• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.1283-1288
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• 2000

Objectives : The subcellular locations of Bad, Bid, Bax and Bcl-XL change during apoptosis and this change is important for the regulation of cell death. The purpose this study was to elucidate binding of Bad with Bcl-XL in vivo Methods : We mads Bad with Green Fluorescent Protein(GFP) using PCR method. We transfected and overexpressed GFP-Bad with or without Bcl-XL cotransfection in living COS-7 cell. Results : Bad and Bcl- XL bind one another in healthy living cells and this association controled mitochondrial docking. In the absence of Bad-XL, Bad was mainly cytosolic and partially bound to mitochondria. Upon coexpression of Bad and Bcl-XL, most of Bad translocated to mitochondria. These should suggest that Bad binds to the mitochondrial and cytoplasmic forms of Bcl-XL and Bad bound to cytoplasmic Bcl-XL translocates to mitochondria. These in vivo findings confirm that Bad make a complexes with Bcl- XL and cause mitochondrial translocation of Bad-Bcl-XL complex.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.121-128
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• 2017

Purpose: To report the results of a correlation analysis of skin dose assessed by in vivo dosimetry and the incidence of acute toxicity. This is a phase 2 trial evaluating the feasibility of intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) as a boost for breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods: Eligible patients were treated with IORT of 20 Gy followed by whole breast irradiation (WBI) of 46 Gy. A total of 55 patients with a minimum follow-up of 1 month after WBI were evaluated. Optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter (OSLD) detected radiation dose delivered to the skin during IORT. Acute toxicity was recorded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v4.0. Clinical parameters were correlated with seroma formation and maximum skin dose. Results: Median follow-up after IORT was 25.9 weeks (range, 12.7 to 50.3 weeks). Prior to WBI, only one patient developed acute toxicity. Following WBI, 30 patients experienced grade 1 skin toxicity and three patients had grade 2 skin toxicity. Skin dose during IORT exceeded 5 Gy in two patients: with grade 2 complications around the surgical scar in one patient who received 8.42 Gy. Breast volume on preoperative images (p = 0.001), ratio of applicator diameter and breast volume (p = 0.002), and distance between skin and tumor (p = 0.003) showed significant correlations with maximum skin dose. Conclusions: IORT as a boost was well-tolerated among Korean women without severe acute complication. In vivo dosimetry with OSLD can help ensure safe delivery of IORT as a boost.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• 제8권7호
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• pp.389-395
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• 2014

The research was carried out to develop a animal model of malignant brain tumor for the researches in glioblastoma multiform (GBM) diagnosis and therapy. C6 cells were transplanted into the right striatum of SD rat using stereotactic instrument for the development. The developed animal model was verified by MRI and H&E stain assay of anatomicohistological examination. The MRI observations showed that the tumor developed at the injection site at the 7 days after glioblastoma inoculation. At 14 days post inoculation, the tumor grew to a large volume occupying almost a half of the right cerebral hemisphere. It was confirmed that the expression of excessive mitosis and pleomorphism in anatomicohistological examination. The developed animal model must be necessary and useful tool for the in vivo level research in the development of the new modality for the diagnosis and therapy of brain cancer.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.385-391
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• 2005

A frictional coefficients of in-vivo skin characteristic is the most important factor of the cutaneous mechanical properties ant the method of evaluating skin care in the fields of cosmetics products. In-vivo skin characteristic varies in many different ways depends on what is applied to the skin, loading condition, shape, surface roughness, and material of the probe. In this research, we designed a system which can be measured frictional coefficients of a human skin on real time. It consists of multi-components load-cell, actuator, linear motor and arm fixator. This measurement system was automatically controlled by computer. We measured frictional coefficients between probe an4 skin using this system ant inquired adjectives for subjective evaluation while rubbing cosmetic product on skin. Lastly, we analyzed correlation between two factors by calculating Pearson Correlation Coefficient. As a result, we could know that frictional coefficients varied from 0.17-1.2 according to cosmetic products, normal forte, materials and surface conditions of probe. We also confirmed sensual feelings of cosmetic products have close correlation with frictional coefficients.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.288-296
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• 2005

Cytokines interleukin (IL) 12 and 23 play critical roles in linking innate and adaptive immune responses. They are members of heterodimeric cytokines, sharing a subunit p40. Although IL12/23 p40 is mainly induced in macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) after stimulation with microbial Toll-like receptor ligands, methods to monitor the cells that produce IL12/23 p40 in vivo are limited. Recently, the mouse model to track p40-expressing cells with fluorescent reporter, yellow fluorescent protein, has been developed. Macrophages and DCs from these mice faithfully reported p40 induction using the fluorescent marker. Here we took advantage of these reporter mice to screen bio-compounds for p40-inducing activity. After screening hundreds of compounds, we found several extracts inducing IL12/23 p40 gene expression. Treatment of DCs with these extracts induced the expression of MHC class II and co-stimulatory molecules, which implies that these might be useful as adjuvants. Next, the in vivo target immune cells of candidate compounds were examined. The reporter system can be useful to identify cells producing IL12 or IL23 in vivo as well as in vitro. Thus, our cytokine reporter system proved to be a valuable reagent for screening for immunostimulatory molecules and identification of target cells in vivo.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.168-174
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• 2004

In a course of the process for a lead optimization of 2-imino-l,3-thiazolines 1 which show a selective in vivo antifungal activity against rice blast, new compounds 2 in which C-5 was substituted by methyl group of the lead compound were synthesized and tested for the biological activity. Bromination of $\beta$-keto ester 7 followed by the reaction with thiourea and hydrolysis gave 2-imino-5-methyl-l,3-thiazoline carboxylic acid 3. Coupling reactions of 3 with aniline derivatives afforded 17 kinds of the corresponding 2-imino-5-methyl-l,3-thiazoline carboxanilides 2. Their in vivo antifungal activity against rice blast was weaker than that of 1, indicating that the in vivo antifungal activity of 2-imino-l,3-thiazolines was affected by the substituent at C-5. These results would be an important data for the molecular design in the lead optimization process of this series.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.219-228
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• 1992

The steady state and decay characteristics of primary fluorescence of twelve clones of phytoplankton were investigated in vivo. At 380-435nm region, intense fluorescence emission spectra were obtained from the all phytoplankton, examined', The primary fluorescence of phytoplankton in different growth states was examined In order to find out fluorophores for the observed fluorescence, eight different pteridine derivatives in phosphate buffer solution were examined for their fluorescence characteristics and compared with those of phytoplankton. Fluorescence lifetimes $(\tau)$ and decay curves were compared with standard solution of candidate organic compounds. Decay kinetics of observed fluorescence were shown as hi- and tri-exponential decay curves with 430nm cut-off filter for phytoplankton. Comparison between fluorescence characteristics of bacteria and phytoplankton showed distinct differences for their steady state fluorecence spectra and decay kinetics.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제2권6호
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• pp.499-507
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• 2018

For the spatiotemporally aligned observation of photothrombosis induction and transient variations of in vivo brain stroke, we developed a novel photothrombosis inducing system compatible to a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system using nonmagnetic stereotaxic equipment. From the spatial point of view, the system provides a more reliable level of reproducibility of the photothrombosis in each brain. From the temporal point of view, from T1- and T2-weighted in vivo MR (magnetic resonance) images, the transient variations such as incidence, location, and size of the thrombosis are measured quantitatively. In addition, the final variation is observed in the ex vivo brain by TTC (Triphenyltetrazolium chloride) staining based on histological assay and utilized for the verification of the MR images. From the experimental result of the rat brain, the proposed system shows more reliable characteristics for transient variations of brain strokes.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2002

In vivo expression technology (IVET) has been developed to study bacterial gene expression in Salmonella typhimurium during host infection. The expression of selected genes by IVET has been elevated in vivo but not in vitro. The selected genes turned out to be important for bacterial virulence and/or pathogenicity. IVET depends on a synthetic operon with a promoterless transcriptional fusion between a selection marker gene and a reporter gene. The IVET approach has been successfully adapted in other bacterial pathogens and plant-associated bacteria using different selection markers. Pseudomonas putida suppresses citrus root rot caused by Phytophthora parasitica and enhances citrus seedling growth. The WET strategy was adapted based on a transcriptional fusion, pyrBC'-lacZ, in P. putida to study the bacterial traits important far biocontrol activities. Several genes appeared to be induced on P. parasitica hyphae and were found to be related with metabolism and regulation of gene expression. It is likely that the biocontrol strain took a metabolic advantage from the plant pathogenic fungus and then suppressed citrus root rot effectively. The result was parallel with those from the adaptation of IVET in P. fluorescens, a plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Interestingly, genes encoding components for type III secretion system have been identified as rhizosphere-induced genes in the PGPR strain. The type III secretion system may play a certain role during interaction with its counterpart plants. Application of IVET has been demonstrated in a wide range of bacteria. It is an important strategy to genetically understand complicated bacterial traits in the environment.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• 제10권11호
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• pp.1089-1094
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• 2004

Diseases in the gastro-intestinal track are on an increasing trend. In order to diagnose a patient, the various signals of the digestive organ, such as temperature, pH, and pressure, can offer the helpful information. Among the above mentioned signals, we choose the pressure variation as a monitoring signal. The variation of a pressure signal of the gastro-intestinal track can offer the information of a digestive trouble or some clues of the diseases. In this paper, a pressure monitoring system for the digestive organs of a living pig is presented. This system concept is to transmit the measured biomedical signals from a transmitter in a living pig to wireless receiver that is positioned out of body. The integrated solution includes the following parts: (1) the swallow type pressure capsule, (2) the receiving set consisting of a receiver, decoder box, and PC. The merit of the proposed system if that the monitoring system can supply the precise and repeatable pressure in the gastro-intestinal track. In addition, the design of low power consumption enables it to keep sending reliable signals while the pressure capsule is working in the digestive organ. The subject of the study for the pressure monitoring system is in-vivo experiments for a living pig. We achieved the pressure tracings in digestive organs and verified the validity of system after several in-vivo tests using pressure monitoring system. As a result, we found each organ has its own characterized pressure fluctuation.