressure in the neck. When the set value was small, the pressure was distributed sufficiently and confirmed that the pressure was generated by the VOF, confirming that it could generate a vapor pressure. When the set value 100 %, the lower corn open rate of the differential pressure was 46 % to 29 %, set value 100 % was 29 % to 19 %, and set value 6 % was 12 % to 6 % for the lower corn open rate percentile, it was limited to within 50 %. Thus, the results of this study on the correlation between open rate and differential pressure of the set value of the PICV will be beneficial to improve performance of flow control valves and contribute to their efficient operation used for a hydronic system.