• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.121-129
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• 2013

This paper proposes a linear-time algorithm that has been designed to obtain an accurate solution for Dominating Set (DS) problem, which is known to be NP-complete due to the deficiency of polynomial-time algorithms that successfully derive an accurate solution to it. The proposed algorithm does so by repeatedly assigning vertex v with maximum degree ${\Delta}(G)$among vertices adjacent to the vertex v with minimum degree ${\delta}(G)$ to Minimum Independent DS (MIDS) as its element and removing all the incident edges until no edges remain in the graph. This algorithm finally transforms MIDS into Minimum DS (MDS) and again into Minimum Connected DS (MCDS) so as to obtain the accurate solution to all DS-related problems. When applied to ten different graphs, it has successfully obtained accurate solutions with linear time complexity O(n). It has therefore proven that Dominating Set problem is rather a P-problem.

• BMB Reports
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.164-169
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• 2010

CpG-DNA, which contains unmethylated CpG dinucleotides in the context of specific sequences, has remarkable and diverse immunological effects, including induction of proinflammatory cytokine expression and regulation of the Th1/Th2 immune response. Here, we examined the immunostimulatory activities of double-stranded (ds) CpG-DNA in the human B cell line RPMI8226. To investigate whether dsCpG-DNA stimulates immune cells, we constructed a plasmid containing repeated dsCpG-DNA and produced dsCpG-DNA by PCR amplification and EcoR I digestion. PCR-amplified dsCpG-DNA alone did not have immmunostimulatory activity. However, dsCpGDNA encapsulated with lipofectin induced IL-8 promoter activation, HLA-DRA expression, and IL-8 expression in a CG sequence-independent manner. The effects of encapsulated dsCpGDNA were independent of minor endotoxin contamination. These findings suggest the potential use of dsCpG-DNA as a therapy for immune response regulation.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.30 no.10A
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• pp.949-957
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• 2005

In this paper, the performances of a single-user DS-UWB system applying two simple proposed channel estimation schemes are introduced, according to the newly updated DS-UWB PHY Layer standard from IEEE P802.15.3a. The performances of error control coding, different combining schemes in selective Rake receiver for DS-UWB system are analyzed. Both of the two channel estimation schemes using data-independent structure work well in DS-UWB system with few pilot bits. For the purpose of channel estimation and reduces the number of pilot bits, we apply a pilot symbol spreaded with $2{^8}-1\;or\;2{^9}-1$ periods of m-sequence for different channel estimation schemes.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.582-590
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• 1994

This paper introduce a highly verstile and simple data transmission system designed for commercial power distribution lines. The system operates on the DSSS principle but utilizes two independent carrier frequencies each represents polarity of DS MODEM outiputs. At the receiving terminal, outputs of two envelope detectors are directly applied to separate DS correlators before the two components are compared. The recovered signals which represents data and line noise are then compared at comparator. With the noise power greatly rudused at the correlator, the error rate of the data observed at comparator desplays great improvement comparing to the conventional FSK-DS system in which the detector output are compared before the correlator stage. Despite its simplest structure, the prototype MODEM transmitts 2400 bps with the error rate 10 , about 10dB improved compared to conventional FSK system.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.64-72
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• 1986

The error rate equation fo DS-BPSK(Direct Sequence Binary Phase Shift Keying) signal transmitted through the nonlinear satellite transponder has been derived in the cochannel interference and downlink Gaussian noise environment. The input to the satellite transponder is the superposition of DS-BPSK signal with one interfere which is a cochannel wide-band PN signal. The error rate performance of DS-BPSK system has been evaluated and shown in figures in terms of carrier to interference power ratio(CIR), downlink signal to noise power ratio(downlink SNR) and process gain. In the analysis, it has been shown that the use of a hard limiter in DS-BPSK satellite system leads to the generation of narrow-band intermodulation products which is independent of the process gain. Also it is known that the error rate performance can be improved in the low levels (below 10dB) of CIR as the CIR increase. As the process gain varies from 10 to 100 the curve gives the about 10 dB gain in downlink SNR to maintain a fixed error rate.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.95-105
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• 2005

Transposon-mediated insertional mutagenesis provides one of the most powerful tools for functional studies of genes in higher plants. This project has been performed to develop a large population of insertional mutations, and to construct databases of molecular information on Ds insertion sites in rice. Ultimate goals are to supply genetic materials and information to analyze gene function and to identify and utilize agronomically important genes for breeding purpose. Two strategies have been employed to generate the large scale of transposon population in a Japonica type rice, Dongjin Byeo; 1) genetic crosses between Ac and Ds lines and 2) plant regeneration from seeds carrying Ac and Ds. Our study showed that over 70% of regenerated plants generally carried independent Ds elements and high activity of transposition was detected only during regeneration period. Ds-flanking DNA amplified from leaf tissues of F2 and T1 (or T2) plants have been amplified via TAIL-PCR and directly sequenced. So far, over 65,000 Ds lines have been generated and over 9,500 Ds loci have been mapped on chromosomes by sequence analysis. Database of molecular information on Ds insertion sites has been constructed, and has been opened to the public and will be updated soon at http://www.niab.go.kr. Detailed functional analysis of more than 30 rice mutants has been performed. Several Ds-tagged rice genes that have been selected for functional analysis will be briefly introduced. We expect that a great deal of information and genetic resources of Ds lines would be obtained during the course of this project, which will be shared with domestic and international rice researchers. In addition to the Japonica rice, we have established the tagging system in an rice line of indica genetic background, MGRI079. MGRI079 (Indica/Japonica) was transformed with Agrobacteria carrying Ac and Ds T-DNA vectors. Among transgenic lines, we successfully identified single-copy Ds and Ac lines in MGR1079. These lines were served as ‘starter lines’ to mutagenize Indica genetic background. To achieve rapid, large scale generation of Ds transposant lines, MGR1079 transformants carrying homozygous Ac were crossed with ones with homozygous Ds, and $F_2$seeds were used for plant regeneration. In this year, over 2,000 regeneration plants were grown in the field. We are able to evaluate the tagging efficiency in the Indica genetic background in the fall.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.570-575
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• 2001

The minimum duration outage probability of a cellular system is defined the probability that the received signal level is hold under minimum required threshold duration. This definition is more realistic compared to the outage probability which is the received signal strength level is below predefined threshold level. Especially, in a DS-CDMA cellular system the received signal-to-interference ratio is a function of cell traffic, while the former researches are only considered the minimum duration outage probability independent of the cell traffic. We noticed that the minimum outage probability is rapidly increases as cell traffic increase.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.10B
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• pp.1182-1191
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• 2011

In this paper, we propose a network-based IP mobility management scheme, called Access Independent Mobile Service with IPv4/IPv6 Dual Stack (AIMS-DS), which can provide high-quality multimedia services to IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack mobile nodes (MNs) without any interruption over various wireless/wired access networks. The proposed scheme provides an MN with a fast and reliable mobility service among heterogeneous wireless access networks through the network-based control, the complete separation method of control and data plane, the cross-layer (layer2 and layer3) interworking method for handover control acceleration, etc, In addition, the proposed AIMS-DS can provide seamless mobility service to an MN under the environments of IPv4/IPv6 coexisting networks through the home address mobility support and transport network support. Through performance evaluation with computer simulations, we have shown the superiority of the proposed AIMS-DS in terms of handover latency, packet 1085 and packet delivery latency.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.63-72
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• 2022

Purpose : Several studies have investigated the effects of dynamic stretching (DS) and self-mobilization (SM), however, studies comparing the two interventions are rare. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of DS and SM on ankle strength, dorsiflexion range of motion (DFROM), and balance to determine which is superior. Methods : Thirty-two healthy young adults participated in this study. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups (SM and DS). DS was performed for the purpose of stretching the medial gastrocnemius muscle. For the SM group, ankle joint SM was performed in three ways. For all participants, the following measurements were performed as pre- and post-tests: isometric strength of dorsiflexor and plantar flexor, weight-bearing lunge test (WBLT) to evaluate DFROM, Tetrax system to evaluate static balance, and y balance test (YBT) to evaluate dynamic balance. Differences before and after the intervention within each group were compared using paired t-test. Also, the variable's variation was compared between groups using an independent t-test. Results : Significant differences were found in ankle dorsiflexor strength, WBLT, YBT, weight distribution index (WDI) (pillow and opened eyes; PO), and stability index (ST) (normal and closed eyes; NC) before and after intervention in the SM group (p<.05). In the DS group, significant differences were found in ankle dorsiflexor and plantar flexor strength, WBLT, YBT anterior, WDI (normal and opened eyes; NO, PO), and ST (NO, NC, PO, pillow and closed eyes) before and after the intervention (p<.05). Ankle plantar flexor strength and WDI (PO) were significantly different between groups. Conclusion : Based on the results of this study, DS or SM can be considered as a possibility for selective use according to variables for improving ankle joint function (DFROM, muscle strength, balance).

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.725-737
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• 2019

Purpose: We used a data analysis method to improve semiconductor manufacturing yield. We defined and optimized important factors and applied our findings to a real-world process. The semiconductor industry is very cost-competitive; our findings are useful. Methods: We collected data on 15 independent variables and one dependent variable (yield); we removed outliers and missing values. Using SPSS Modeler ver. 18.0, we analyzed the data both continuously and discretely and identified common factors. Results: We optimized two independent variables in terms of process conditions; yield improved. We used DS Leak software to model netting and Contact CD software to model meshes. DS Leak shows smaller the better characterisrics and Contact CD shows normal the best characteristics Conclusion: Various efforts have been made to improve semiconductor manufacturing yields, and many studies have created models or analyzed various characteristics. We not only defined important factors but also showed how to control processing to improve semiconductor yield.